Blaine, Washington: Difference between revisions

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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Blaine, Washington
| settlement_type = [[City (Washington)|City]]
| nickname = The [[Peace Arch]] City
| motto = Blaine is Where America Begins
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Entering Blaine, Washington - panoramio.jpg
| photo2a = U.S. Port of Entry, Blaine, Washington (2013) - 3.JPG
Line 15:
| border = 0
}}
| image_caption = From top: view of Blaine from [[Canada–United States border]], view of U.S. [[Port of entry]], Welcome to the United States of America sign
| imagesize =
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Seal of Blaine, = BlaineCitySealWashington.pngsvg
| image_map = Whatcom_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Blaine_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location in the state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Whatcom County, Washington|Whatcom County]]
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Washington|County]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_name1 = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Whatcom County, Washington|Whatcom]]
| government_type = [[Council–manager government|Council–manager]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Administration|url=http://ci.blaine.wa.us/55/Administration|publisher=City of Blaine|access-date=April 8, 2022}}</ref>
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Mary Lou Steward<ref>{{cite web|title=City Council|url=http://ci.blaine.wa.us/327/City-Council|publisher=City of Blaine|access-date=March 26, 2022}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date = May 20, 1890
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=20192020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer2020_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_532020_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=AugustJuly 724, 20202022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 22.33
| area_total_sq_mi = 8.62
| area_land_km2 = 14.45
| area_land_sq_mi = 5.58
| area_water_km2 = 7.88
| area_water_sq_mi = 3.04
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est = 59766018
| pop_est_as_of = 20212022
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2021USCensusEst2022"/>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
| population_total = 5884
| population_density_km2 = 388.08
| population_density_sq_mi = 1005.20
| population_metro = 231,919 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical = area|204th]])
| population_density_metro_km2 = 42.25
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 109.4
| population_urban =
| population_demonym = Blaineite
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| utc_offset = -8
| timezone_DST = PDT
| utc_offset_DST = -7
| coordinates = {{coord|48|59|17|N|122|44|37|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m = 16
| elevation_ft = 53
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code = 98230 (home delivery) and 98231 (post office boxes)
| area_code = [[Area code 360|360]]
| area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 53-06505
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2409860 <ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|httphttps://www.cityofblaineci.comblaine.wa.us/|cityofblaineci.blaine.wa.comus}}
| footnotes =
}}
 
'''Blaine''' is a city in [[Whatcom County, Washington|Whatcom County]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States. The city's northern boundary is the [[Canada–United States border|Canada–U.S. border]]; the [[Peace Arch]] international monument straddles the border of both countries. It is the fourth largest incorporated city within the [[Bellingham, Washington|Bellingham Metropolitan Area]].<ref>https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/blainecitywashington,US/PST045223</ref> The population was 5,884 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsciprofile/profileBlaine_city,_Washington?g=1600000US5306505 |work=Explore Census Data160XX00US5306505 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=AprilNovember 215, 20222023}}</ref> Since Blaine is located right on the border with Canada, it is the northernmost city on [[Interstate 5]].
 
==History==
The area was first settled in the mid-19th century by pioneers who established the town as a seaport for the west coast logging and fishing industries, and as a jumping off point for prospectors heading to [[British Columbia]]'s gold fields. Blaine was officially incorporated on May 20, 1890, and was named after [[James G. Blaine]] (1830−1893), who was a [[United States Senate|U.S. senator]] from the state of [[Maine]], [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]], and, in [[1884 United States presidential election|1884]], the unsuccessful [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidential candidate. The city has a "turn-of-the-century" theme, marked by remodeled buildings and signs resembling designs that existed during the late 19th century and early 20th century.
 
[[Image:Plover1.jpg|thumb|left|The {{MV|Plover}} once conveyed workers to and from the cannery in the 1930s1940s. Today it ferries tourists from Blaine to a resort on Semiahmoo Spit.]]
 
