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{{Short description|American communication theorist and sociologist}}
{{Tone|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Everett M. Rogers
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| birth_name = Everett Mitchell Rogers
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|3|6}}
| birth_place = [[Carroll, Iowa]], US
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|10|21|1931|7|3}}
| death_place = [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], US
| education = B.S., [[Iowa State University]]<br />M.S.(BS, [[Iowa State University]]<br />Ph.D.MS, [[Iowa State University]]PhD)
| resting_place =
| occupation = Distinguished Professor, Researcher, Educator, Consultant
| language = [[English language|English]]
| alma_mater = [[Iowa State University]]
| period =
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| spouse = Corinne Shefner-Rogers
| partner =
| children = David Rogers, Everett King2
| relatives =
| awards =
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}}
'''Everett M. "Ev" Rogers''' (March 6, 1931 – October 21, 2004) was an eminent American communication theorist and sociologist, who originated the ''[[diffusion of innovations]]'' theory and introduced the term ''[[early adopter]]''.{{Cn|date=April 2023}} He was Distinguisheddistinguished Professorprofessor Emeritusemeritus in the Departmentdepartment of Communicationcommunication and Journalismjournalism at the [[University of New Mexico]].<ref>Everett M. Rogers, ''The Fourteenth Paw: Growing up on an Iowa Farm in the 1930s'', Singapore: Asian Media Information and Communication Center, 2008, pp. xi-xii.</ref><ref>James W. Dearing and Arvind Singhal, "Communication of Innovations: A Journey with Ev Rogers," in Arvind Singhal and James W. Dearing (Eds.), ''Communication of Innovations: A Journey with Ev Rogers'', New Delhi, India: Sage, 2006, p. 21.</ref>
 
==Education and career==
Rogers was born on his family's Pinehurst Farm in [[Carroll, Iowa|Carroll]], [[Iowa]], in 1931. His father loved electromechanical farm innovations, but was highly reluctant to utilize biological–chemical innovations, so he resisted adopting the new hybrid seed corn, even though it yielded 25% more crop and was resistant to drought. During the Iowa drought of 1936, while the hybrid seed corn stood tall on the neighbor's farm, the crop on the Rogers' farm wilted. Rogers' father was finally convinced.<ref>Thomas E. Backer and Arvind Singhal (Eds.), "Forum: The Life and Work of Everett Rogers—Some Personal Reflections," ''Journal of Health Communication'', Vol. 10, No. 4, 2005, pp. 285-308.</ref>
 
Rogers had no plans to attend university until a school teacher drove him and some classmates to [[Ames, Iowa|Ames]] to visit [[Iowa State University]]. Rogers decided to pursue a degree there. He received a B.S. in Agricultureagriculture in 1952. He then served in the Korean War for two years (1952-19541952–1954). He returned to Iowa State University to earn a M.S. in 1955 and a Ph.D. in 1957 both in Ruralrural Sociologysociology. <ref name="Diffu-Innov-2003">{{cite book | title=Diffusion of Innovations
| first=Everett M. | last=Rogers | edition=5th | location=New York, NY | publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]] | date=2003 | pages=xv-xxi
| title-link=Diffusion of Innovations }}
}}
</ref>
 
Rogers held faculty positions at [[Ohio State University]] (1957–63), [[Michigan State University]] (1964-19731964–1973), and the [[University of Michigan]] (1973-19751973–1975). He was the Janet M. Peck Professor of International Communication at [[Stanford University]] (1975-19851975–1985) and the Walter H. Annenberg Professor and Associateassociate Deandean for Doctoraldoctoral Studiesstudies in the Annenberg School for Communication at the [[University of Southern California]] (1985-19931985–1993).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://annenberg.usc.edu/events/around-usc-annenberg/everett-m-rogers-award-colloquium|title=Everett M. Rogers Award Colloquium|website=annenberg.usc.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-03-16|archive-date=2018-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152428/https://annenberg.usc.edu/events/around-usc-annenberg/everett-m-rogers-award-colloquium|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
As Fulbright Lecturer, Rogers taught the [[National University of Colombia]] in Bogotá (1963-19641963–1964) and at the [[University of Paris]] in France (1981). He was also Distinguisheddistinguished Visitingvisiting Professorprofessor at [[New Mexico State University]] (1977), Visitingvisiting Professorprofessor at [[Ibero-American University]] in Mexico (1979), Ludwig Erhard Professor at the [[University of Bayreuth]] in Germany (1996), Wee Kim Wee Professor (1998) and Nanyang Professor (2000-20012000–2001) at [[Nanyang Technological University]] in Singapore, and Visitingvisiting Professorprofessor at [[Johns Hopkins University]] (1999-20001999–2000). He served as Presidentpresident of the [[International Communication Association]] (1980-19811980–1981) and Fellowfellow at the [[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] in Stanford, California (1991-19921991–1992).<ref>Molefi Kete Asante, Yoshitaka Miike, and Jing Yin, "Dedication: In Honor of Dr. Everett M. Rogers (1931-2004)," in Molefi Kete Asante, Yoshitaka Miike, and Jing Yin (Eds.), ''The Global Intercultural Communication Reader'' (2nd Ed.), New York, NY: Routledge, 2014, pp. x-xi.</ref>
 
