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{{More citations needed|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Пограничная служба Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации}}}}
| nativename =
| nativenamea =
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| patchcaption =
| logo = Russian Federation. Emblem of the Border Guard Service of the Federal Security Service.svg
| logocaption = Emblem of the FSB Border Service
| badge =
| badgecaption =
| flag = Флаг ПС ФСБ России.png
| flagcaption = Flag of the FSB Border Service
| imagesize =
| motto =
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| mapcaption =
| sizearea = 20,241 lineal kilometers
| sizepopulation = 170,000 (2017)<ref name="dia.mil">{{cite web|url=https://info.publicintelligence.net/DIA-RussiaMilitaryPower2017.pdf |title=Paper |date=2017 |website=info.publicintelligence.net }}</ref>
| legaljuris =
| governingbody =
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| reference =
}}
The '''Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation''' ('''PS FSB Rossii''') ({{lang-ru|Пограничная служба Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации (ПС ФСБ России)}}) is a branch of the [[
[[Image:Flag of Border Troops of Russia.svg|thumb|right|Flag of the Border Service of the FSB since 2003 and Border Troops of the Federal Border Service until 2003.]]▼
[[Image:Flag of Federal Border Service of Russia.svg|thumb|right|Federal Border Service flag until 2003.]]▼
[[Image:Flag of the Russian Coast Guard.svg|thumb|right|Flag of the Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB.]]▼
The terms '''Border Service of Russia''' ({{lang-ru|Пограничная служба России|link=no}}) and '''Border Force of Russia''' ({{lang-ru|Пограничные войска России|link=no}}) are also common, while in English, the terms "Border Guards" and "Border Troops" are frequently used to designate this service. The Border
▲The '''Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation''' ('''PS FSB Rossii''') ({{lang-ru|Пограничная служба Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации (ПС ФСБ России)}}) is a branch of [[FSB (Russia)|Federal Security Service]] of Russia tasked with patrol of the Russian border.
▲The terms '''Border Service of Russia''' ({{lang-ru|Пограничная служба России}}) and '''Border Force of Russia''' ({{lang-ru|Пограничные войска России}}) are also common, while in English, the terms "Border Guards" and "Border Troops" are frequently used to designate this service. The Border service numbers around 170,000 active members,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://info.publicintelligence.net/DIA-RussiaMilitaryPower2017.pdf |title=Paper |date=2017 |website=info.publicintelligence.net }}</ref> which includes the [[Russian FSB Coast Guard|Russian maritime border guard units]] (i.e., the [[coast guard]]).
==History==
▲[[Image:Flag of Federal Border Service of Russia.svg|thumb|
▲[[Image:Flag of Border Troops of Russia.svg|thumb
▲[[Image:Flag of the Russian Coast Guard.svg|thumb|
===Tsarist and Imperial Russia===
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}
One can trace the origin of the Russian border service to 1571 and the work of Prince [[Mikhail Vorotynsky]] (died 1573) and his [[Great Abatis Border]] built along the southern boundaries of the [[Tsardom of Russia]] in the 16th century.
In 1782 the Empress [[Catherine II of Russia]] established Border Customs Guard units, originally manned by
Count [[Sergei Witte]], the Russian Minister of Finance (1892–1903) in the government of [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]] (reigned 1881–1894), reformed the service on 13 October 1893 into the Independent Border Guards Corps (IBGC – a para-military rather than a civilian organization) headed by an army general and reporting directly to the ministry.