The world's largest [[salmon]] [[cannery]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Hrutfiord |first=Jan |title=Blaine: forged by fish and timber |newspaper=The Northern Light |location=Blaine, Washington |date=August 2, 2001 |url=http://www.thenorthernlight.com/news/article.exm/2001-08-02_blaine__forged_by_fish_and_timber |access-date=<!-----October 11, 2009-----> |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231064402/http://thenorthernlight.com/news/article.exm/2001-08-02_blaine__forged_by_fish_and_timber |archive-date=December 31, 2010 }}</ref> was operated by the [[Alaska Packers' Association]] for decades in Blaine; the cannery site has been converted to a waterfront destination resort on [[Semiahmoo Spit]]. Several [[saw mill]]s once operated on Blaine's waterfront, and much of the lumber was transported from its wharves and docks to help rebuild San Francisco following the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake|1906 fire]] there. The forests were soon logged but Blaine's fishing industry remained strong into the second half of the 20th century. Into the 1970s Blaine was home to hundreds of commercial [[Seine fishing|purse seiners]] and [[gillnet]]ters plying the waters offshore of British Columbia, between Washington state and southeast Alaska. Blaine's two large marinas are still home to hundreds of recreational sailboats and yachts. Nature lovers have always appreciated Blaine's coastal location, its accessible bike and walking trails, and view of mountains and water. Birdwatchers across the continent have discovered the area's high content of [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] and waterfowl: Blaine's Drayton Harbor, Semiahmoo Spit and Boundary Bay are ranked as Important [[Birding]] Areas by the [[Audubon Society]].
 
The Cains are the most notable family in Blaine's short history, credited with its founding and achievements. At one time owning most of present-day Blaine, the Cain brothers erected the biggest store north of Seattle, a lumber and shingle mill, a hotel (largest in the state at the time), the first public wharf, and donated large public tracts of land.
 
Nathan Cornish and family moved to Blaine in 1889. He became mayor in 1901; his platform was "twelve miles of wooden sidewalk". His daughter, [[Nellie Cornish]], having failed to open a successful piano teaching business in Blaine, moved to Seattle, where she founded the [[Cornish College of the Arts]] in 1914, which still exists today.
 
On May 9, 1970, approximately 450 Canadian protestors demonstrating against the [[Cambodian campaign]] of the [[Vietnam War]] crossed the border and conducted a "symbolic invasion" of Blaine.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 11, 1970 |title=Canadians vandalize U.S. city |page=1 |work=[[The Albertan]] |agency=[[Canadian Press]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114339360/canadians-vandalize-us-city/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |accessdate=December 8, 2022}}</ref> Several buildings' windows were smashed, flags were torn down, and the Peace Arch was vandalized before police officers and vigilantes pushed the protestors back to the Canadian side of the border.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 12, 1970 |title=Canadian mob invades Blaine |page=1 |work=Vancouver Express |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114339101/canadian-mob-invades-blaine/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=December 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dougherty |first=Phil |date=August 2, 2007 |title=About 450 Canadians invade Blaine on May 9, 1970. |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/8242 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |accessdate=December 8, 2022}}</ref>
During the formative years of her career in the 1950s, country singer [[Loretta Lynn]] was often a featured star at Bill's Tavern on Peace Portal Drive in Blaine. William Hafstrom owned the tavern; it no longer exists. Lynn was then living on Loomis Trail Road near Custer, Washington.
 
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|8.43|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|5.63|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|2.80|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref> Blaine's motto is "Where America Begins": the community is also known as "The Gateway to the Pacific Northwest", and the "Peace Arch City". All these phrases are commentaries on Blaine's unique locale. It lies at the northernmost point of the north-south U.S. [[Interstate 5 in Washington|Interstate 5]] and next to Drayton Harbor and [[Boundary Bay]] (the southward extension of Boundary Bay is officially named and often referred to as [[Semiahmoo Bay]]).
 
===Climate===
Blaine had a small airport, which was popular with light [[aircraft]] owners for its low fuel prices and because it had less fog than other nearby airports. The runway measured 2539 × 40 feet (774 × 12 m). The Blaine city government operated automated fuel pumps. In the spring of 2006 the city government removed several tall trees south of the runway as a safety precaution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airnav.com/airport/4W6|title=AirNav: Airport Information|website=www.airnav.com}}</ref> Then in 2007, the City Council voted to close the airport before the end of 2008. The airport was officially closed on December 31, 2008. The land upon which the airport rests is adjacent to a shopping center and light industrial park. The area is now zoned for mixed use development, including light industrial manufacturing and commercial.
Blaine lies between the mountains east of [[Vancouver]], the flatlands of [[Skagit County, Washington]], the [[North Cascades]] (including [[Mount Baker]]), and the south end of [[Vancouver Island]]. Blaine has a borderline climate between [[mediterranean climate|mediterranean]] (''Csb'') and [[oceanic climate|maritime]] (''Cfb''), which provides fairly mild weather from the rest of the [[Pacific Northwest]]. With annual precipitation of about {{convert|40|in|sp=us}} and its milder location, Blaine enjoys more sunny days and a milder climate than neighboring communities.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
 
