FSB Border Service of Russia: Difference between revisions

| agencyname = Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Пограничная служба Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации}}}}

| logocaption = Emblem of the FSB Border Service

| flagcaption = Flag of the FSB Border Service

| sizepopulation = 170,000 (2017)<ref name="dia.mil">{{cite web|url=https://info.publicintelligence.net/DIA-RussiaMilitaryPower2017.pdf |title=Paper |date=2017 |website=info.publicintelligence.net }}</ref>

In 1782 the Empress [[Catherine II of Russia]] established Border Customs Guard units, originally manned by Russian [[Russian Cossacks]] as well as by low-ranking [[cavalry]] troops. In 1810 General [[Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly|Mikhail Barklay de Tolly]] organized numerous border posts along the entire western Russian border, manned by 11 regiments of [[Don Cossacks|Don]] and [[Bug Cossacks|Bug]] Cossacks. Within two years Russian Border Guards became the first to oppose [[Napoleon's invasion of Russia]] (June 1812). In 1832 Cossacks and cavalry were replaced by armed customs officials subordinate to the [[Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire|Ministry of Finance]] in peacetime (in wartime the border guards were automatically transferred to the army). In the same year the government of [[Nicholas I of Russia|Emperor Nicholas I]] established a [[coast guard]] – originally to observe coasts of the [[Black Sea]] and of the [[Sea of Azov]].

{{main|USSRSoviet Border Troops}}

'''Soviet Border Troops''', ({{lang-ru|Пограничные войска СССР, |Pogranichnyie Voiskavoiska SSSR}}) were the [[military|militarized]] [[border guard]] of the [[Soviet Union]], subordinated to its subsequently reorganized [[Secret police|state security]] agency: first to ''[[Cheka]]''/[[State Political Directorate|OGPU]], then to [[NKVD]]/[[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)|MVD]]/[[Ministry for State Security (USSR)|MGB]] and, finally, to [[KGB]]. Accordingly, they were known as '''NKVD Border Troops''' and '''KGB Border Troops''' (with [[Russian language|Russian]] abbreviations -  ''НКВД СССР''/ or -  ''КГБ СССР'' added on the end of official names). Unlike border guards of many other countries, Soviet Border Troops were a centralized force including also the [[sea|maritime]]marine borderunits guardof unitsthe Border Troops (i.e., a [[coast guard]]).

[[Image:RIAN archive 942200 Border guards of the Federal Security Service pursuing trespassers of the maritime boundary during exercises in Kaliningrad region.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Border guards of the FederalFSB SecurityBorder ServiceDirectorate in [[Kaliningrad regionOblast]], 2011]]

Following the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], the [[#Old FPS structure|Federal Border Guard Service of Russia]] ({{lang-ru|Федеральная пограничная служба|Federal'naya pogranichnaya sluzhba|link=no}}, a.k.a. FPS) was created on December 30, 1993, as a separate government agency. The agency retained some old traditions, most notably the dark green-coloured uniform and [[Border Guards Day]] (an official holiday commemorated by celebrations of ex-servicemen). The First minister of the FBS (Federal Border Service)FPS was [[Andrei Nikolayev (politician)|Andrei Nikolayev]], a young and outspoken general who later became deputy of the [[State Duma]]. Russian Border Guards were also stationed outside of Russia most notably in southern [[Tajikistan]], in order to guard the border with [[Afghanistan]], until summer 2005. On the Afghan-Tajik border on many occasions they were engaged in heavy fighting with [[Illegal drug trade|drug-traffickers]] and [[Islamic extremists]]. [[Armenia]]'s closed border with [[Turkey]] and open border with [[Iran]] is also still guarded by the Russians. On March 11, 2003, the Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] changed the status of the Border Guard Service from a separate agency into a branch of the Russian [[Russian Federal Security Service]]. The new conversion took effect on July 1, 2003. The current head of the FSB Border Guard Service of Russia is General [[Vladimir Pronichev]]. The Border Guard Service of Russia is tasked with a defence of the [[List of countries and territories by land borders|longest national border in the world]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

[[File:В Москве на Красной площади состоялся военный парад в ознаменование 76-ой годовщины Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 05.jpg|thumb|SoldiersBorder guard cadets in the modern dress uniform of the FSB Border Service., 2021]]

In July 2014 [[Ukraine]] opened a criminal case against the head of the BorderFSB GuardBorder Service [[Vladimir Kulishov]]; he was accused of financing “illegal"illegal military groups”groups" in [[Eastern Ukraine]] [[2014 insurgency in Donbass|who at the time fought against the]] [[Ukrainian army]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wqad.com/2014/07/22/ukraine-calls-businessman-and-russian-defense-minister-accomplices-of-terrorists/|title=Ukraine calls businessman and Russian defense minister 'accomplices of terrorists'|date=22 July 2014|publisher=wqad.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-07/05/c_126712597.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708060949/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-07/05/c_126712597.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 8, 2014|title=Ukraine opens criminal case against Russian Border Service chief - Xinhua - English.news.cn|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rupaper.com/post/30752 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728224641/http://rupaper.com/post/30752 |archive-date=2014-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Responsibilities of the Border Guard Service of Russia include:

[[File:Эмблема погранвойск России.jpg|thumb|220px|1990s emblem]]

'''FPS of Russia''', the '''Federal Border Service''' ({{lang-ru|Федеральная пограничная служба}}, |Federal'naya Pogranichnayapogranichnaya Sluzhbasluzhba|link=no}}), active from 30 December 1994 to 30 June 2003<!-- The new conversion took effect on 1 July 2003. -->, was headed by a single centralized system, which included:

* Companies, institutions, and organizations in Russia under the FPS (hereinafter referred to authorities and troops as FPS Russia), according to federal law.