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===Soviet period===
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}
{{main|
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Nkvd 01 bw.jpg|thumb|right|250px|NKVD border guards watching the frontier]] -->
'''Soviet Border Troops''', ({{lang-ru|Пограничные войска СССР
===Modern period===
[[Image:RIAN archive 942200 Border guards of the Federal Security Service pursuing trespassers of the maritime boundary during exercises in Kaliningrad region.jpg|thumb
Following the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], the [[#Old FPS structure|Federal Border
In April 2012 Vladimir Pronichev announced that the country was planning to build 20 frontier posts in the Arctic region. Reasons for this development can be found in the increased abilities to explore hydrocarbon deposits in the north. It will also give Russia an ability to patrol and service the [[Northern Sea Route]].<ref>{{Cite news |title= Russia to create 20 frontier posts in Arctic |url= http://indrus.in/articles/2012/04/16/russia_to_create_20_frontier_posts_in_arctic_15475.html |publisher= Russia & India Report |date= 16 April 2012 |access-date= 29 April 2012}}</ref>
[[File:В Москве на Красной площади состоялся военный парад в ознаменование 76-ой годовщины Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 05.jpg|thumb|
In July 2014 [[Ukraine]] opened a criminal case against the head of the
Vladimir Kulishov claimed in May 2024 that about 70% of the weapons and equipment used by his service is "modern" (100% in the "operationally difficult" directions). He also said that more than 50 types of technical means were taken for supply by the service in 2023-2024, including UAVs, means to detect and counter them, coastal radars and thermal-optical imaging systems. About 150 domestic systems are in use.<ref>{{cite web | title=Российские пограничники используют современное вооружение, заявили в ФСБ | website=Новости MOS.NEWS | url=https://mos.news/news/society/rossiyskie-pogranichniki-ispolzuyut-sovremennoe-vooruzhenie-zayavili-v-fsb/ | language=ru | ref={{sfnref | Новости MOS.NEWS}} | access-date=2024-05-30}}</ref>
==Mission==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}
Responsibilities of the Border
* Defence of the Russian national border, prevention of illegal crossing of the land and sea border by people and goods ([[smuggling]]).
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==Old FPS structure==
[[File:Эмблема погранвойск России.jpg|thumb
'''FPS of Russia''', the '''Federal Border Service''' ({{lang-ru|Федеральная пограничная служба
* Border control;
* Foreign intelligence corps;
* Operational entities engaged in intelligence, counter, operational investigative activities, to ensure its own security system;
* Border guards and other organs of the Border Service, provided by federal law;
▲* FPS Russia [[Border Troops]];
* Military educational institutions, vocational education,
* Companies, institutions, and organizations in Russia under the FPS
==Lineup==
Changes in the regional structure of the Border Service, instead of ten regional border offices (see the
Regional border
* FSB Regional Border Directorate of the
* FSB Regional Border
* FSB Regional Border Directorate of the
* FSB Regional Border Directorate of the
* FSB Regional Border Directorate
*
▲* Regional Border Directorate for the Far Eastern Federal District
As adopted by [[Decree of the President of Russia|presidential decree]] No. 457, dated April 23, 2001, the following educational institutions form part of the BS-FSS:
* Border Forces Academy of the BS-FSS
* Military Medical Institute, the Border Service of Russia's FSB in the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy;
* [[Golitsyno Border Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation|Golitsynsky Military Institute of the Border Service]];
* Kaliningrad Military Institute of the Border Service;
* Kurgan Military Institute of the Border Service;
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Enterprises, institutions and organizations which are subordinate to the Border Service:
* Medical and health institutions;
* Repair plant;
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== Foreign operations ==
[[File:Group of Russian border troops in Tajikistan.svg|thumb|The shoulder patch of the Group of Russian border troops in Tajikistan
=== Armenia ===
The basis for the deployment of Russian border guards in [[Armenia]] is an interstate agreement concluded on September 30, 1992. The border department of the FSB of Russia in Armenia includes four border detachments: one in [[Gyumri]], [[Armavir, Armenia|Armavir]], [[Artashat, Armenia|Artashat]] and [[Meghri]], as well as a separate checkpoint at the [[Zvartnots International Airport]]. The maintenance of about 4.5 thousand Russian border guards in Armenia is financed from the budgets of both states. Russian border guards also guard the borders of Armenia with [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]].<ref>[http://www.rg.ru/2005/07/13/tadjikistan.html Прощание с Пянджем. Российские пограничники покидают Таджикистан]</ref><ref>[http://www.newsru.com/crime/02aug2013/fsbshotarmenborder.html Российские пограничники убили турецкого пастуха, обстрелявшего их на территории Армении].</ref> On 9 May 2024, Russian Presidential spokesman [[Dmitry Peskov]] announced that Russian border guards will continue to serve on Armenia's borders with [[Armenia–Iran border|Iran]] and [[Armenia–Turkey border|Turkey]], at the request of the Armenian side.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.az/news/russian-border-guards-stay-on-armenias-borders-with-iran,-turkiye-kremlin-|title=Russian border guards stay on Armenia's borders with Iran, Türkiye - Kremlin|language=en|date=2024-05-09|publisher=news.az}}</ref>
=== Tajikistan ===
From 1992 to 2005, there was a Group of Russian Border Troops in the Republic of Tajikistan. Border guards were repeatedly and credibly suspected of being involved in the drugs trade across the Tajik-Afghan border.<ref>{{cite
=== Abkhazia ===
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==See also==
* [[Border Security Zone of Russia]]
* [[List of awards of independent services of the Russian Federation#Federal Border Service of Russia 1993–2003|Awards of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation]]
* [[Awards of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation#Border Guard Service of the FSB|Awards of the Border Guard Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]]
* [[Khabarovsk Border Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation]]
==Timeline==
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* 1 April 1921 – The Office of troops VCHK-OGPU.