==Climate==
Blaine lies between the mountains east of [[Vancouver]], the flatlands of [[Skagit County, Washington]], the [[North Cascades]] (including [[Mount Baker]]), and the south end of [[Vancouver Island]]. The coastal climate (''Cfb'') of the area provides fairly mild weather from the rest of the [[Pacific Northwest]]. With annual precipitation of about 1000 mm (40 inches) and its milder location, Blaine enjoys more sunny days and a milder climate than neighboring communities.
{{Clear}}
 
{{Weather box
|location = Blaine, Washington (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–2021)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 6164
|Feb record high F = 68
|Mar record high F = 72
|Apr record high F = 8083
|May record high F = 8586
|Jun record high F = 9298
|Jul record high F = 9295
|Aug record high F = 9297
|Sep record high F = 8687
|Oct record high F = 78
|Nov record high F = 6571
|Dec record high F = 6263
|year record high F = 9298
|Jan avg record high F = 4354.5
|Feb avg record high F = 4855.4
|Mar avg record high F = 5260.7
|Apr avg record high F = 5867.7
|May avg record high F = 6474.8
|Jun avg record high F = 6977.9
|Jul avg record high F = 7280.8
|Aug avg record high F = 7281.3
|Sep avg record high F = 6775.1
|Oct avg record high F = 5866.0
|Nov avg record high F = 4959.1
|Dec avg record high F = 4354.0
|year avg record high F = 83.3
|Jan lowhigh F = 3044.7
|Feb lowhigh F = 3247.7
|Mar lowhigh F = 3452.1
|Apr lowhigh F = 3857.6
|May lowhigh F = 4364.0
|Jun lowhigh F = 4868.5
|Jul lowhigh F = 5172.8
|Aug lowhigh F = 5172.7
|Sep lowhigh F = 4666.9
|Oct lowhigh F = 4057.4
|Nov lowhigh F = 3549.6
|Dec lowhigh F = 3144.2
|year lowhigh F = 58.2
|Jan mean F = 39.3
|Feb mean F = 41.1
|Mar mean F = 44.9
|Apr mean F = 49.8
|May mean F = 55.7
|Jun mean F = 60.3
|Jul mean F = 64.0
|Aug mean F = 63.8
|Sep mean F = 58.6
|Oct mean F = 50.7
|Nov mean F = 43.8
|Dec mean F = 39.2
|year mean F = 50.9
|Jan low F = 33.9
|Feb low F = 34.6
|Mar low F = 37.7
|Apr low F = 41.9
|May low F = 47.3
|Jun low F = 52.1
|Jul low F = 55.1
|Aug low F = 54.9
|Sep low F = 50.4
|Oct low F = 44.0
|Nov low F = 37.9
|Dec low F = 34.1
|year low F = 43.7
|Jan avg record low F = 20.5
|Feb avg record low F = 23.7
|Mar avg record low F = 26.5
|Apr avg record low F = 32.3
|May avg record low F = 36.9
|Jun avg record low F = 43.2
|Jul avg record low F = 47.8
|Aug avg record low F = 47.3
|Sep avg record low F = 41.1
|Oct avg record low F = 32.9
|Nov avg record low F = 25.2
|Dec avg record low F = 21.4
|year avg record low F = 16.0
|Jan record low F = −1
|Feb record low F = −1−9
|Mar record low F = 11
|Apr record low F = 2221
|May record low F = 2621
|Jun record low F = 3531
|Jul record low F = 3734
|Aug record low F = 3733
|Sep record low F = 2825
|Oct record low F = 19
|Nov record low F = 65
|Dec record low F = −1
|year record low F = −1−9
|Jan precipitation inchcolour = 5.32green
|FebJan precipitation inch = 46.2117
|MarFeb precipitation inch = 3.6137
|AprMar precipitation inch = 24.8521
|MayApr precipitation inch = 2.5897
|JunMay precipitation inch = 2.1457
|JulJun precipitation inch = 1.4993
|AugJul precipitation inch = 1.5114
|SepAug precipitation inch = 1.9113
|OctSep precipitation inch = 32.7422
|NovOct precipitation inch = 64.2939
|DecNov precipitation inch = 56.7908
|yearDec precipitation inch = 415.4463
|year precipitation inch =
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USWA0036?lswe=Blaine,%20WA&lwsa=Weather36HourOutdoorsCommand&from=whatmenu_dropdown_driving |title=Monthly Averages for Blaine, WA |publisher=The Weather Channel |access-date=April 25, 2012}}</ref>
 
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 18.6
|Feb precipitation days = 14.8
|Mar precipitation days = 17.8
|Apr precipitation days = 14.6
|May precipitation days = 10.9
|Jun precipitation days = 10.2
|Jul precipitation days = 5.8
|Aug precipitation days = 6.3
|Sep precipitation days = 9.0
|Oct precipitation days = 15.7
|Nov precipitation days = 19.0
|Dec precipitation days = 19.1
 
|Jan snow inch = 3.7
|Feb snow inch = 0.8
|Mar snow inch = 1.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.4
|Dec snow inch = 3.3
|year snow inch =
 
