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{{short description|Component of the US Army and military of the U.S. state of Rhode Island}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=
|image=
|image_size= 220px
|caption= Shoulder sleeve insignia of the Rhode Island State Area Command (STARC)
|dates=1638 – Present
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance= [[Rhode Island]]
|branch= [[United States Army]]
|type= ARNG Headquarters Command
|role=
|size=
|command_structure=[[Rhode Island National Guard]]
|current_commander=
|garrison= 2841 South County Trail, East Greenwich, RI 02818
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
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|colors=
|march=
|battles=
|notable_commanders=
|anniversaries=
}}
The '''Rhode Island Army National Guard''' (RIARNG) is the land force [[militia]] for the U.S. state of [[Rhode Island]]. It operates under [[Title 10 of the United States Code|Title 10]] and [[Title 32 of the United States Code|Title 32]] of the [[United States Code]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/usc_sup_01_10.html|title=Cornell University Law School
Units of the Rhode Island Army National Guard may be called up for federal service
The President may also call up members and units of the Rhode Island Army National Guard, with the consent of the state governor, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or execute federal laws if the United States or any of its states or territories are invaded or is in danger of invasion by a foreign nation, or if there's a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the authority of the federal government, or if the President is unable with the regular armed forces to execute the laws of the United States.
The Rhode Island Army National Guard is a component of the [[United States Army]] and the [[United States National Guard]] and is maintained by the [[National Guard Bureau]]. Members and units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same [[Military rank|ranks]] and
== History ==
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===Colonial era===
Note
The Rhode Island National Guard traces it origins to the earliest known colonial defensive force which was formed on May 13, 1638, and called the "Traine Band", in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The new force was founded as, “Freemen as a militia subject to call and expected to perform certain military duties in the protection of the people.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://states.ng.mil/sites/RI/army/history/default.aspx|title=History of the Rhode Island Army National Guard|
During the Colonial era, the organization of the '''Rhode Island Militia''' was fairly simple. Each town had at least one militia company commanded by a captain or a lieutenant. In May 1673 future governor [[John Cranston (governor)|John Cranston]] was appointed "captain in chief of the Colony Military Force". In 1675 Cranston was promoted to major.
In 1683 the town companies were organized into two regiments
In 1714 the Militia of the Island was designated the 1st Regiment and the Militia of the Main Land was designated the 2nd Regiment. The 1st Regiment consisted of six companies and the 2nd Regiment had nine companies. The number of companies in each town varied with its population with Newport and Providence having three apiece. In 1719 the rank of the regimental commanders was increased to colonel.
In 1731, a regiment was formed for each of the three then existing counties
===American Revolution===
The Rhode Island Militia undertook its first military actions against England on July 19, 1769, when they sunk the British schooner [[HMS Liberty (1768)|HMS Liberty]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]]. Three years later, on the night of June 10, 1772, now under Captain [[Abraham Whipple|Abraham Whipple's]] command, the militia [[Gaspée Affair|seized and burned]] the British schooner {{HMS|Gaspée|1763|6}} in [[Narragansett Bay]]. On April 22, 1775, following the [[Battles of Lexington and Concord]] in Massachusetts, the Rhode Island General Assembly created a 1,500 man "Army of Observation" under the command of Brigadier General [[Nathanael Greene]] and sent them to Boston to serve in the new [[Continental Army]] under General [[George Washington]]. Major General [[James Mitchell Varnum]] was also involved in the war effort. In July 1777, Captain [[William Barton (soldier)|William Barton]], with a hand-picked force, kidnapped British General [[Richard Prescott]] from [[Newport, Rhode Island]] and 3,000 enemy soldiers, in order to have someone high enough to swap to get captured American General [[Charles Lee (general)|Charles Lee]] back from the British.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allthingsliberty.com/2016/01/the-organization-of-the-rhode-island-militia-1774-1783/|title=Organization of the Rhode Island Militia, 1774–1783|access-date=August 9, 2019|author=Robertson, John K.}}</ref>
Over twenty Rhode Island units had fought for independence including the [[1st Rhode Island Regiment|First Rhode Island Continentals]] who [[Siege of Yorktown|stood]] at [[Yorktown, Virginia|Yorktown]] for the surrender of British General [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Cornwallis]]. After the war, the militia reorganized into five brigades: the Bristol County, the Kent County, the Newport County, the Providence County, and the Washington County Brigades.
