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{{Short description|Rapid attack into enemy territory}}
[[File:Razzia_of_Circassian_Guerillas._Edmund_Spencer._Turkey,_Russia,_the_Black_Sea,_and_Circassia.P.359.jpg|thumb|Razzia of [[Circassians|Circassian]] guerillas (1855)|upright=1.2]]
A '''razzia'''
Over time, its meaning has also been extended to other activities that bear certain similarities to these attacks, such as [[police raid]]s or certain violent incursions by organized or [[paramilitary]] groups, such as those carried out in Brazilian [[favela]]s, or in refugee camps during the [[Second Congo War|war]] in [[Central Africa]].
== Etymology ==
The word is from French ''razzia'' 'incursion', and from Algerian Arabic ''ġaziya'' (غزية),'' "algara"'' or 'raid'. ''Ghazwah'' (plural ''ghazawat'') ([[Arabic]]: غزوة) is an originally Arabic term meaning "invasion".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Zahid |first=Ishaq |title=GLOSSARY OF ISLAMIC TERMS |url=http://www.islam101.com/selections/glossaryGH.html |access-date=20 November 2008}}</ref> It comes from the triconsonantal root ''g.z.w.'' ("to attack"). It has the same connotation as the words ''ghaziya'' and ''maghazi'', which in pre-Islamic times referred to raids organized by [[nomad]]ic [[Bedouin]] warriors for the purpose of plundering rival tribes or sedentary, wealthier neighbors.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=George |title=List of languages: Ghazw |url=https://essaywriter.org/language-essay-topics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209042750/http://www.aboutlanguageschools.com/language/list/list_g.asp |archive-date=9 December 2008 |access-date=20 November 2008}}</ref> The plural ''ghazawat'' is used in some [[Islam]]ic countries as a synonym for "judgment".<ref name=":2" />
* The word ''ghazwa'' was originally applied to those battles in which [[Muhammad]] personally participated.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Aboul-Enein |first1=H. Yousuf |title=Islamic Rulings on Warfare |last2=Zuhur |first2=Sherifa |year=2004 |publisher=Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, Diane Publishing Co., Darby PA |isbn=1-4289-1039-5 |pages=6}}</ref> Over time it has evolved to be associated with battles related to the expansion of [[Islam]]. The term ''ghazi'' or ''"Warrior of the Faith"'' was used to identify participants in such battles<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> and is synonymous with the roots ''ghāziya'' and ''maghāzī''.
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