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'''Edward Otho Cresap Ord''' (October 18, 1818 – July 22, 1883), frequently referred to as '''E. O. C. Ord''', was an American engineer and [[United States Army]] officer who saw action in the [[Seminole War]], the [[Indian Wars]], and the [[American Civil War]]. He commanded an army during the final days of the Civil War, and was instrumental in forcing the surrender of [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] General [[Robert E. Lee]]. He also designed [[Fort Sam Houston]]. He died in Havana, Cuba of [[yellow fever]].
==Early life and career==
Ord was born in [[Cumberland, Maryland]], the son of James and Rebecca Ord. Family tradition made James Ord the illegitimate son of [[George IV]] of the United Kingdom and [[Maria Fitzherbert]]<ref>Georgetown University Archives including a Xerox copy of a manuscript entitled "History of James Ord as related by himself with other facts collected by his sons" and a copy of a privately printed pamphlet entitled, "Memoranda Concerning James Ord who died January 25, 1873 by his granddaughter Mary Ord Preston 1896" original publication in Georgetown University Library, Special Collections, call number 90A469.</ref> but
[[File:FORT MERVINE, MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA.jpg|left|thumb|Fort Mervine]]
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[[File:General Edward O C Ord and His Family.png|thumb|right|Edward O. C. Ord and his family]]
Ord was in [[California]] when the [[California Gold Rush|gold rush]] began, with its resultant skyrocketing prices. Since their military salaries no longer covered living expenses, Ord's commander suggested that the younger officers take on other jobs to supplement their income. In the fall of 1848, Ord and Sherman, in the employ of [[John Augustus Sutter, Jr.]], assisted Captain William H. Warner of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the survey of [[Sacramento, California]], helping to produce the map that established the future capital city's extensive downtown street grid. Ord also produced a map of the Gold and Quicksilver district of California dated July 25, 1848.
Later, [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] officials needed to have a survey of the public lands in order to sell them, and Ord was hired as the surveyor. He chose [[William Rich Hutton]] as his assistant, and together the two mapped Los Angeles in July and August 1849. Thanks to the efforts of these two men, historians have a fairly good view of what the [[Pueblo de Los Angeles]] looked like at the middle of the 19th century. Lieutenant Ord surveyed the pueblo and his assistant Hutton sketched many scenes of the pueblo and drew the first map from Ord's survey.<ref>Marschner 2000, p. 49</ref> The Los Angeles City Archives has the original map produced by Hutton from Ord's survey. Ord was paid $3000 for his work on this survey. La Reina De Los Angeles, published in 1929, states that Ord was offered 160 acres of public land and 10 building sites all in the present downtown business district but accepted the $3000 instead.
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* The former [[Fort Ord]], now [[Fort Ord National Monument]], in [[Monterey County, California]], was named for him.
* [[Ord, Nebraska]], was named in his honor while he was serving as commander of the Department of the Platte.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InM_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA140 | title=History of Hamilton and Clay Counties, Nebraska, Volume 1 | publisher=S.J. Clarke Publishing Company | author=Burr, George L. | year=1921 | page=140}}</ref>
* Peaks named
* There is a bronze statue of Ord at [[Vicksburg National Military Park]].
* There is a bust of Ord on display in the foyer of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130828201237/http://police.csumb.edu/ University Police Department] at [[California State University, Monterey Bay]], in Seaside, California.
* The Ord-Weitzel Gate is inscribed with his name at Arlington National Cemetery, but was relocated and modified.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/va1846/|title=Arlington National Cemetery, Ord-Weitzel Gate, Arlington, Arlington County, VA|work=The Library of Congress|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ggwash.org/view/3994/then-and-now-arlingtons-ord-weitzel-gate|title=Then and Now: Arlington's Ord-Weitzel Gate|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en}}</ref>
* There is a bust of Ord at [[Grant's Tomb]] in New York City depicting him as one of five ([[William T. Sherman|Sherman]], [[George H. Thomas|Thomas]], [[James B. McPherson|McPherson]], [[Philip H. Sheridan|Sheridan]], and Ord) sentinels watching over the tomb of President Ulysses S. Grant.
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* Ord Street NE in Washington, D.C., is named for him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bing.com/maps?osid=68b42c06-999b-4a1f-ac21-268884199200&cp=38.908545~-76.93878&lvl=16&v=2&sV=2&form=S00027|title=Map of Ord St NE in Washington, DC|website=www.bing.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref>
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