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{{Short description|Oblast of the Russian Empire}}
{{italicItalic title|string=oblast}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name area_total_km2 = Batum ''oblast''6,975.65
| established_date = 1873
| established_title = Established▼
| extinct_date = 3 March 1918
| seat_typeextinct_title = [[Treaty of = CapitalBrest-Litovsk]]
| total_type = Total▼
| native_name_lang = ru▼
| image_map = Batum Oblast ATD.png
| mapsize = 220px▼
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Batum Oblast 1881.svg
| map_caption = Administrative map of the Batum Oblast▼
▲| established_title = Established
| established_datemapsize = 1873220px
| extinct_titlecoordinates = [[Treaty of= Brest-Litovsk]]
{{coord|41|38|45|N|41|38|30|E|type:admin2_region:GE|display=title,inline}}▼
| subdivision_type = Country▼
| area_total_km2name = 6,975.65Batum ''oblast''
| subdivision_name = [[Russian Empire]]▼
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of viceroyalties of the Russian Empire|Viceroyalty]]▼
| native_name = Батумская область
▲| native_name_lang = ru
| subdivision_name1 = [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus]]▼
| population_as_of = 1916
| population_total = 122,811▼
| population_density_km2 = auto
| settlement_type = [[Oblasts of the Russian Empire|Oblast]]▼
| seat = Batum<br>(present-day [[Batumi]])▼
▲| map_caption = Administrative map of the Batum Oblast
| population_urban = 22.02%▼
| population_rural = 87.98%
▲| population_total = 122,811
▲| population_urban = 22.02%
▲| seat = Batum<br>(present-day [[Batumi]])
▲| mapsize seat_type = 220pxCapital
▲| settlement_type = ''[[Oblasts of the Russian Empire|Oblast]]''
▲| subdivision_name = [[Russian Empire]]
▲| subdivision_name1 = [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus]]
▲| subdivision_type = Country
▲| subdivision_type1 = [[List of viceroyalties of the Russian Empire|Viceroyalty]]
▲| total_type = Total
}}
The '''Batum ''oblast'''''{{efn|{{bulleted listbulletedlist|{{Langlang-ru|Бату́мскаяБатумская о́бластьобласть|translit=BatúmskayaBatumskaya óblastoblast}}| {{lang-trIPA|Batumru|bətʊmskəjə Oblastıɐbɫəsʲtʲ|}}|{{lang-ka|ბათუმის ოლქი|tr}} {{IPA|ka|b̥atʰumis olkʰi|}}|{{lang-tr|Batum Oblastı}} {{IPA-tr|batum obɫastɯ|}}}}}} was a province (''[[oblast]]'') of the [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Caucasus Viceroyalty]] of the [[Russian Empire]], with the [[Black Sea]] port of Batum (present-day [[Batumi]]) as its administrative center. The Batum ''oblast'' roughly corresponded to most of present-day southwestern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and part of the [[Artvin Province]] of [[Turkey]].{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014}}
 
==History==
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After the [[Armistice of Mudros|Mudros Armistice]], in which the Ottoman Empire was forced to withdraw its troops from the territories of the former [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Russian Transcaucasus]] including Batum, [[British Army|British troops]] under the [[27th Division (United Kingdom)|27th Division]] occupied the district to support the British military presence in the Transcaucasus, and to serve as a terminal for supplying [[Anton Denikin|Denikin's]] [[Volunteer Army]].
 
The Batum Oblast was finally evacuated by the British in the summer of 19191920, and handed over to the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]], whom administered the district until it was occupied by [[Turkish Revolutionaries|Turkish revolutionaries]], leading to the [[Treaty of Kars]] which resulted in the partition of the district. The north including the port of Batum was retained by [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgia]] as an [[Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|autonomy]], and the southern Artvin district was incorporated into [[Turkey]] as the [[Artvin Province]].
 
== Administrative divisions ==
The districts (''[[okrug]]s'') of the BlackBatum Sea Governorate''oblast'' in 1917 were as follows:<ref name=":1" />{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=182–185}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |DistrictName
! rowspan="2" |RussianAdministrative namecentre
! rowspan="2" |Capital
! colspan="2" |Population
! rowspan="2" |Area
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!1916
|-
|[[Artvin okrug]] ({{Lang|ru|Артвинский округ}})
|[[Artvin Okrug|Artvin]]
|Артвинскій округъ
|[[Artvin]]
| align="right" |56,140
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|{{Convert|2875.06|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}}
|-
|[[Batumi okrug]] ({{Lang|ru|Батумский округ}})
|[[Batum Okrug|Batum]]▼
|Батумскій округъ
|Batum ([[Batumi]])
| align="right" |88,444
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=== Russian Empire Census ===
According to the [[Russian Empire Census]], the Batum Oblast''oblast'' (at the time part of the Kutaisi Governorate) had a population of 144,584 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 82,213 men and 62,371 women. The plurality of the population indicated [[Georgian language|Georgian]] to be their mother tongue, with significant [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]] and [[Russian language|Russian]] speaking minorities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=447 |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Linguistic composition of the Batum Oblast''oblast'' in 1897<ref name=":1" />
!Language
!Native speakers
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| align="right" |0.26
|-
|[[ImeretiImeretian language|Imeretian]]
| align="right" |356
| align="right" |0.25
Line 186:
 
=== ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' ===
According to the 1917 publication of ''[[Kavkazskiy kalendar]]'', the Batum Oblast''oblast'' had a population of 122,811 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 66,808 men and 56,003 women, 95,292 of whom were the permanent population, and 27,519 were temporary residents:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=182–185}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Nationality
Line 298:
 
== See also ==
* [[Batum Okrug]]
* [[Artvin Okrug]]
▲|* [[Batum Okrug|Batum]]
* [[Kars Oblast]]
* [[Treaty of San Stefano]]▼
* [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)]]
▲* [[Treaty of San Stefano]]
 
== Notes ==
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*{{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}}
{{Refend}}
 
{{Georgia-hist-stub}}▼
 
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
[[Category:{{Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)]]}}▼
 
[[Category:Batum Oblast| ]]
▲[[Category:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)]]
[[Category:Oblasts of the Russian Empire]]▼
[[Category:Modern history of Georgia (country)]]▼
[[Category:History of Adjara]]▼
[[Category:19th century in Georgia (country)]]▼
[[Category:1900s in Georgia (country)]]▼
[[Category:1910s in Georgia (country)]]▼
[[Category:States and territories established in 1878]]▼
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1883]]▼
[[Category:States and territories established in 1903]]▼
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1917]]▼
[[Category:1870s establishments in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1917 disestablishments in Georgia (country)]]▼
[[Category:1878 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1880s disestablishments in the Russian Empire]]
▲[[Category:1900s in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
▲[[Category:1910s in Georgia (country)]]
▲[[Category:1917 disestablishments in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:1917 disestablishments in Russia]]
▲[[Category:19th century in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)]]
▲[[Category:History of Adjara]]
▲[[Category:Modern history of Georgia (country)]]
▲[[Category:Oblasts of the Russian Empire]]
▲[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1883]]
▲[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1917]]
▲[[Category:States and territories established in 1878]]
▲[[Category:States and territories established in 1903]]
 
▲{{Georgia-hist-stub}}
▲{{coord|41|38|45|N|41|38|30|E|display=title}}
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