In 1993, Rogers moved to the University of New Mexico as Chairchair of the Departmentdepartment of Communicationcommunication and Journalismjournalism. He had become fond of Albuquerque while he was stationed at an airbase during the Korean War. He helped the UNM launch a doctoral program in [[communication studies|communication]] with a special emphasis on cross-cultural and intercultural contexts.<ref>Ronny Adhikarya, "A Personal Tribute to Everett Rogers," ''Media Asia'', Vol. 31, No. 3, 2004, p. 123.</ref> Rogers suffered from kidney disease and retired from the UNM in the summer of 2004. He died a few months later, survived by his wife, Dr. Corinne Shefner-Rogers, and two sons: David Rogers and Everett King. During his 47-year academic career, Rogers authored more than 30 books and over 500 articles.<ref>Molefi Kete Asante, Yoshitaka Miike, and Jing Yin, "Dedication: In Honor of Dr. Everett M. Rogers (1931-2004)," in Molefi Kete Asante, Yoshitaka Miike, and Jing Yin (Eds.), ''The Global Intercultural Communication Reader'' (2nd Ed.), New York, NY: Routledge, 2014, p. x.</ref>
 
==Diffusion of innovations==
[[File:Diffusionofideas.PNG|thumb|330px|The diffusion of innovations according to Rogers. With successive groups of consumers adopting the new technology (shown in blue), its market share (yellow) will eventually reach the saturation level.]]
When the first edition of ''[[Diffusion of Innovations]]'' was published in 1962, Rogers was an assistant professor of rural sociology at Ohio State University. He was only 31 years old but wasand becoming a renowned academic figure.<ref>Arvind Singhal and Margaret M. Quinlan, "Everett M. Rogers and Diffusion of Innovations," in Don W. Stacks and Michael B. Salwen (Eds.), ''An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research'' (2nd Ed.), New York, NY: Routeldge, 2009, p. 432.</ref> In the mid-2000s, ''The Diffusion of Innovations'' became the second most-cited book in the social sciences. (Arvind Singhal: ''Introducing Professor Everett M. Rogers, 47th Annual Research Lecturer, University of New Mexico'') [http://www.unm.edu/%7ecjdept/department/news1.html]. The fifth edition (2003, with Nancy Singer Olaguera) addresses the spread of the Internet, and how it has transformed the way human beings communicate and adopt new ideas.
 
Rogers proposes that adopters of any new [[innovation]] or idea can be categorized as innovators (2.5%), [[early adopter]]s (13.5%), early majority (34%), late majority (34%) and laggards (16%), based on the mathematically based [[Gaussian function|Bell curve]]. These categories, based on standard deviations from the mean of the normal curve, provide a common language for innovation researchers. Each adopter's willingness and ability to adopt an innovation depends on their awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. People can fall into different categories for different innovations—a farmer might be an early adopter of mechanical innovations, but a late majority adopter of biological innovations or [[VCR]]s.
 
When graphed, the rate of adoption formed what came to typify the Diffusion of Innovations model, a [[logisticsigmoid function|logisticsigmoid curve]]). The graph shows a cumulative percentage of adopters over time–slow at the start, more rapid as adoption increases, then leveling off until only a small percentage of laggards have not adopted.<ref>Everett M. Rogers, ''Diffusion of Innovation'' (3rd Ed.), New York, NY: Free Press, 1983.</ref>
 
His research and work became widely accepted in [[Communication studies|communications]] and [[technology adoption]] studies, and also found its way into a variety of other [[social science]] studies. Rogers was also able to relate his communications research to practical health problems, including [[hygiene]], [[family planning]], [[cancer prevention]], and [[drunk driving]].
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In the early 1990s Rogers turned his attention to the field of [[Entertainment-Education]]. With funding from [[Population Communications International]], he evaluated a radio drama designed to improve public health in Tanzania called ''Twende na Wakati'' (Let's Go With the Times).<ref>Peter Clarke, Scott Ratzan, and Muhiuddin Haider, "Commentaries," ''Journal of Health Communication'', Vol. 10, No. 4, 2005, pp. 303-308.</ref> With Arvind Singhal of [[Ohio University]] he co-wrote ''Entertainment Education: A Communication Strategy for Social Change.''
 
To commemorate his contributions to the field, the University of Southern California's [[Norman Lear Center]] established the Everett M. Rogers Award for Achievement in Entertainment-Education, which recognizes outstanding practice or research in the field of entertainment education. [http://www.learcenter.org/html/projects/?cm=hhs/Ev_Rogers_Award] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304201319/http://www.learcenter.org/html/projects/?cm=hhs/Ev_Rogers_Award |date=2013-03-04 }}
 