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 1.2
|Feb snow days = 0.4
|Mar snow days = 0.4
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 0.2
|Dec snow days = 0.8
 
|Jan snow depth inch =
|Feb snow depth inch =
|Mar snow depth inch =
|Apr snow depth inch =
|May snow depth inch =
|Jun snow depth inch =
|Jul snow depth inch =
|Aug snow depth inch =
|Sep snow depth inch =
|Oct snow depth inch =
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|Dec snow depth inch =
|year snow depth inch =
 
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00450729&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Blaine, WA
|access-date = October 8, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=sew
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Seattle
|access-date = October 8, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}
 
===Canada–U.S. border===
Blaine is home to two main West Coast [[port of entry|ports of entry]] between the United States and Canada. The [[Peace Arch Border Crossing]], which is the northern terminus of [[Interstate 5|I-5]] and southern terminus of [[British Columbia Highway 99|B.C. provincial Highway 99]], serves as the primary passenger vehicle port of entry. The [[Pacific Highway Border Crossing]], approximately one mile to the east, serves as the primary point of entry for heavy truck traffic, and thus is also known as the Truck Crossing. The latter is reached via [[Washington State Route 543]] which departs I-5 on the south side of Blaine and connects at the border to B.C.'s Highway 15 (Surrey's [[British Columbia Highway 15|176th Street]]) and then to the [[Trans-Canada Highway]].
 
Construction of a new Land Port of Entry (LPOE) was completed by the U.S. [[General Services Administration]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?contentType%3DGSA_BASIC%26contentId%3D23738%26noc%3DT |title=ArchivedPeace copyArch Project News |access-date=July 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616091247/http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?contentType=GSA_BASIC&contentId=23738&noc=T |archive-date=June 16, 2010 }} Peace Arch Project News GSA page retrieved July 5, 2010</ref> A large public art installation entitled "Non-Sign II" was erected near the crossing booths. The art piece is a "blank space" in the shape of a [[billboard]] sign, surrounded by a mass of twisted metal rods.<ref>[https://www.wired.com/underwire/2010/10/ghost-billboard/# Ghost Billboard Erected on US-Canada Border]. [[Wired.com]], October 22, 2010.</ref> On the Canadian side, a new Port of Entry building was constructed by the [[Canada Border Services Agency]]. It was officially opened by [[Minister of Public Safety (Canada)|Public Safety Minister]] [[Peter Van Loan]] on August 20, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/media/release-communique/2009/2009-08-20-eng.html |title=ArchivedPublic copySafety Minister Peter van Loan opens Douglas border-crossing facility |access-date=July 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704065403/http://cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/media/release-communique/2009/2009-08-20-eng.html |archive-date=July 4, 2010 }} CBSA news release Public Safety Minister Peter Van Loan opens Douglas border crossing facility retrieved July 5, 2010</ref> It was built partly to reduce delays for travelers coming to the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] which were held in [[Vancouver]] and [[Whistler, British Columbia|Whistler]] February 12–28, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-spectator-guide/celebrations-and-ceremonies/ceremonies/ |title=ArchivedCeremonies copy: Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics |access-date=July 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409005026/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-spectator-guide/celebrations-and-ceremonies/ceremonies/ |archive-date=April 9, 2010 }} VANOC site Ceremonies page retrieved July 5, 2010</ref>
 
International border intrigue has always been a part of Blaine's ambiance. Smuggling became an underground industry in 1919 with the passage of the [[Volstead Act]] banning liquor sale and use in the United States. [[Rum-running]] and border jumping thrived along Blaine's shared coastline with [[British Columbia]], due in part to the area's largest whiskey still<ref>{{Citation |last=Lambert |first =Barbara Ann|title=Rusty Nails and Ration Books: Memories of the Great Depression and WWII 1929–1945 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2002| isbn=1-55369-853-3}}</ref> being located on [[Texada Island]], which is located in the northern [[Strait of Georgia]] offshore from the city of [[Powell River, British Columbia]]. This continued until Prohibition was repealed in 1933 (coincidentally, the US Congressional law which re-legalized alcohol is named the [[Blaine Act]]). In subsequent decades, the situation was reversed due to restrictive drinking and entertainment laws in British Columbia, notably a ban on Sunday drinking, which led to Blaine and its sister border towns of [[Point Roberts]] and [[Sumas, Washington|Sumas]] booming with taverns and adult entertainment of various kinds. Those days are long gone and now Blaine's retail sector consists of goods such as gasoline, dairy products and clothing outlets, as these goods are cheaper in the U.S.
Line 194 ⟶ 305:
In the 1990s, smuggling again reached a zenith with exports of high grade marijuana from neighboring British Columbia, and corresponding flow of cocaine and handguns from the United States into Canada. As the production of '[[BC Bud]]' grew across [[British Columbia]], a sometimes dangerous game of cat and mouse played out along Blaine's border with Canada. Smugglers used every technique, from backpacks to helicopter aerial drops to bring tons of the marijuana crop into the U.S., while a growing phalanx of local, state, provincial and federal law enforcement from both sides of the border sought ways to stem the tide. Following the [[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks of 2001]], the addition of hundreds of federal agents and millions of dollars in enforcement technology have pushed much of the smuggling activity into the rugged interior of Washington.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
 
