Content deleted Content added
Alistair1978 (talk | contribs) United Kingdom (via WP:JWB) |
#article-select-source-editor Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit |
||
(43 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{short description|
{{for|his son|Edward Otho Cresap Ord II}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Edward Otho Cresap Ord
|birth_date= {{birth date|1818|10|18}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1883|7|22|1818|10|18}}
|birth_place= [[Cumberland, Maryland
|death_place= [[Havana, Cuba|Havana]], [[Captaincy General of Cuba]]
|placeofburial= [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
Line 11 ⟶ 12:
|image_size=150
|caption=
|allegiance={{Flag|United States
|branch= {{flag|United States Army|1877
|serviceyears= 1839–1881
|rank=[[File:Union Army major general rank insignia.svg|35px]] [[Major general (United States)|Major General]]
|commands={{unbulleted list| [[XIII Corps (Union Army)|XIII Corps]] | [[XVIII Corps (Union Army)|XVIII Corps]] | [[XXIV Corps (Union Army)|XXIV Corps]] | [[Army of the James]]}}
|unit=
|battles={{unbulleted list| [[Seminole War]] | [[American Civil War]] | [[Indian Wars]]}}
|awards=
|relations=[[Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II]], son <br /> [[Jules Garesche Ord]], son
|laterwork=
}}
'''Edward Otho Cresap Ord''' (October 18, 1818
==Early life and career==
Ord was born in [[Cumberland, Maryland]], the son of James and Rebecca Ord. Family tradition made James Ord the illegitimate son of [[George IV]] of the United Kingdom and [[Maria Fitzherbert]]<ref>Georgetown University Archives including a Xerox copy of a manuscript entitled "History of James Ord as related by himself with other facts collected by his sons" and a copy of a privately printed pamphlet entitled, "Memoranda Concerning James Ord who died January 25, 1873 by his granddaughter Mary Ord Preston 1896" original publication in Georgetown University Library, Special Collections, call number 90A469.</ref> but,
[[File:FORT MERVINE, MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA.jpg|left|thumb|Fort Mervine]]
In January 1847, Ord sailed on the [[USS Lexington (1825)|USS ''Lexington'']] around [[Cape Horn]] with [[Henry Halleck]] and William Tecumseh Sherman.
[[File:General Edward O C Ord and His Family.png|thumb|right|Edward O. C. Ord and his family]]
Ord was in [[California]] when the [[California Gold Rush|gold rush]] began, with its resultant skyrocketing prices. Since their military salaries no longer covered living expenses, Ord's commander suggested that the younger officers take on other jobs to supplement their income. In the fall of 1848, Ord and Sherman, in the employ of [[John Augustus Sutter, Jr.]], assisted Captain William H. Warner of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the survey of [[Sacramento, California]], helping to produce the map that established the future capital city's extensive downtown street grid. Ord also produced a map of the Gold and Quicksilver district of California dated July 25, 1848
Later, [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] officials needed to have a survey of the public lands in order to sell them, and Ord was hired as the surveyor. He chose [[William Rich Hutton]] as his assistant, and together the two mapped Los Angeles in July and August 1849. Thanks to the efforts of these two men, historians have a fairly good view of what the [[Pueblo de Los Angeles]] looked like at the middle of the 19th century. Lieutenant Ord surveyed the pueblo and his assistant Hutton sketched many scenes of the pueblo and drew the first map from Ord's survey.<ref>Marschner 2000, p. 49</ref> The Los Angeles City Archives has the original map produced by Hutton from Ord's survey. Ord was paid $3000 for his work on this survey. La Reina De Los Angeles, published in 1929, states that Ord was offered 160 acres of public land and 10 building sites all in the present downtown business district but accepted the $3000 instead.
