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→See also: Portals aren’t needed for every diaspora. |
HockeyFanNHL (talk | contribs) Corrected the top heading about confusions |
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{{short description|American descendants of Ulster Scots}}
{{distinguish|Irish Americans|Irish Scottish people|
{{About|American descendants of Ulster Scots|ancestral group|Ulster Scots people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
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| total = '''2,500,076 (0.7%) alone or in combination'''<br/>
'''977,075 (0.3%) "
{{small|2021 estimates, self-reported}}<ref name="ACS2021">{{cite web|url=https://usa.ipums.org/usa/|title=IPUMS USA|publisher=[[University of Minnesota]]|access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
'''Estimate of
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'''Scotch-Irish''' (or '''Scots-Irish''') '''Americans''' are American descendants of [[Ulster Scots people]] (predominantly [[Ulster Protestants]]) who emigrated from [[Ulster]] ([[Ireland|Ireland's]] northernmost province) to
The term ''Scotch-Irish'' is used primarily in the United States,<ref name=Leyburn327>Leyburn 1962, p. 327.</ref> with people in Great Britain or Ireland who are of a similar ancestry identifying as [[Ulster Scots people]]. Many left for North America, but over 100,000 Scottish Presbyterians still lived in Ulster in 1700.<ref>John Sherry, "Scottish Presbyterian networks in Ulster and the Irish House of Commons, 1692–1714." ''Parliaments, Estates and Representation'' 33.2 (2013): 120−139 at p. 121.</ref> Many English-born settlers of this period were also Presbyterians. When King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] attempted to force these Presbyterians into the [[Church of England]] in the 1630s, many chose to re-emigrate to North America where religious liberty was greater. Later attempts to force the Church of England's control over dissident Protestants in Ireland led to further waves of emigration to the transatlantic colonies.<ref>[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~varockbr/scotpres.htm ''Scotch-Irish Presbyterians: From Ulster to Rockbridge'', by Angela M. Ruley 3 October 1993. Rootsweb]</ref>
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Fischer prefers to speak of "borderers" (referring to the historically war-torn England-Scotland border) as the population ancestral to the "backcountry" "cultural stream" (one of the four major and persistent cultural streams from Ireland and Britain which he identifies in American history). He notes the borderers had substantial [[English people|English]] and [[Scandinavia]]n roots. He describes them as being quite different from Gaelic-speaking groups such as the Scottish Highlanders or Irish (that is, Gaelic-speaking and predominantly Roman Catholic).
An example of the use of the term is found in ''A History of Ulster'': "Ulster Presbyterians – known as the
Many have claimed that such a distinction should not be used, and that those called Scotch-Irish are simply Irish.<ref name=Leyburn327/> Other Irish limit the term ''Irish'' to those of native Gaelic stock, and prefer to describe the [[Ulster Protestants]] as ''British'' (a description many Ulster Protestants have preferred themselves to ''Irish'', at least since the [[Irish Free State]] broke free from the United Kingdom, although ''Ulstermen'' has been adopted in order to maintain a distinction from the native Irish Gaels while retaining a claim to the North of Ireland).<ref>James G. Leyburn (1962). [http://www.irishgenealogy.com/surnames/migration-scotch-irish.htm "The Scotch-Irish"]. In ''The Scotch-Irish: A Social History''. University of North Carolina Press.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Brian M.|title=We all can be Irish, British or both|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|publisher=[[Independent News & Media]]|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/news-analysis/we-all-can-be-irish-british-or-both-31290843.html|date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> However, as one scholar observed in 1944, "in this country [the US], where they have been called Scotch-Irish for over two hundred years, it would be absurd to give them a name by which they are not known here. ... Here their name is Scotch-Irish; let us call them by it."<ref>Wayland F. Dunaway, ''The Scotch-Irish of Colonial America'', 1944, University of North Carolina Press</ref>
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