== Publications ==
=== Books ===
* Rogers, E. M. (2008). ''The fourteenth paw: Growing up on an Iowa farm in the 1930s''. Singapore: Asian Media Information and Communication Center.▼
* Rogers, E. M. (2003). ''Diffusion of innovations'' (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcatarchive.org/oclcdetails/782119567diffusionofinnov00roge|title=Diffusion of innovations.|last=Rogers|first=Everett M.|date=2005|publisher=Free Press|isbn=0743222091|oclc=782119567|url-access=registration}}</ref>
* Rogers, E. M. (1969). ''Modernization among peasants: The impact of communication''. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.▼
* Rogers, E. M., & Steinfatt, T. M. (19731999). ''Communication strategies for familyIntercultural planningcommunication''. NewProspect YorkHeights, NYIL: FreeWaveland Press.
* Rogers, E. M. (Ed.). (19761994). ''CommunicationA andhistory developmentof communication study: CriticalA perspectivesbiographical approach''. BeverlyNew HillsYork, CANY: SageFree Press.
* Rogers, E. M. (1986). ''Communication technology: The new media in society''. New York, NY: Free Press.
* Rogers, E. M. (1994). ''A history of communication study: A biographical approach''. New York, NY: Free Press.▼
▲* Rogers, E. M. (2008). ''The fourteenth paw: Growing up on an Iowa farm in the 1930s''. Singapore: Asian Media Information and Communication Center.
* Rogers, E. M., & Agarwala-Rogers, R. (1976). ''Communication in organizations''. New York, NY: Free Press.
* Rogers, E. M., & Balle, F. (Eds.). (1985). ''The media revolution in America and in Western Europe''. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
* Rogers, E. M., & Larsen, J. K. (1984). ''Silicon Valley fever: Growth of high-technology culture''. New York, NY: Basic Books.
* Rogers, E. M., & Kincaid, D. L. (1981). ''Communication networks: Toward a new paradigm for research''. New York, NY: Free Press.
* Rogers, E. M., & Larsen, J(Ed. K). (19841976). ''SiliconCommunication Valleyand feverdevelopment: GrowthCritical of high-technology cultureperspectives''. NewBeverly YorkHills, NYCA: Basic BooksSage.
* Rogers, E. M., & SteinfattAgarwala-Rogers, T. MR. (19991976). ''InterculturalCommunication in communicationorganizations''. ProspectNew HeightsYork, ILNY: WavelandFree Press.
▲* Rogers, E. M. (19941973). ''ACommunication historystrategies offor communicationfamily study: A biographical approachplanning''. New York, NY: Free Press.
▲* Rogers, E. M. (1969). ''Modernization among peasants: The impact of communication''. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
 
=== Articles ===
* Rogers, E. M. (1973). Mass media and interpersonal communication. In I. d. S. Pool, F. W. Frey, W. Schramm, N. Maccoby, & E. B. Parker (Eds.), ''Handbook of communication'' (pp. 290–310). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
* Rogers, E. M. (1976). Communication and development: The passing of the dominant paradigm. ''Communication Research'', ''3''(2), 213-240213–240.
* Rogers, E. M. (1982). The empirical and critical schools of communication research. In M. Burgoon (Ed.), ''Communication yearbook'' (Vol. 5, pp. 125–144). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
* Rogers, E. M. (1985). Methodology for meta-research. In H. H. Greenbaum, S. A. Hellweg, & J. W. Walter (Eds.), ''Organizational communication: Abstracts, analysis, and overview'' (Vol. 10, pp. 13–33). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
* Rogers, E. M. (1990). Communication and social change. In G. L. Dahnke & G. W. Clatterbuck (Eds.), ''Human communication: Theory and research'' (pp. 259–271). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
* Rogers, E. M. (1989). Inquiry in development communication. In M. K. Asante & W. B. Gudykunt (Eds.), ''Handbook of international and intercultural communication'' (pp. 67–86). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
* Rogers, E. M. (1994). The field of health communication today. ''American Behavioral Scientist'', ''38''(2), 208-214208–214.
* Rogers, E. M. (1999). Anatomy of the two subdisciplines of communication study. ''Human Communication Research'', ''25''(4), 618-631618–631.
* Rogers, E. M. (1999). Georg Simmel's concept of the stranger and intercultural communication research. ''Communication Theory'', ''9''(1), 58-7458–74.
* Rogers, E. M. (2000). The extensions of men: The correspondence of Marshall McLuhan and Edward T. Hall. ''Mass Communication and Society'', ''3''(1), 117-135117–135.
 
==See also==
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* [http://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/publication/pdf2002/review24/2.pdf Edward T. Hall and the History of Intercultural Communication: The United States and Japan]
* [http://wac.colostate.edu/llad/v4n1/vanderslice.pdf Listening to Everett Rogers: Diffusion of Innovations and WAC]
* [http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/RogersIntro.pdf ''Journal of Health Communication'' Introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916171001/http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/RogersIntro.pdf |date=2012-09-16 }}
* [http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/Backer.pdf ''Journal of Health Communication'' Article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206160436/http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/Backer.pdf |date=2012-02-06 }}
* [http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/RogersCommentaries.pdf ''Journal of Health Communication'' Commentaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206160351/http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/RogersCommentaries.pdf |date=2012-02-06 }}
 
{{Communication studies}}
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[[Category:University of New Mexico faculty]]
[[Category:University of Southern California faculty]]
[[Category:American philosophers of technology]]
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