With its location at the intersection of an international border, a major interstate freeway, and the Pacific Ocean, Blaine is frequently in the news. The International Peace Arch, dedicated September 6, 1921, by founder [[Samuel Hill]], is located in Blaine inwithin [[Peace Arch State Park]] in Blaine and is occasionally used as a focal point for peaceful demonstrations and debate, such as the annual setting of crosses for each American killed so far in the Iraq War. But most of the people who visit or pass by the Parkpark each year remember it for its beauty and peaceful shoreline setting (although the beach is not officially accessible from the park).
 
The [[Interstate 5 in Washington|Interstate 5]] freeway extends from the U.S./Mexico border at San Diego, northward to Canada, and terminates in Blaine at the city's [[British Columbia|northern border]]. The country's only pedestrian crosswalk to cross an Interstate freeway exists in Peace Arch State Park, the Washington portion of the binational [[Peace Arch Park]]. The Canadian side of the park, designated as Peace Arch Provincial Park, is in [[Douglas, British Columbia|Douglas]], the Canadian port-of-entry and part of the city of [[Surrey, British Columbia]]. The [[Peace Arch|Peace Arch monument]], located in the Parkpark, symbolizes lasting peace and amity between the U.S. and Canada. One innovative feature that has never been abrogated even during the days since 9/11 is that people entering the Parkpark from either side may have the unique experience of strolling to the opposite park's boundary amid flowers, ponds, and works of art, without having to go through Immigration,customs thusfacilities. trulyThe makingpark thehas been described Parkas a place of bi-national mingling. Frequently,and also hosts wedding ceremonies are performed in the Park.
 
In 2006, a local group called the Blaine Peace Alliance unsuccessfully solicited City Council support to formalize a sister-city relationship with [[Pugwash, Nova Scotia]], where promotion of world peace had been an ongoing effort for 50 years. Because Pugwash affiliated itself with the [[Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs]], the Council ruled such a connection would be "political". Shortly thereafter, the Alliance disbanded.
 
Since 1937, an annual celebration known as "Hands Across the Border" has been held at the Parkpark, sponsored by the International Peace Arch Association. Hundreds of Scouts from the U.S. and Canada are in attendance and the highways and Ports of Entry on both sides of the border are closed for several hours for the event. There is a procession of Troops and world flags through the Peace Arch, signifying Scout unity around the world. Speeches are made by honored Scouts from Washington and British Columbia, and State, Provincial and local dignitaries attend. On February 28, 2013, after 90 years, the event's former organizers announced that "Hands Across the Border" had been cancelled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peacearchpark.org/peacearchcelebration.htm |title=ArchivedHands Across the Border / The Peace Arch copyCelebration |access-date=March 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905152117/http://www.peacearchpark.org/peacearchcelebration.htm |archive-date=September 5, 2012 }}</ref> However, following public support the annual program was re-established in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.handsacrosstheborder.info/photos|title=Hands Across the Border - a Peace Arch Celebration|website=Hands Across the Border - a Peace Arch Celebration}}</ref>
 
==Economy==
Much of Blaine's economy is based on cross-border Canadian trade. The eastern side of the city accommodates a number of import/export warehouses, freight and courier services and gas stations serving long-haul [[cargo trucks]]. The Customs and Border Protection branch of the [[Department of Homeland Security]] operates two border inspection stations in Blaine. The Blaine Sector Headquarters of the US Border Patrol employs hundreds of federal law enforcement officers and support staff in the community.
 
Blaine also has a number of manufacturing companies, including [[Nature's Path]] cereal and [[Totally Chocolate]].
 
The [[Port of Bellingham]] operates a large [[marina]] in Blaine, serving a variety of pleasure craft and fishing vessels.
 