Ord was promoted to [[Captain (United States)|captain]] in 1850, while serving in the [[Pacific Northwest]]. He married Mary Mercer Thompson on October 14, 1854, and they eventually had thirteen children. One of their notable children was [[Jules Garesche Ord]], who was killed in action after reaching the top of [[San Juan Hill]] in Cuba. He was the officer who started and led the charge which Teddy Roosevelt followed. Another was [[Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II]], who was also a [[United States Army]] [[Major (United States)|Major]] who served with the [[22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|22nd Infantry Regiment]] during the [[Indian Wars]], the [[Spanish–American War]] and the [[Philippine-American War]]. He was also a painter, inventor and poet. The son of Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II and grandson of Edward Ord was [[James Garesche Ord]], who commanded the [[28th Infantry Division (United States)|28th Infantry Division]] and was Chairman of the Joint U.S.-Brazil Defense Commission in [[World War II]].▼
▲Ord was promoted to [[Captain (United States)|captain]] in 1850, while serving in the [[Pacific Northwest]]. He married Mary Mercer Thompson on October 14, 1854, and they eventually had thirteen children. One of their notable children was [[Jules Garesche Ord]], who was killed in action after reaching the top of [[San Juan Hill]] in Cuba. He was the officer who started and led the charge which Teddy Roosevelt followed. Another was [[Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II]], who was also a [[United States Army]] [[Major (United States)|Major]] who served with the [[22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|22nd Infantry Regiment]] during the [[Indian Wars]], the [[Spanish–American War]] and the [[
In 1859, while attending artillery school at [[Fort Monroe, Virginia]], Ord was summoned by [[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]] [[John B. Floyd]] to quell [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]]'s raid on the [[Harpers Ferry]] Federal arsenal. However, [[Colonel (United States)|Col.]] [[Robert E. Lee]] reached Harpers Ferry first, and Colonel Lee telegraphed to Captain Ord that the situation was under control and Ord and his men would not be needed at Harpers Ferry. They were instructed to halt at [[Fort McHenry]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]].
Line 45 ⟶ 49:
After the fall of Vicksburg, Ord remained in command of the XIII Corps in the [[Department of the Gulf]]. In 1864, he was transferred back to the [[Eastern Theater of the American Civil War|Eastern Theater]] to assume command of the [[XVIII Corps (ACW)|XVIII Corps]]. His forces were present during the [[Battle of the Crater]] but did not actively participate in the fighting. In the fall of 1864 he was seriously wounded in the attack on [[Battle of Chaffin's Farm|Fort Harrison]] and did not return to action until January 1865.
In March 1865, during a prisoner exchange in Virginia, Ord spoke with Confederate General [[James Longstreet]]. During their conversation, the subject of peace talks came up. Ord suggested that a first step might be for Lee and Grant to have a meeting. General Longstreet carried this idea back to General Lee, who wrote to Grant about the possibility of a "military convention" in the interest of finding what Lee called "a satisfactory adjustment of the present unhappy difficulties". Grant forwarded Lee's proposal to President [[Abraham Lincoln]], with a request for instructions. In the end, Lincoln directed Grant to decline all such offers unless it was for the explicit purpose of accepting the surrender of Lee's army.<ref>The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress
with Lee)</ref>
It was at this time, during the spring of 1865, that Ord's career peaked. He was assigned command of the [[Army of the James]] during the [[Appomattox Campaign]]. Maj. Gen. [[John Gibbon]]'s corps of Ord's army played a significant role in the [[Battle of Petersburg III|breakthrough at Petersburg]]. On April 9, he led a forced march to [[Appomattox Court House National Historical Park|Appomattox Court House]] to relieve Maj. Gen. [[Philip H. Sheridan]]'s [[cavalry]] and force Lee's surrender. General Sherman said that he "had always understood that [Ord's] skillful, hard march the night before was one of the chief causes of Lee's surrender."
General Ord was present at the McLean house when Lee surrendered, and is often pictured in paintings of this event. When the surrender ceremony was complete, Ord purchased as a souvenir, for $40, the marble-topped table at which Lee had sat. It now resides in the Chicago Historical Society's Civil War Room.
After the [[assassination of Abraham Lincoln]]
==Postbellum==
[[File:Grave of Brigadier General Edward Ord - Arlington National Cemetery - 2012-05-19.jpg|thumb|left|Grave of Edward Ord in [[Arlington National Cemetery]]]]
During [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]], Ord was assigned by [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lt. Gen.]] [[Ulysses S. Grant]] to command the Army of Occupation, headquartered at [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]. Subsequently, he was assigned to the [[Department of the Ohio]] until he was mustered out of the volunteers in September 1866. On December 11, 1865, he received the commissions of [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]] and [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] in the [[Regular Army (United States)|regular army]] for the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge and brevet [[Major general (United States)|major general]] of volunteers for the assault of Fort Harrison, all dating from March 13, 1865. Subsequently, he commanded the [[Department of Arkansas]] (1866–67), the [[Fourth Military District]] (
Ord commanded the [[Department of the Platte]] from December 11, 1871, until April 11, 1875, when he was reassigned as the commander of the [[Department of Texas]]. He served in that role until his retirement on December 6, 1880. While he was stationed in Texas, he supervised the construction of [[Fort Sam Houston]].