Changes in the regional structure of the Border Service, instead of ten regional border offices (see the old[[#Old structuresFPS structure|old FPS structure]]) for the new scheme includes 7 regional border offices of(in the border[[Federal (indistricts theof Russia|federal districts]]) and 30 border offices in 2005. Includes the Maritime[[Coast BorderGuard (Russia)|Coast Guard]].

Regional border districtsoffices:

* FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Central[[Southern Federal District]]

* FSB Regional Border ManagementDirectorate forof the Southern[[Ural Federal District]]

* FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Ural[[Volga Federal District]]

* FSB Regional Border Directorate of the Volga[[Siberian Federal District]]

* FSB Regional Border Directorate forof the Siberian[[Northwestern Federal District]]

* North WestFSB Regional Border DriectorateDirectorate of the [[Far Eastern Federal District]]

* [[Golitsyno Border Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation|Golitsynsky Military Institute of the Border Service]];

[[File:Group of Russian border troops in Tajikistan.svg|thumb|The shoulder patch of the Group of Russian border troops in Tajikistan.]]

The basis for the deployment of Russian border guards in [[Armenia]] is an interstate agreement concluded on September 30, 1992. The border department of the FSB of Russia in Armenia includes four border detachments: one in [[Gyumri]], [[Armavir, Armenia|Armavir]], [[Artashat, Armenia|Artashat]] and [[Meghri]], as well as a separate checkpoint at the [[Zvartnots International Airport]]. The maintenance of about 4.5 thousand Russian border guards in Armenia is financed from the budgets of both states. Russian border guards also guard the borders of Armenia with [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]].<ref>[http://www.rg.ru/2005/07/13/tadjikistan.html Прощание с Пянджем. Российские пограничники покидают Таджикистан]</ref><ref>[http://www.newsru.com/crime/02aug2013/fsbshotarmenborder.html Российские пограничники убили турецкого пастуха, обстрелявшего их на территории Армении].</ref> On 9 May 2024, Russian Presidential spokesman [[Dmitry Peskov]] announced that Russian border guards will continue to serve on Armenia's borders with [[Armenia–Iran border|Iran]] and [[Armenia–Turkey border|Turkey]], at the request of the Armenian side.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.az/news/russian-border-guards-stay-on-armenias-borders-with-iran,-turkiye-kremlin-|title=Russian border guards stay on Armenia's borders with Iran, Türkiye - Kremlin|language=en|date=2024-05-09|publisher=news.az}}</ref>

From 1992 to 2005, there was a Group of Russian Border Troops in the Republic of Tajikistan. Border guards were repeatedly and credibly suspected of being involved in the drugs trade across the Tajik-Afghan border.<ref>{{cite webnews|last=Moore |first=Kathleen |title=Tajikistan: Heroin Busts Tie Russian Military To Drug Trade |newspaper=Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1052682.html |date=May 7, 2004}}</ref> Senior officers arranged transfers by military aircraft.

* [[Border Security Zone of Russia]]

* [[List of awards of independent services of the Russian Federation#Federal Border Service of Russia 1993–2003|Awards of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation]]

* [[Awards of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation#Border Guard Service of the FSB|Awards of the Border Guard Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]]

* [[Khabarovsk Border Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation]]

* 3 October 1923 – Inspektsiya troops GPU – -OGPU.

* 28 May 1918 – Border Guard when Narkomate Finance (later - – in the military and Narkomate Foreign Trade).

* 9 Jun,June 1956 – based GUPV, GUVKO and MAT USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was organized by the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs GUPVV.

* In December 1991 – after the reorganization of KGB, the General Directorate of Border Troops were abolished and formed the Committee for the Protection of the State border of the Soviet Union with the Joint Command of the border forces led by was assigned to the post of chairman of the Committee - – Chief of Soviet border troops.

* In 1993 – Federal Border Service  – GeneralMain Command of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation with the status of federal ministries.

* In 1994 – renamed the Federal Border Service (FPS of Russia).

* 4 May 20022000 – FPS Russia renamedformed the Border Service of the Russian Federation, which consists of specially authorized federal executive body for the Border Service (FPS of Russia), border troops and other organizations.

* 11 March 2003 – Vladimir Putin abolished the function of FPS conveyed to the FSB. FPS of Russia renamed PSthe Russia'sBorder Service of the FSB of Russia since July 1, 2003.

* [[Antonov An-26]]

* [[IlyushinAntonov IlAn-7672]]

* [[Technoavia SM92Ilyushin FinistIl-76]]

===HelicopterHelicopters===

* [[MilKamov MiKa-827]] Hip''Helix''

* Приложение N № 2 к Указу Президента Российской Федерации от 19 июля 1997  г. N № 732 [Annex  2 to N decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 19 Jul, 1997, N No. 732]