As Vancouver, British Columbia is just north of Blaine, across the US-Canada border and where several prime-time television series are recorded, several dozen US actors/actresses have rented houses in Blaine and commute to Vancouver rather than rent houses and apartments in Vancouver, which is much more expensive. Included series are: ''Once Upon A Time'', ''Beauty and the Beast'', ''Supernatural'' and ''Nikita''. For similar reasons, a significant number of Americans who work for companies in Vancouver are living in Blaine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gold |first=Kerry |date=February 22, 2013 |title=Some Vancouver workers have been priced right out of the country |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/real-estate/some-vancouver-workers-have-been-priced-right-out-of-the-country/article8970952/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref>
 
The United States Consulate in Vancouver has a Blaine address for mail from the U.S.<ref name="usconsulatevancouver">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Consulate General Vancouver |url=http://ca.usembassy.gov/embassy-consulates/vancouver/ |access-date=June 13, 2021 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada |language=en-US}}</ref> Several [[mail service]] companies have opened branches in Blaine, targeting Canadian residents looking to avoid cross-border shipping costs.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Dave |date=March 26, 2016 |title=Online sales slow in Whatcom border towns as loonie falters |url=http://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/local/article68349052.html |work=Bellingham Herald |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref> The local industry grew during the rise of e-commerce in the early 2000s and the city set up a [[sales tax]] that earns $1.7 million in annual revenue.<ref>{{cite news |last=Samuel |first=Alexandria |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Welcome to Blaine, the town Amazon Prime built |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/20/17484052/blaine-washington-amazon-prime-canada-us-mailbox-address |work=[[The Verge]] |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref>
 
Blaine had a small airport, which was popular with light [[aircraft]] owners for its low fuel prices and because it had less fog than other nearby airports. The runway measured {{convert|2539|×|40|ft|m}}. The Blaine city government operated automated fuel pumps. In the spring of 2006 the city government removed several tall trees south of the runway as a safety precaution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airnav.com/airport/4W6|title=AirNav: Airport Information|website=www.airnav.com}}</ref> Then in 2007, the City Council voted to close the airport before the end of 2008. The airport was officially closed on December 31, 2008. The land upon which the airport rests is adjacent to a shopping center and light industrial park. The area is now zoned for mixed use development, including light industrial manufacturing and commercial.
 
==Demographics==
Line 218 ⟶ 342:
|2010= 4684
|2020= 5884
|estyear=20212022
|estimate=59766018
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2021USCensusEst2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=JuneNovember 225, 20222023|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-20212022|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=JuneNovember 225, 20222023}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=July 31, 2013}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
Line 226 ⟶ 350:
 
The city's population has been exaggerated at times: "Population now 1,735 as against peak of 14,000 in the 1920s", declared the December 27, 1964 issue of the ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]''.
 
===2020 census===
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 5,884 people, 2,459 households in the city.
 
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref2010 nameUnited ="wwwcensusgov">{{citeStates webcensus|title=U.S.2010 Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 4,684 people, 1,994 households, and 1,291 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|832.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 2,346 housing units at an average density of {{convert|416.7|/sqmimi2|/km2|1disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 86.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.9% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 5.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.3% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 4.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.0% of the population.
 
There were 1,994 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.85.
Line 235 ⟶ 362:
 
===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]2000 ofUnited States census|2000 census]], there were 3,770 people, 1,496 households, and 1,036 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|680.4 people per square mile (262.7|/km{{supmi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|2}}). There were 1,737 housing units at an average density of {{convert|313.5 per square mile (121.1|/km{{supmi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|2}}). The racial makeup of the city was 87.72% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.19% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.19% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.66% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.33% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.77% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.35% of the population.
 
There were 1,496 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.7% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.96.
Line 243 ⟶ 370:
The median income for a household in the city was $36,900, and the median income for a family was $45,056. Males had a median income of $36,381 versus $23,561 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $20,333. About 10.2% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.
 
==EconomyNotable people==
* [[Carlos Becerra (actor)|Carlos Becerra]], television presenter<ref>{{cite news |last=Dwyer |first=Philip A. |date=August 3, 2017 |title=Bellingham man loves classic cars, has his own TV show to prove it |url=https://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/local/article164286852.html |work=The Bellingham Herald |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref>
Much of Blaine's economy is based on cross-border Canadian trade. The eastern side of the city accommodates a number of import/export warehouses, freight and courier services and gas stations serving long-haul [[cargo trucks]]. The Customs and Border Protection branch of the [[Department of Homeland Security]] operates two border inspection stations in Blaine. The Blaine Sector Headquarters of the US Border Patrol employs hundreds of federal law enforcement officers and support staff in the community.
*[[Luke Ridnour]], former NBA player<ref>{{cite news |last=Evans |first=Jayda |date=January 20, 2009 |title=Luke Ridnour enjoys a basketball rebirth in Milwaukee |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/nba/luke-ridnour-enjoys-a-basketball-rebirth-in-milwaukee/ |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref>
 