In January 1872, Ord was a member of the buffalo hunting excursion with the [[Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia]] on the plains of southwest [[Nebraska]] with American celebrities of the day. They included [[Philip Sheridan]] (second in command of the United States Army), Lt. Col. [[George Armstrong Custer]], [[Buffalo Bill Cody]], [[Wild Bill
During 1872, Col. Ord and a soldier detachment were assigned to protect the survey parties of the [[Wheeler Survey]] as they worked in the vicinity of northeastern Utah.<ref>Howell, Edwin E. (
In 1876, Ord was appointed military governor of the Fourth Military District which included Mississippi and Arkansas.<ref name=Donovan>{{cite book |last1=Donovan |first1=Timothy P. |title=Governors of Arkansas
Ord retired from the army in 1881 with the rank of brevet major general, and at this time, General Sherman wrote of him, "He has had all the hard knocks of service, and never was on soft or fancy duty. He has always been called on when hard duty was expected, and never flinched."
Later in 1881, Ord was hired by his former commander, U. S. Grant, president of the [[Mexican Southern Railroad
In 1882, Ord's daughter, Roberta, married prominent Mexican general [[Jerónimo Treviño]].<ref>[http://juancrouset.blogspot.mx/2012/02/mexican-soldier-and-yankee-soldiers.html Juan Crouset: A Mexican Soldier and a Yankee Soldier's Daughter]</ref>
While working in Mexico, Ord contracted [[yellow fever]]. He became seriously sick while on his way from Vera Cruz to New York. He was taken ashore at [[Havana, Cuba]], where he died in the evening of July 22, 1883. On the occasion of his death, General Sherman said of Ord, "As his intimate associate since boyhood, the General here bears testimony of him that a more unselfish, manly, and patriotic person never lived".
General Ord's son, Edward O. C. Ord, Jr., was also an Army officer. Ord, Jr. was a hereditary member of the [[Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States]], the [[Sons of the American Revolution]] and the [[Sons of the Revolution]].
==Legacy==
* Well before his death, the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific Railroad]] named a station in California, along its now-abandoned [[Colusa, California|Colusa]] Branch, '''[[Ordbend, California|Ord Bend]]''' as recognition of the nearby Ord Ranch, owned in the 1850s by Ord and two of his brothers.<ref name=CPN>{{cite book | last = Gudde | first = Erwin G. | title = California Place Names | publisher = [[University of California Press]] | year = 1949 | location = Berkeley, California | page = 244}}</ref>
* The former [[Fort Ord]], now [[Fort Ord National Monument]], in [[Monterey County, California]], was named for him.
* [[Ord, Nebraska]], was named in his honor while he was serving as commander of the Department of the Platte.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InM_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA140 | title=History of Hamilton and Clay Counties, Nebraska, Volume 1 | publisher=S.J. Clarke Publishing Company | author=Burr, George L. | year=1921 |
* Peaks named
* There is a bronze statue of Ord at [[Vicksburg National Military Park]].
* There is a bust of Ord on display in the foyer of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130828201237/http://police.csumb.edu/ University Police Department] at [[California State University, Monterey Bay]], in Seaside, California.
* The Ord-Weitzel Gate is inscribed with his name at Arlington National Cemetery, but was relocated and modified.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/va1846/|title=Arlington National Cemetery, Ord-Weitzel Gate, Arlington, Arlington County, VA|work=The Library of Congress|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ggwash.org/view/3994/then-and-now-arlingtons-ord-weitzel-gate|title=Then and Now: Arlington's Ord-Weitzel Gate|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en}}</ref>
* There is a bust of Ord at [[Grant's Tomb]] in New York City depicting him as one of five ([[William T. Sherman|Sherman]], [[George H. Thomas|Thomas]], [[James B. McPherson|McPherson]], [[Philip H. Sheridan|Sheridan]], and Ord) sentinels watching over the tomb of President Ulysses S. Grant.
