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{{Short description|Romanian engineer and politician}}
'''Gheorghe Gaston Marin''' (April 14, 1918, [[Chișineu-Criș]] – February 25, 2010, [[Bucharest]]) was a [[Romania]]n [[Communism|communist]] politician who had many roles under [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] and [[Nicolae
He was born into a wealthy [[History of the Jews in Romania|Jewish]] family in northern [[Transylvania]].{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=547}} In his youth, he was a member of [[Poalei Zion]]. In 1936, he moved to [[Paris]] to study mathematics and physics at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]].{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=547}} Marin studied electrical [[engineering]] at [[Grenoble]], [[France]] between 1938 and 1940. Like most other Romanian Jews, he lost his Romanian citizenship in 1938. In 1940, he served with the [[French Army]].{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=547}} In 1940, [[Northern Transylvania]] was transferred under the [[Second Vienna Award]] from Romania to Hungary, and as such his parents and siblings came under Hungarian rule.
A member of the [[French Resistance]], he was given charge of the [[FTP-MOI]]'s south-western region. He began his resistance career in Lyons and later moved to Toulouse.{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=547}} He adopted as his alias Gaston Marin, which after the war he took as his surname.{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=547}} Finally, he moved to work with the miners of Carmaux, long famous in France for their militancy.{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=547}} In July 1944 he instigated the revolt at the [[Tarn (department)|Tarn]] mines, one of the first steps in the French liberation from [[Military history of France during World War II|German occupation]]. In August 1944, Gaston liberated the French city of [[Carmaux]], capturing 120 German soldiers. A few days later, he also liberated [[Albi]], the capital of the Tarn region. Upon his return to Romania, he learned that in 1944 his entire family had been deported by the Hungarian authorities to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]], where all of them had been exterminated.{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=546}}
After the start of [[Communist Romania]], he became Councillor of the Romanian [[Cabinet (government)|Council of Ministers]] in 1945–1949 and Minister of the Economy in 1948–49; he was part of Romania's [[delegation]] to the [[Paris Peace Treaties, 1947|Paris Peace Conference]]. From 1949 to 1954, Gaston Marin was Minister of Electrical Energy and Electrical Industry, and then, up to 1965, President of the [[Planned economy|Planning]] Committee. In 1955–1966, he served as President of State Committee for Nuclear Energy, and was (1962–1969) Vice-president of the Ministerial council, as well as Minister of Metallurgy, Mining, Chemistry, Transport and Telecommunications, Building, Chemical Industry, and National Trading.▼
▲After the start of [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Communist Romania]], he became Councillor of the Romanian [[Cabinet (government)|Council of Ministers]] in 1945–1949 and Minister of the Economy in
In 1963, after attending [[John F. Kennedy]]'s funeral, he established [[diplomatic relations]] with the [[Western world]], including the [[United States]].{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} Those steps were highly encouraged by the US government and US President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], and gained Romania a privileged communist country status.▼
▲In 1963, after attending [[John F. Kennedy]]'s funeral, he established [[diplomatic relations]] with the [[Western world]], including the [[United States]].{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} Those steps were highly encouraged by the
From 1969 to 1982, Marin was President of the [[Pricing]] Committee, until being removed from official positions by Ceaușescu, being by far the last Gheorghiu-Dej supporter to be eliminated from the Romanian government.▼
▲From 1969 to 1982, Marin was President of the
In his youth, he was a member of [[Poalei Zion]] and, in the 1980s, made [[aliyah]] (emigrated to [[Israel]]), but returned to Romania. In his 2000 memoirs, he announced his conversion from Communism to Zionism, writing: "Appreciating the end of the communist regimes and the grave attacks on ethics and morality propagated by communism, I now consider that Zionism, Herzl’s dream, remains today an urgent necessity for the Jewish people. In reality, even after the Second World War, the propagation of antisemitism begins to appear in all the countries of the world. Only in the ''Judenstadt'', a land of the Jews, which has been founded as the result of the heroic struggle of the sons of this people, can it be sure of a genuine homeland, the defence and the protection of the Jewish people".{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=554-555}}▼
▲In
He had three, or more, children: Ileana, Jackie (married to Radu Osman, emigrated to Israel), and son Minu (physicist at [[MIT]], born in France, deceased).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/cultura/aldine/bizantinism-si-revolutie-44510.html|title=Bizantinism si revolutie|publisher=[[România liberă]]|language=Romanian|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contributors.ro/politica-doctrine/cine-a-fost-nicu-ceausescu-ispita-comunismului-dinastic-ii/|title=Cine a fost Nicu Ceausescu? Ispita comunismului dinastic (II)|publisher=Contributirs.ro|language=Romanian|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref>▼
In ''L’Affaire Manouchian'', he defended [[Boris Holban]] against the allegation that he was the police informer who betrayed [[Missak Manouchian]]. In his memoirs he criticized the thesis of [[Stéphane Courtois]] and Mosco Boucault put forward in their 1985 documentary ''Des terroristes à la retraite'' (''Terrorists in Retirement''), stating : "It is asserted or suggested that certain arrests of MOI resisters were made thanks to French resisters. According to ‘witnesses’, the PCF broke relations with the MOI and dislocated in various regions MOI cadres with a view to paralysing their activity...The protagonists with such opinions do not know or forget the strict rules of illegality, the necessity to break links in order to prevent, via ''filature'', the pursuit and fall of a part of or all of an organisation. The absence of Holban from the leadership of the FTP-MOI in the Paris region, during a period when he asked to be moved to another region, has been used in a wide press, television and cinema campaign to tarnish this hero of the Resistance, making him responsible for the fall and execution of the ''Groupe Manouchian'', when the culprit was the traitor Davidowicz, condemned and executed by the Resistance."{{sfn|Bowd|2014|p=550-551}}
▲He had three, or more, children: Ileana, Jackie (married to Radu Osman, emigrated to Israel), and son Minu (physicist at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], born in France, deceased).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/cultura/aldine/bizantinism-si-revolutie-44510.html|title=Bizantinism si revolutie|publisher=[[România liberă]]|language=Romanian|
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Gheorghe Gaston Marin, ''În serviciul României lui Gheorghiu-Dej. Însemnări din viață.'', Ed. Evenimentul Românesc, București, 2000.
==Books and
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040525120643/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/supliment2.asp A Romanian-American Partnership during the Cold War]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100301012410/http://www.jurnalul.ro/stire-observator/a-murit-gaston-marin-dirijorul-electrificarii-romaniei-537131.html A murit Gaston Marin, dirijorul
*{{in lang|ro}} [https://archive.today/20120803162520/http://www.jurnalul.ro/jurnalul-national/cu-gaston-marin-despre-rezistenta-franceza-ceausescu-electrificare-canal-kremlin-casa-alba-537159.htm Interview]
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