* 1 December 1922 – The headquarters of the troops OGPU.
* 3 October 1923 – Inspektsiya troops GPU
* 6 November 1926 – The Directorate of Border Guard Troops and OGPU.
* 10 July 1934 – General Directorate of Border and internal security (GUPVO) Soviet NKVD.
* 29 September 1938 – General Directorate of Border and Interior Troops (GUPVV) Soviet NKVD.
On February 2, 1939, 6 separate departments were created within the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops within the NKVD of the USSR:
*Main Directorate for the Protection of Railway Facilities
*Main Directorate for the Protection of Particularly Important Industrial Enterprises
*Main Directorate of Convoy Troops (GUKV) – jointly manned by the Red Army and the NKVD.<ref>David Glantz, ''Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War, 1941–1943'' (2005), 163. {{ISBN|0-7006-1353-6}}</ref>
*Main Military Construction Directorate
▲* The Directorate of Border Troops (GUPV)
▲* General Directorate of Military Supplies (GUVS)
* 9 June 1956 – GUPVV USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
* 2 April 1957 – GUPVV USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was disbanded in connection with the transfer of border troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Soviet KGB when the Soviet Union SM.
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The border troops (Guard):
* 28 May 1918 – Border Guard when Narkomate Finance (later
* 24 November 1920 – features in the GS VCHK-GPU, then to the CGB GPU and the headquarters of a frontier corps (Border Division) headquarters troops OGPU.
* 28 July 1923 – Department of Border Guard GPU, OGPU.
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* 17 October 1949 – GUPV MGB USSR
* 14 March 1953 – GUPV USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs
* 9
* 2 April 1957 – GUPV KGB when the Soviet Union SM.
* 5 July 1978 – GUPV KGB.
* In December 1991 – after the reorganization of KGB, the General Directorate of Border Troops were abolished and formed the Committee for the Protection of the State border of the Soviet Union with the Joint Command of the border forces led by was assigned to the post of chairman of the Committee
* In 1992 – a Border troops of the Russian Federation, which have been subordinated to the Ministry of Security.
* In 1993 – Federal Border Service
* In 1994 – renamed the Federal Border Service (FPS of Russia).
* 4 May
* 11 March 2003 – Vladimir Putin abolished the function of FPS conveyed to the FSB. FPS of Russia renamed
==Equipment==
===Aircraft===
* [[Antonov An-26]]
* [[
* [[
* [[Technoavia SM92 Finist]]
===
* [[
* [[Mil Mi-8]] ''Hip''
* [[Mil Mi-24]] ''Hind''
* [[Mil Mi-26]] ''Halo''
===Firearms===
[[File:ДШМГ 32-го ПОГО.jpg|thumb|Russian border guards with a [[SVD (rifle)|SVD]] and {{nowrap|[[AKS-74]]s}} (in the photo, one of them is equipped with a {{nowrap|[[GP-25]]}}); Air Assault Maneuver Group of the 32nd Novorossiysk Border Detachment of the FSB North Caucasus Regional Border Directorate, 2004]]
*[[KS-23]] (And variants)*▼
* [[PKM machine gun]]
* [[SVD (rifle)|SVD]]
* [[AK-74|AK-74 series of rifles]] + [[GP-25]]/[[GP-30|30]]/[[GP-34|34]] (options)
== References ==
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==Sources==
*Лубянка. Lubyanka. Органы ВЧК-ОГПУ-НКВД-НКГБ-МГБ-МВД-КГБ 1917–1991. Справочник, документы (Международный фонд Демократия, Москва 2003) - Authorities VCHK-OGPU-NKVD-NKGB-MGB-MVD-KGB 1917–1991. Reference documents (International Fund for Democracy, Moscow 2003)
* Приложение
==External links==
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