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The '''North Island''', also officially named '''''Te Ika-a-Māui''''',<ref>{{cite news |title=Two official options for NZ island names |url= https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11138153 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |agency=APNZ |date=10 October 2013 |access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> is one of the two main [[islands of New Zealand]], separated from the larger but less populous [[South Island]] by [[Cook Strait]]. With an area of {{cvt|113729|km2}},<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/nzstories.nsf/092edeb76ed5aa6bcc256afe0081d84e/54e50d25aff60a7bcc256b1e007adcb6?OpenDocument |title=Quick Facts – Land and Environment : Geography – Physical Features |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |year=2000 |access-date=13 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130408074526/http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/nzstories.nsf/092edeb76ed5aa6bcc256afe0081d84e/54e50d25aff60a7bcc256b1e007adcb6?OpenDocument |archive-date=8 April 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> it is the [[List of islands by area|world's 14th-largest island]], constituting
Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are [[Whangārei]], [[Auckland]], [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]], [[Tauranga]], [[Rotorua]], [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]], [[New Plymouth]], [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]], [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]], [[Whanganui]], [[Palmerston North]], and New Zealand's capital city [[Wellington]], which is located at the south-west tip of the island.
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==Naming and usage==
Although the island has been known as the North Island for many years, the Māori name for it is Te Ika-a-Māui. On some 19th-century maps, the North Island is named [[New Ulster]], which was also a [[Provinces of New Zealand|province of New Zealand]] that included the North Island. In 2009 the [[New Zealand Geographic Board]] found that, along with the South Island, the North Island had no official name.<ref name=LINZ2009>{{cite web |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/about-geographic-board/nzgb-news-notices/2009/0421-alternative-maori-names |title=The New Zealand Geographic Board Considers North and South Island Names |date=21 April 2009 |publisher=Land Information New Zealand |access-date=28 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214154742/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/about-geographic-board/nzgb-news-notices/2009/0421-alternative-maori-names |archive-date=14 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> After a public consultation, the board officially named
In prose, the two main islands of New Zealand are called ''the North Island'' and ''the South Island'', with the definite article.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Williamson |first1=Maurice |title=Names of NZ's two main islands formalised |url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/names-nz%E2%80%99s-two-main-islands-formalised |website=Beehive.govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand Government |access-date=10 April 2020 |date=11 October 2013}}</ref> It is also normal to use the [[preposition]] ''in'' rather than ''on'', for example "Hamilton is in the North Island", "my mother lives in the North Island".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/n ''Guardian'' and ''Observer'' style guide: N ("New Zealand")]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121124004/http://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/n |date=21 January 2014 }}. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 15 April 2019.</ref> Maps, headings, tables, and adjectival expressions use ''North Island'' without "the".
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== Geography ==
{{main|Geography of the North Island}}
[[File:New Zealand North Island.png|thumb|The North Island, in relation to the South Island and Stewart Island]]
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The North Island has an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|North Island regions|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}.{{NZ population data 2018||||y}}
The North Island had a population of 3,808,005 at the [[2023 New Zealand census]], an increase of 213,453 people (5.9%) since the [[2018 New Zealand census|2018 census]], and an increase of 570,957 people (17.6%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census|2013 census]]. Of the total population, 733,893 people (19.3%) were aged under 15 years, 743,154 (19.5%) were 15 to 29, 1,721,427 (45.2%) were 30 to 64, and 609,534 (16.0%) were 65 or older.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=2023 Census population counts (by ethnic group, age, and Māori descent) and dwelling counts {{!}} Stats NZ |url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2023-census-population-counts-by-ethnic-group-age-and-maori-descent-and-dwelling-counts/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.stats.govt.nz}}</ref>
Ever since the conclusion of the [[Otago Gold Rush|Otago Goldrush]] in the 1860s, New Zealand's European population growth has experienced a steady [[Drift to the north|'Northern drift']] as population centres in the North Island have grown faster than those of New Zealand's South Island. This population trend has continued into the twenty-first century, but at a much slower rate. While the North Island's population continues to grow faster than the South Island, this is solely due to the North Island having higher natural increase (i.e. births minus deaths) and international migration; since the late 1980s, the internal migration flow has been from the North Island to the South Island.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-26 |title=New Zealand's population is drifting north |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/mythbusters/the-drift-north.aspx |access-date=2021-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126205920/http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/mythbusters/the-drift-north.aspx |archive-date=26 January 2015}}</ref> In the year to June 2020, the North Island gained 21,950 people from natural increase and 62,710 people from international migration, while losing 3,570 people from internal migration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subnational population component changes and median age (RC, TA), at 30 June === Culture and identity ===
At the
Māori form the majority in three districts of the North Island: [[Kawerau]] (63.2%), [[Ōpōtiki District|Ōpōtiki]] (66.2%) and [[Wairoa District|Wairoa]] (68.5%). Europeans formed the plurality in the Auckland region (49.8%) and are the majority in the remaining 39 districts.<ref name=":03" />
The proportion of North Islanders born overseas
===Cities and towns===
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==Economy==
The sub-national GDP of the North Island was estimated at
== Governance ==
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==Healthcare==
{{See also|
Healthcare in the North Island is provided by fifteen [[District Health Board (New Zealand)|District Health Boards (DHBs)]]. Organised around geographical areas of varying population sizes, they are not coterminous with the [[Regions of New Zealand|Local Government Regions]].
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