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{{Short description|Oblast of the Russian Empire}}
{{Italic title|string=oblast}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| extinct_date = 3 March 1918
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{{coord|41|38|45|N|41|38|30|E|type:admin2_region:GE|display=title,inline}}
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| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rural = 87.98%
| population_total = 122,811
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of viceroyalties of the Russian Empire|Viceroyalty]]
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}}
The '''Batum ''oblast'''''{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{lang-ru|Батумская область|translit=Batumskaya oblast}} {{IPA|ru|bətʊmskəjə ɐbɫəsʲtʲ|}}|{{lang-ka|ბათუმის ოლქი|tr}} {{IPA|ka|b̥atʰumis olkʰi|}}|{{lang-tr|Batum Oblastı}} {{IPA-tr|batum obɫastɯ|}}}}}} was a province (''[[oblast]]'') of the [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus Viceroyalty]] of the [[Russian Empire]], with the [[Black Sea]] port of Batum (present-day [[Batumi]]) as its administrative center. The Batum ''oblast'' roughly corresponded to most of present-day southwestern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and part of the [[Artvin Province]] of [[Turkey]].{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014}}
==History==
The Batum
According to the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]], the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] ceded the Batum Oblast to the Ottoman Empire, however, the [[Transcaucasian Seim]], the authority in [[Transcaucasia]] by 1918, rejected the treaty, opting to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire on its own terms. Such action led to the former's dissolution and the subsequent [[Treaty of Batum]], which resulted in the inevitable reannexation of Batum to the Ottoman Empire.
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After the [[Armistice of Mudros|Mudros Armistice]], in which the Ottoman Empire was forced to withdraw its troops from the territories of the former [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Russian Transcaucasus]] including Batum, [[British Army|British troops]] under the [[27th Division (United Kingdom)|27th Division]] occupied the district to support the British military presence in the Transcaucasus, and to serve as a terminal for supplying [[Anton Denikin|Denikin's]] [[Volunteer Army]].
The Batum Oblast was finally evacuated by the British in the summer of
== Administrative divisions ==
The districts (''[[okrug]]s'') of the Batum ''oblast'' in 1917 were as follows:<ref name=":1" />{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=182–185}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Administrative centre
! colspan="2" |Population
! rowspan="2" |Area
|-
!1897
!1916
|-
|[[Artvin okrug]] ({{Lang|ru|Артвинский округ}})
|[[Artvin]]
| align="right" |56,140
| align="right" |37,414
|{{Convert|2875.06|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}}
|-
|[[Batumi okrug]] ({{Lang|ru|Батумский округ}})
|Batum ([[Batumi]])
| align="right" |88,444
| align="right" |85,397
|{{Convert|3254.05|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}}
|}
==Demographics==
=== Russian
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Linguistic composition of the Batum ''oblast'' in 1897<ref name=":1" />
!Language
!Native speakers
!%
|-
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]
| align="right" |62,004
| align="right" |42.88
|-
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
| align="right" |44,667
| align="right" |30.89
|-
|
| align="right" |14,939
| align="right" |10.33
|-
|[[Russian language|Russian]]
| align="right" |7,525
| align="right" |5.20
|-
|[[Greek language|Greek]]
| align="right" |4,717
| align="right" |3.26
|-
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| align="right" |2,351
| align="right" |1.63
|-
|[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]
| align="right" |1,811
| align="right" |1.25
|-
|[[Jewish languages|Jewish]]
| align="right" |1,076
| align="right" |0.74
|-
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
| align="right" |911
| align="right" |0.63
|-
|[[Persian language|Persian]]
| align="right" | 767
| align="right" |0.53
|-
|[[Abkhaz language|Abkhazian]]
| align="right" |693
| align="right" |0.48
|-
|[[Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]]
| align="right" |635
| align="right" |0.44
|-
|[[German language|German]]
| align="right" |369
| align="right" |0.26
|-
|[[Imeretian language|Imeretian]]
| align="right" |356
| align="right" |0.25
|-
|Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}}
| align="right" |355
| align="right" |0.25
|-
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
| align="right" |157
| align="right" | 0.11
|-
|[[Inuit languages|Sartic]]
| align="right" |156
| align="right" |0.11
|-
|[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
| align="right" |80
| align="right" |0.06
|-
|[[Avar language|Avar-Andean]]
| align="right" |56
| align="right" |0.04
|-
|[[Gazikumukh Khanate|Kazi-Kumukh]]
| align="right" |47
| align="right" |0.03
|-
|[[English language|English]]
| align="right" |38
| align="right" |0.03
|-
|[[Ossetian language|Ossetian]]
| align="right" |29
| align="right" |0.02
|-
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| align="right" |27
| align="right" |0.02
|-
|[[Svan language|Svan]]
| align="right" |17
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]
| align="right" |11
| align="right" |0.01
|-
|Other
| align="right" |790
| align="right" |0.55
|-
!ТОТАL
!144,584
!100.00
|}
===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Nationality
!