==Education==
Blaine also has a number of manufacturing companies, including [[Nature's Path]] cereal and Totally Chocolate.
{{Main|Blaine School District}}
 
The [[Blaine School District]] has five public schools that serves the city as well as adjacent unincorporated communities, including [[Birch Bay, Washington|Birch Bay]] and [[Point Roberts, Washington|Point Roberts]].<ref>{{cite map |date=January 14, 2021 |title=2020 Census – School District Reference Map: Whatcom County, WA |page=2 |scale=1:140,000 |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st53_wa/schooldistrict_maps/c53073_whatcom/DC20SD_C53073.pdf |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref> The largest share of school services is consolidated on a campus in central Blaine, which has facilities for approximately 2,100 students, including [[Blaine High School (Washington)|Blaine High School]], Blaine Middle School, and Blaine Elementary School.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mittendorf |first=Robert |date=February 23, 2018 |title=Blaine schools closed after email threat – later identified as hoax |url=https://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/local/article201782689.html |work=The Bellingham Herald |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref> Students from the small nearby [[exclave]] of Point Roberts above 3rd grade are bused through the border to Blaine to attend school.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bleiberg |first=Larry |date=December 2, 2019 |title=A US town only reached through Canada |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20191201-a-us-town-only-reached-through-canada |publisher=[[BBC]] |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref>
The [[Port of Bellingham]] operates a large [[marina]] in Blaine, serving a variety of pleasure craft and fishing vessels.
 
==Transportation==
As Vancouver, British Columbia is just north of Blaine, across the US-Canada border and where several prime-time television series are recorded, several dozen US actors/actresses have rented houses in Blaine and commute to Vancouver rather than rent houses and apartments in Vancouver, which is much more expensive. Included series are: ''Once Upon A Time'', ''Beauty and the Beast'', ''Supernatural'' and ''Nikita''. For similar reasons, a significant number of Americans who work for companies in Vancouver are living in Blaine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gold |first=Kerry |date=February 22, 2013 |title=Some Vancouver workers have been priced right out of the country |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/real-estate/some-vancouver-workers-have-been-priced-right-out-of-the-country/article8970952/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref>
Blaine is at the north end of [[Interstate 5]] (I-5), the main north–south freeway in the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast states]]. The freeway terminates at the [[Peace Arch Border Crossing]] and has a spur route, [[Washington State Route 543|State Route 543]], that serves the [[Pacific Highway Border Crossing]] to the east; commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses are required to use the eastern crossing.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 2018 |title=Corridor Sketch Summary – I-5 & SR 543: I-5/SR 543 Jct (Blaine) to Canadian Border |url=https://wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/CSS289-i5SR543-i5SR543JctBlaine-CanadianBorder.pdf |publisher=[[Washington State Department of Transportation]] |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=Kristin |date=September 5, 2007 |title=How to beat the U.S.-Canadian border backups |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/life/travel/how-to-beat-the-us-canadian-border-backups/ |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref> Another state highway, [[Washington State Route 548|State Route 548]], travels south from Blaine to Birch Bay and the [[Cherry Point Refinery]].<ref>{{cite web |date=October 28, 2019 |title=Corridor Sketch Summary – SR 548: Grandview/Blaine Rd Jct to I-5 Jct (Blaine) |url=https://wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/CSS290-SR548-GrandviewBlaineRdJct-i5JctBlaine.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref> The city is also served by [[Whatcom Transportation Authority]] buses that connect it to Ferndale and [[Bellingham, Washington|Bellingham]].<ref name="Herald-Ferry">{{cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Dave |date=August 21, 2020 |title=Here's when Point Roberts residents can ride a Port ferry to Blaine Harbor |url=https://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/coronavirus/article245118260.html |work=The Bellingham Herald |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Route 75 – to Blaine/Birch Bay |url=https://schedules.ridewta.com/#route-details?routeNum=75 |publisher=[[Whatcom Transportation Authority]] |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref>
 