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===American Civil War===
With the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, Rhode Island Militia units formed the ten line companies of the [[1st Rhode Island Infantry|1st Rhode Island Detached
===Post-Civil War===
After the Civil War, the RI Militia underwent a major re-organization which organized the units into a brigade consisting of two
During the Spanish–American War, a regiment consisting of three battalions of four companies each was mobilized and called the 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry. In addition to the 1st RIVI, two artillery batteries were mobilized. None of these units were sent overseas.
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The greatest turning point in the history of the Rhode Island National Militia, and all other state militias, was the passage of the [[Militia Act of 1903]]. This act, also known as the Dick Act, was passed with the support of Secretary of War [[Elihu Root]], who sought to reform the United States Army. The key provision of the Dick Act was that state militia forces would receive federal funding for paying their members as well providing equipment in exchange for adhering to the federal standards of training and organization. State militia forces adhering to federal standards were called the [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] to distinguish them from more traditional militia forces.
The Rhode Island Militia was officially re-designated as the Rhode Island National Guard
A few of the chartered units of the Rhode Island Militia chose not to convert to National Guard units. This was mostly because they would be denied the privilege of electing their own officers. These units included the [[Artillery Company of Newport]],
The position of commanding general of the militia was combined with that of the state adjutant general so the position of adjutant general was transformed from having only administrative responsibilities to having command authority over the units of the National Guard.
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===Mexican intervention and First World War===
In 1916, Light Battery "A", Rhode Island Field Artillery, was called into federal service on June 19, 1916, for duty with [[General John J. Pershing]] to fight against [[Pancho Villa]] during the [[Mexican Expedition]]. The following year, Battery "A", Rhode Island Field Artillery, expanded to form the 1st Battalion, [[103rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|103d Field Artillery]], an element of the [[26th Infantry Division (United States)|26th "Yankee" Division]] during [[World War I]].
The 103d was shipped to France with the 26th Division and saw action in the Champagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne campaigns in 1918.
The [[United States Army Coast Artillery Corps|coast artillery]] companies, which were descended from infantry units, were also mobilized in 1917 and were used to garrison [[Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay|Rhode Island's coast defense forts]] for the duration of the war.
Most Rhode Island units were demobilized in December 1918 following the signing of the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|Armistice]] with Germany on November 11.
===Second World War===
During [[World War II]], the majority of the Rhode Island National Guard units belonged to the [[43rd Infantry Division (United States)|
===Korean War===
During the [[Korean War]], the Rhode Island National Guard had units serving with the [[43rd Infantry Division (United States)|43rd Infantry Division]], which was mobilized for service in Germany, and the
===Vietnam===
During the U.S. [[Vietnam
===Post-Vietnam===
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The Great Blizzard of 1978, which occurred on February 6, 1978, caused the largest mobilization of Rhode Island Guard units since the Korean War. Guardsmen assisted stranded motorists as well as in snow removal and providing emergency transportation.
The [[103rd Field Artillery Brigade]] was formed within the RI ARNG in 1979, and in 1984-85, consisted of the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 103rd Field Artillery Regiment.<ref>Isby and Kamps 1985, 385.</ref>
===Gulf War===
During [[Gulf War#Operation Desert Shield|Operation Desert Shield]] and [[Desert Storm]] the Rhode Island National Guard had four units mobilized for duty. The [[143rd Airlift Wing]], out of Quonset Point, flew military airlift mission from the U.S. into Europe transporting passengers and cargo. The
===Interim 1991 to 2001===
The only extended overseas deployment of Rhode Island National Guard soldiers in this period was when the 119th Military Police Company was deployed to the Kapos Airbase in Taszar, [[Hungary]] from August 2000 to March 2001. It was a subordinate unit of the
===Global War on Terrorism / Operation Iraqi Freedom===
[[File:115th MP Company doing a vehicle search in Fallujah.jpg|thumb|Rhode Island Army National
The current War on Terror has seen the largest levels of mobilization and deployment of Rhode Island National Guard troops since the Second World War.
