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{{Short description|Administrative centers used by Nazi leaders throughout World War II}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Führer'' Headquarters}}
[[ The '''''Führer'' Headquarters''' ({{lang-de|Führerhauptquartiere}}), abbreviated '''FHQ''', were a number of official headquarters used by the [[Nazism|Nazi]] leader [[Adolf Hitler]] and various other [[Nazi Germany|German]] commanders and officials throughout Europe during
==Introduction==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1999-0412-502, Obersalzberg, Berghof von Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|225px|The ''[[Berghof (residence)|Berghof]]'', Hitler's home near [[Berchtesgaden]], became part of the [[Obersalzberg]] military complex. Other than the ''[[Wolf's Lair|Wolfsschanze]]'' in [[East Prussia]], Hitler spent more time at the Berghof than anywhere else during [[World War II]].]]
At the beginning of [[World War II]] there were no permanent headquarters constructed for the ''[[Führer]]''. Hitler visited the frontlines using either
The ''Führer'' Headquarters were especially designed to work as command facilities for the ''Führer'', which meant all necessary demands were taken into consideration; communications, conference rooms, safety measures, bunkers, guard facilities etc. were prepared accordingly. Even ''Berghof'' and the Obersalzberg complex were modified and extended with considerable defense facilities (bunkers, guard posts etc.). The ''[[Wehrmachtbericht]]'', a daily propaganda broadcast covering the war, was also transmitted from the ''Führer'' Headquarters.
The ''Fuhrerhauptquartiere'' programme used over one million cubic metres of concrete, more than half at Anlage Riese and Wolfsschlucht II. Forced labourers worked for nearly twelve million working days; two-thirds at Anlage Riese, Wolfsschlucht II and Wolfsschanze.
The ''Führer'' Headquarters cannot be considered as strict military headquarters; the ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' had their own, distinctly located in other places, yet often in the vicinity of the FHQs. Nevertheless, because Hitler directly controlled much of the German war effort, the FHQs more often than not became ''[[de facto]]'' military headquarters. In reality, Nazi Germany's military command during the war generally rested upon Hitler's directives, while the rest of the military command structure, especially the ''[[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht]] (OKW)'' (directly controlled by Hitler) was reduced to executing his decisions, as compared to most other nations' command structures, which generally had more independence in decision-making.{{cn|date=March 2022}}
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|1 Sep 1939
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|yes – used by Hitler during the [[Battle of the Bulge|Ardennes offensive]]; was too late for invasion of Poland, and Hitler told Speer it was
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|[[Führerhauptquartier Anlage Mitte|Anlage Mitte]]<ref name="RRGuidePage48to51"/>
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|1 Nov 1941
|yes
|yes
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|[[Wolf's Lair|Wolfsschanze]]<ref>Raiber, Richard, ''Guide to Hitler's Headquarters, After The Battle, No. 19'', p. 28.</ref>
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|1 Sep 1942
|yes
|yes.
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|Zigeuner<ref name="RRGuidePage2and3"/>
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==Special train (''Führersonderzug'')==
{{main|Führersonderzug}}
The Führersonderzug train was named ''Führersonderzug "Amerika"'' in 1940, and later ''Führersonderzug "Brandenburg"''. The train was used as a headquarters until the [[
==See also==
* [[National
* [[Nazi architecture]]
* [[Vorbunker]]
* [https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Category:F%C3%BChrer_Headquarters Map over places]▼
==References==
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*{{cite book | editor1-last = Eberle | editor1-first = Henrik | editor2-last = Uhl | editor2-first = Matthias | year = 2005 | title = The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin from the Interrogations of Hitler's Personal Aides | publisher = Public Affairs | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-58648-366-1 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerbooksecret00parp }}
* Hansen, Hans-Josef: ''Felsennest - Das vergessene Führerhauptquartier in der Eifel. Bau, Nutzung, Zerstörung''. Aachen 2006, Helios-Verlag, {{ISBN|3-938208-21-X}}.
* Kuffner, Alexander: ''Zeitreiseführer Eifel
*{{cite book | last=Lehrer | first=Steven | author-link=Steven Lehrer | year=2006 | title=[[The Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker Complex]]. An Illustrated History of the Seat of the Nazi Regime | publisher=McFarland | location=Jefferson, NC | isbn=978-0-7864-2393-4 }}
*{{cite book | last = McNab | first = Chris | title = Hitler's Fortresses: German Fortifications and Defences
* Raiber, Richard, ''Guide to Hitler's Headquarters'', ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071226034902/http://www.afterthebattle.com/ab-con1.html After the Battle], No.19, Special Edition'', Battle of Britain International Ltd, 1977, London
* Ramsey, Winston G. (editor) & Posch, Tom (researcher), ''The Berlin Führerbunker: The Thirteenth Hole, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071226034902/http://www.afterthebattle.com/ab-con1.html After the Battle], No. 61, Special Edition'', Battle of Britain International Ltd, 1988, London
* Pierre Rhode/Werner Sünkel: ''Wolfsschlucht 2 – Autopsie eines Führerhauptquartiers'', Verlag Werner Sünkel Geschichte+Technik, Leinburg 1993, {{ISBN|3-930060-81-7}}
* Werner Sünkel/Rudolf Rack/Pierre Rhode: ''Adlerhorst – Autopsie eines Führerhauptquartiers'', Verlag Werner Sünkel Geschichte +Technik, Offenhausen 1998, {{ISBN|3-930060-97-3}}
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{{Commons category|Führer's headquarters}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110403033754/http://startext.net-build.de:8080/barch/MidosaSEARCH/RW47-33770/xml/inhalt/titelblatt.htm Bundesarchiv – Der Kommandant Führerhauptquartiere]
▲* [https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Category:F%C3%BChrer_Headquarters Map over places]
{{Adolf Hitler}}
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