*
* Ord Street NE in Washington,
==Dates of rank==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Insignia !! Rank !! Date !! Component
|-
|No insignia || [[Cadet#United States|Cadet, USMA]] || 1 September 1835 || [[Regular Army (United States)|Regular Army]]
|-
|[[File:Union army 2nd lt rank insignia.jpg|75px]] || [[Second lieutenant#United States|Second Lieutenant]] || 1 July 1839 || Regular Army
|-
|[[File:Union army 1st lt rank insignia.jpg|75px]] || [[First lieutenant#United States|First Lieutenant]] || 1 July 1841 || Regular Army
|-
|[[File:Union army cpt rank insignia.jpg|75px]] || [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] || 7 September 1850 || Regular Army
|-
|[[File:Union army brig gen rank insignia.jpg|75px]] || [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] || 14 September 1861 || [[United States Volunteers|Volunteers]]
|-
|[[File:Union_army_maj_rank_insignia.jpg|75px]] || [[Major (United States)|Major]] || 21 November 1861 || Regular Army
|-
|[[File:Union army maj gen rank insignia.jpg|75px]] || [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] || 2 May (accepted 12 May) 1862 || Volunteers
|-
|[[File:Union_army_col_rank_insignia.jpg|75px]] || [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] || 19 September 1862 (brevet) || Regular Army
|-
|[[File:Union_Army_LTC_rank_insignia.png|75px]] || [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] || 11 December 1865 || Regular Army
|-
|[[File:Union army brig gen rank insignia.jpg|75px]] || Brigadier General || 13 March 1865 (brevet)<br>26 July (accepted 15 August) 1866 (permanent) || Regular Army
|-
|[[File:Union army maj gen rank insignia.jpg|75px]] || Major General || 13 March 1865 (brevet)<br>28 January 1881 (retired) || Regular Army
|}
<ref>{{cite book |last=Cullum |first=George W. |date=1891 |title=Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y., from its establishment in 1802 to 1890 |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicalregi02bost/page/8/mode/2up |location=Boston |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin]] |volume=II |edition=3rd |pages=6–9 |isbn=}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1880 |title=Official Army Register for January 1880 |url=https://archive.org/details/officialarmyregi1880unit/page/68/mode/2up|location=Washington |publisher=Adjutant General's Office |pages=3, 68 |isbn=}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|American Civil War}}
* [[List of American Civil War generals (Union)]]
==Notes==
Line 96 ⟶ 130:
==References==
* Cody, William Frederick, ''An autobiography of Buffalo Bill (
* Cresap, Joseph Ord, and Cresap, Bernarr, ''The History of the Cresaps'', The Cresap Society, McComb, Mississippi, 1937.
* Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher|Eicher, David J.]], ''Civil War High Commands'', Stanford University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-8047-3641-3}}.
* Flood, Charles Bracelen, ''Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War'', Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005, {{ISBN|0-374-16600-5}},
* Marschner, Janice, ''California 1850: A Snapshot in Time'', Coleman Ranch Press, 2000 {{ISBN|0-9677069-3-9}}
* Ord, Edward Otho Cresap IV, ''American Civil War Society, Inc., Company Dispatch, August/September, 2005, Official newsletter of the American Civil War Society'',
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060914220516/http://csumb.edu/site/x12651.xml Fort Ord Alumni Association]▼
* [http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/usmchist/59harper.txt ''The United States Marines at Harpers Ferry, 1859''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216002120/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/usmchist/59harper.txt |date=2008-02-16 }}, U.S. Marine Corps Historical Reference Series, number 10, Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U. S. Marine Corps, Washington, D.
▲*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060914220516/http://csumb.edu/site/x12651.xml Fort Ord Alumni Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050209174418/http://www.rootsweb.com/~neresour/andreas/military/military-p8.html#deplatte History of the Department of the Platte]▼
▲*[http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/usmchist/59harper.txt ''The United States Marines at Harpers Ferry, 1859''], U.S. Marine Corps Historical Reference Series, number 10, Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U. S. Marine Corps, Washington, D. C., revised 1962.
* [http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/for01 Handbook of Texas Online]▼
▲*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050209174418/http://www.rootsweb.com/~neresour/andreas/military/military-p8.html#deplatte History of the Department of the Platte]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060911085530/http://faculty.css.edu/mkelsey/usgrant/souvenir.html Souvenirs of the surrender at Appomattox]▼
▲*[http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/for01 Handbook of Texas Online]
▲*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060911085530/http://faculty.css.edu/mkelsey/usgrant/souvenir.html Souvenirs of the surrender at Appomattox]
==External links==
{{Commons category|Edward Otho Cresap Ord|Edward Ord}}
* [http://www.spartacus-educational.com/USACWord.htm Article from Spartacus Schoolnet]
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf8290068n/ Guide to the Edward Otho Cresap Ord Papers] at [[The Bancroft Library]]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208215607/http://www.generalsandbrevets.com/ngo/ord.htm |date=February 8, 2008 |title=Edward Ord photograph page }}
* [http://content.cdlib.org/dynaxml/data/13030/zj/hb3s2005zj/files/hb3s2005zj-FID4.jpg Edward Ord's map of the Gold and Quicksilver district of California]
{{S-start}}
{{S-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Benjamin Butler (politician)|Benjamin Butler]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Army of the James|Commander of Army of the James]]|years=January 8, 1865-August 1, 1865}}
{{s-aft|after=none}}
{{S-end}}
Line 129 ⟶ 162:
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1883 deaths]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Deaths from yellow fever]]
[[Category:American people of the Seminole Wars]]
Line 135 ⟶ 168:
[[Category:Union Army generals]]
[[Category:People of California in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania Reserves]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in Cuba]]
|