In early 2002 the Headquarters and Headquarters Company of the 43d Military Police Brigade was mobilized and sent to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to provide the nucleus of the Headquarters for [[Joint Task Force 160]] (JTF 160) in charge of detention of illegal combatants detained in operations in Afghanistan. JTF 160 was responsible for opening Camp Delta which was a detention facility which was a great improvement over Camp X-Ray where detainees were kept initially.
In February 2003 the 118th Military Police Battalion, along with its subordinate units the 115th and 119th Military Police companies, was mobilized and sent to Kuwait, and later Iraq. The units were overseas from April 2003 to April 2004. Two soldiers from the 115th Military Police Company were killed in action and another in an accident. The 115th MP Company received the prestigious [[Valorous Unit Award]] for its combat service in Fallujah in 2003.
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From 2003 to 2011 every unit of the Rhode Island National Guard, with the exception of the 88th Army Band and the Joint Forces Headquarters, would be mobilized at least once for service in either Iraq or Afghanistan.
According to the RING and RIEMA (Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency) Annual Report 2008, on 6 September 2008, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company of the 103rd Field Artillery Brigade and one of its component units, the 1043rd Maintenance Company, were to inactivate on 6 September 2008.
===COVID-19 Pandemic Response Efforts===
[[File:Rhode Island National Guard (49866780841).jpg|thumb|right|National Guard perform multiple tasks at a COVID-19 test site at [[Rhode Island College]] in May 2020]]
During the beginning of the pandemic Governor [[Gina Raimondo]] ordered the Rhode Island National Guard and the [[Rhode Island State Police]] to stop motorists with New York license plates, as well as move door-to-door to find people who may have traveled recently from New York, to ask them to quarantine. Also anyone who had moved from New York state to Rhode Island in the past two weeks were asked to self-quarantine for 14 days in order to help stop the spread of the virus in Rhode Island.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rhode Island police, Guard stopping incoming New Yorkers to force quarantine|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/rhode-island-police-troops-stopping-incoming-new-yorkers-force-quarantine-n1171106|publisher=Phil McCausland|access-date= May 23, 2021|date=May 28, 2020}}</ref>
Upon EUA approval of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, the Rhode Island National Guard was called upon by the Governor to develop a task force to plan for and execute the mass vaccination of the state of Rhode Island. From January through June 2021, Task Force Vax oversaw the administration of more than 336,000 vaccines to residents of Rhode Island, accounting for roughly 30% of all vaccinations administered within the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rhode Island National Guard helps administer COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://turnto10.com/news/local/rhode-island-national-helps-administer-covid-19-vaccine|publisher=Christina Vitale|access-date=22 May 2021|date=14 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rhode Island National Guard helps administer COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/columns/2021/02/24/ri-national-guard-makes-sure-vaccine-effort-runs-smoothly/4566828001/|publisher=Mark Patinkin|access-date=22 May 2021|date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
== Strategic plan ==
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'''Vision:'''
A ready, relevant, and reliable force of Citizen Soldiers capable of conducting full-spectrum operations in joint and interagency environments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://states.ng.mil/sites/RI/Documents/UPDATED%20-%20Strategic%20Plan%20Command%20Goals%20and%20Objectives.ppt|title= Rhode Island National Guard Strategic Plan 2009-2018|
== Units of the Rhode Island Army National Guard circa 2015 ==
* [[File:43MPBdeSSI.svg|30x30px]][[43rd Military Police Brigade]] (43rd MPB)
** Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 43rd Military Police Brigade
** [[File:118MPBnDUI.jpg|26x26px]]118th Military Police Battalion
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment (HHD), 118th Military Police Battalion
*** 115th Military Police Company
*** 169th Military Police Company
** [[File:103rd Field ARtillery Regiment.jpg|26x26px]][[103rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion,
*** Headquarters and Service Battery
***
***
***
*** 1207th Forward Support Company
* [https://ri.ng.mil/Army-Units/ 56th Troop Command]
** Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment (HHD), 56th Troop Command – East Greenwich
** [[File:126 Avn Rgt DUI.png|26x26px]][[1st General Support Aviation Battalion, 126th Aviation Regiment|1st Battalion (General Support), 126th Aviation Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ri.ng.mil/army/56tc/126/SitePages/Home.aspx|title=1st Battalion, 126th Aviation Regiment|publisher=Rhode Island National Guard|date=December 25, 2016|access-date=December 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226054736/http://ri.ng.mil/army/56tc/126/SitePages/Home.aspx|archive-date=December 26, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> – Quonset Point
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
**** Detachment 1
*** Company A
*** Company D
**** Detachment 1 at Quonset Armory
*** Company E
**** Detachment 1 at Quonset Armory
*** Company F (UH-60A)
**** Detachment 2 at Quonset Armory
** Detachment 23, Operational Support Airlift Command – Quonset Point
** [[File:United States Army Special Forces SSI (1958-2015).png|39x39px]]Company A, 2nd Battalion, [[19th Special Forces Group]] – Middletown
** [[File:182 Inf Rgt DUI.jpg|28x28px]]Company A, 1st Battalion, [[182nd Infantry Regiment]] – Camp Fogarty, East Greenwich
** [[File:143 Inf Rgt DUI.png|30x30px]][http://ri.ng.mil/army/56tc/143/SitePages/Home.aspx Company C], 1st Battalion (Airborne), [[143rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|143rd Infantry Regiment]] – Camp Fogarty, East Greenwich
** 861st Engineer Company – Camp Fogarty, East Greenwich
** 88th Army Band – Camp Fogarty, East Greenwich
* 56th Quartermaster Rigger Support Team
Independent Units:
*
* 13th Civil Support Team (WMD) – Camp Fogarty, East Greenwich
* RIARNG Recruiting and Retention Command – Cranston
* [[243rd Coast Artillery (United States)|243d Regiment (Regional Training Institute)]] – Camp Varnum, Narragansett
* Rhode Island Medical Detachment – Providence, RI
* 110th [[Public affairs (military)|Public Affairs Detachment]] – Cranston
==Adjutants General of Rhode Island==
* Brigadier General [[Elisha Dyer|Elisha Dyer, Sr.]], 1840–1845 (also served as Governor of Rhode Island)
* Brigadier General [[Elisha Dyer
* Brigadier General
* Brigadier General [[
*
* Major General [[Leonard Holland]], January 1961 – August 1983 (longest serving Adjutant General of Rhode Island)
* Major General John W. Kiely, 1983–1990
* Major General
* Major General Reginald Centracchio,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://capitolwords.org/date/2005/09/13/S9982_recognition-of-the-retirement-of-major-general-reg/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221134032/http://capitolwords.org/date/2005/09/13/S9982_recognition-of-the-retirement-of-major-general-reg/| url-status=dead| archive-date=2013-12-21|title=Reginald Centracchio}}</ref> 1 August 1995 – 1 September 2005
* Major General Robert T. Bray,<ref>[http://www.nationalguard.mil/portals/31/Features/ngbgomo/bio/9/981.html Robert T. Bray]</ref> 17 February 2006 – 1 July 2011
* Major General
* Major General
==See also==
* [[Rhode Island Air National Guard]]
* [[Rhode Island Naval Militia]]
* [[Rhode Island State Guard]]
* [[Rhode Island Independent Military Organizations]]
* [[List of United States militia units in the American Revolutionary War]]
==References==
{{reflist|
==External links==
{{commons category|Rhode Island Army National Guard}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140319071031/http://states.ng.mil/SITES/RI/Pages/Default.aspx Rhode Island National Guard official homepage]
* [http://www.history.army.mil/ARNG/NG-RI.htm Bibliography of Rhode Island Army National Guard History] compiled by the [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
{{NGbystate}}
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