The [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] opened a passenger and freight [[train depot|depot]] serving Blaine in 1909, shortly after completing construction of its waterfront railroad.<ref>{{cite web |author=Blaine Coalition for Historic Preservation |date=August 10, 2009 |title=Blaine Waterfront Station |page=3 |url=https://www.ci.blaine.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1260/waterfront-station_001 |publisher=City of Blaine |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=July 10, 1909 |title=International City Enjoys Era of Great Industrial Progress |page=20 |work=The Bellingham Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bellingham-herald-international-city/131019335/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref> [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Pacific International]]'' began serving the station in 1972 and operated daily trains that stopped there until 1981.<ref>{{cite news |last=Knox |first=Paul |date=July 18, 1972 |title=Seattle-Vancouver train runs again |page=9 |work=Vancouver Sun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-seattle-vancouver-trai/131019437/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Daniel |first=Bill |date=October 19, 1981 |title=Train whistles still blow in Whatcom County |page=1D |work=The Bellingham Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bellingham-herald-train-whistles-sti/131019445/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref> Passengers were initially required to disembark from the train at Blaine station to use a customs station until 1974, when processing was switched to on-board agents.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 26, 1974 |title=Blaine inspections for Amtrak trains will be on-board |page=2 |work=The Bellingham Herald |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bellingham-herald-blaine-inspections/131019398/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref> Restoration of the depot and Amtrak service on the modern ''[[Amtrak Cascades|Cascades]]'' service has been proposed in the 21st century to serve Blaine and areas of Metro Vancouver.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ferguson |first=Dan |date=June 7, 2012 |title=Blaine train station makes 'most endangered' list |url=https://www.langleyadvancetimes.com/news/blaine-train-station-makes-most-endangered-list-2466849 |work=[[Langley Advance-Times]] |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hager |first=Mike |date=March 27, 2012 |title=Support builds for cross-border Amtrak station |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/support-builds-for-cross-border-amtrak-station |work=Vancouver Sun |accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref>
The United States Consulate in Vancouver has a Blaine address for mail from the U.S..<ref name="usconsulatevancouver">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Consulate General Vancouver |url=http://ca.usembassy.gov/embassy-consulates/vancouver/ |access-date=June 13, 2021 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada |language=en-US}}</ref> Several [[mail service]] companies have opened branches in Blaine, targeting Canadian residents looking to avoid cross-border shipping costs.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Dave |date=March 26, 2016 |title=Online sales slow in Whatcom border towns as loonie falters |url=http://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/local/article68349052.html |work=Bellingham Herald |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref> The local industry grew during the rise of e-commerce in the early 2000s and the city set up a [[sales tax]] that earns $1.7 million in annual revenue.<ref>{{cite news |last=Samuel |first=Alexandria |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Welcome to Blaine, the town Amazon Prime built |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/20/17484052/blaine-washington-amazon-prime-canada-us-mailbox-address |work=[[The Verge]] |access-date=June 20, 2018}}</ref>
 
==Notable people==
*James Cain, Town proprietor, first mayor, first post master, first notary of public, first school teacher.
Reference:
https://www.historylink.org/File/9062
Reference:
https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:James_Cain_(34)
* [[Carlos Becerra (actor)|Carlos Becerra]], actor from ''Carspotting'' on Discovery<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/local/article164286852.html|title=Bellingham man loves classic cars, has his own TV show to prove it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kgmi.com/|title=790 KGMI &#124; KGMI News/Talk 790|website=790 KGMI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenorthernlight.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815100830/http://www.thenorthernlight.com/2017/07/12/growing-up-in-blaine-fueled-career-for-host-of-new-tv-show/|url-status=dead|title=Home &#124; The Northern Light|archive-date=August 15, 2017|website=www.thenorthernlight.com}}</ref>
*[[Luke Ridnour]], retired NBA player
 
==School district==
{{Main|Blaine School District}}
[[Blaine School District]] #503 serves a population which extends to the south end of nearby [[Birch Bay]], well beyond the city limits of Blaine. The largest share of school services is consolidated on a large (quarter mile square) campus in central Blaine. Approximately 2,500 students of all grades (K–12) attend school in facilities which separately house K–2, 3–5, 6–8, and 9–12th grades respectively. Students from the small nearby [[exclave]] of [[Point Roberts, Washington]] above 3rd grade are bused through the border to Blaine to attend school.
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
{{Sister project links|auto=y}}
{{Commons category|Blaine, Washington}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.cityofblaine.com City of Blaine]
* [http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9148 History of Blaine] at [[HistoryLink]]
* [http://www.blaine.net Blaine Washington Community Web Portal]
Line 293 ⟶ 410:
| West = [[Point Roberts, Washington|Point Roberts]], ''[[Boundary Bay]]''
| Northwest = [[Delta, British Columbia|Delta]], [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]], [[White Rock, British Columbia|White Rock (British Columbia, Canada)]], ''[[Boundary Bay]]'', ''[[Semiahmoo Bay]]''
| image =
}}
{{Whatcom County, Washington}}