! colspan="2" |[[
!
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|[[Georgians]]
| align="right" |7,363
| align="right" |27.25
| align="right" |71,476
| align="right" |74.61
| align="right" |78,839
| align="right" |64.20
|-
|[[Armenians]]
| align="right" |10,975
| align="right" |40.62
| align="right" |4,217
| align="right" |4.40
| align="right" |15,192
| align="right" |12.37
|-
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]]{{Efn|Primarily Turco-Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}}
| align="right" |75
| align="right" |0.28
| align="right" |14,267
| align="right" |14.89
| align="right" |14,342
| align="right" |11.68
|-
|[[Russians]]
| align="right" |5,042
| align="right" |18.66
| align="right" |3,503
| align="right" |3.66
| align="right" |8,545
| align="right" |6.96
|-
|[[Christianity in Asia|Asiatic Christians]]
| align="right" |1,097
| align="right" |4.06
| align="right" |1,147
| align="right" |1.20
| align="right" |2,244
| align="right" |1.83
|-
|[[Europeans|Other Europeans]]
| align="right" |855
| align="right" |3.16
| align="right" |120
| align="right" |0.13
| align="right" |975
| align="right" |0.79
|-
|[[Shia Muslims]]{{Efn|Primarily Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}}
| align="right" |529
| align="right" |1.96
| align="right" |165
| align="right" |0.17
| align="right" |694
| align="right" |0.57
|-
|[[Peoples of the Caucasus|North Caucasians]]
| align="right" |476
| align="right" |1.76
| align="right" |180
| align="right" |0.19
| align="right" |656
| align="right" |0.53
|-
|[[Jews]]
| align="right" |597
| align="right" |2.21
| align="right" |10
| align="right" |0.01
| align="right" |607
| align="right" |0.49
|-
|[[Kurds]]
| align="right" |8
| align="right" |0.03
| align="right" |544
| align="right" |0.57
| align="right" |552
| align="right" |0.45
|-
|[[Romani people|Roma]]
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |165
| align="right" |0.17
| align="right" |165
| align="right" |0.13
|-
!TOTAL
!27,017
!100.00
!95,794
!100.00
!122,811
!100.00
|}
== See also ==
* [[Artvin Okrug]]
* [[Batum Okrug]]
* [[Kars Oblast]]
* [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)]]
* [[Treaty of San Stefano]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}}
*{{Cite The Republic of Armenia Volume 1}}
*{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}}
*{{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}}
{{Refend}}
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
{{Caucasus Viceroyalty}}
[[Category:Batum Oblast| ]]
[[Category:1870s establishments in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1878 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1880s disestablishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1900s in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1910s in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1917 disestablishments in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1917 disestablishments in Russia]]
[[Category:19th century in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)]]
[[Category:History of Adjara]]
[[Category:Modern history of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Oblasts of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1883]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1917]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1878]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1903]]
{{Georgia-hist-stub}}
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