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| num_protons = 79
| abundance =
| halflife = {{val|2.
| image =Gold-198.svg
| decay_product = mercury-198
| decay_symbol = Hg
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| binding_energy =
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'''Gold-198''' (<sup>198</sup>Au) is a [[radioactive]] [[isotope]] of [[gold]]. It undergoes [[beta decay]] to stable <sup>198</sup>[[Mercury (element)|Hg]] with a [[half-life]] of 2.
▲'''Gold-198''' (<sup>198</sup>Au) is a [[radioactive]] [[isotope]] of [[gold]]. It undergoes [[beta decay]] to stable <sup>198</sup>[[Mercury (element)|Hg]] with a [[half-life]] of 2.697 days.
The decay properties of <sup>198</sup>Au have led to widespread interest in its potential use in [[radiotherapy]] for [[Treatment of cancer|cancer treatments]]. This isotope has also found use in [[nuclear weapons]] research and as a [[radioactive tracer]] in [[hydrological]] research.
==Discovery==
<sup>198</sup>Au was possibly observed for the first time in 1935 by [[Enrico Fermi]] et al., though it was not correctly identified at the time. This isotope was conclusively identified in 1937 following [[neutron capture|neutron irradiation]] of stable [[gold-197|<sup>197</sup>Au]] and was ascribed a half-life of approximately 2.7 days.<ref name=isodisc>{{cite journal|last1=Schuh|first1=A.|last2=Fritsch|first2=A.|last3=Ginepro|first3=J.Q.|last4=Heim|first4=M.|last5=Shore|first5=A.|last6=Thoennessen|first6=M.|title=Discovery of the gold isotopes|date=2010|journal=[[Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables]]|volume=96|issue=3|pages=307–314|doi=10.1016/j.adt.2009.12.001|arxiv=0903.1797|bibcode=2010ADNDT..96..307S |s2cid=98691829|url=https://people.nscl.msu.edu/~thoennes/2009/gold-adndt.pdf}}</ref>
==Applications==
[[File:Au198.svg|thumb|left|upright=1|Decay scheme of <sup>198</sup>Au to <sup>198</sup>Hg]]
=== Nuclear medicine ===
<sup>198</sup>Au is used for radiotherapy in some cancer treatments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.missouri.edu/~kattik/katti/katres.html |title=Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Nanomedicine: Hybrid Nanoparticles In Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer |publisher=Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314121232/http://web.missouri.edu/~kattik/katti/katres.html |archivedate=March 14, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1211/jpp.60.8.0005 | title = Radiotherapy enhancement with gold nanoparticles | year = 2008 | last1 = Hainfeld | first1 = James F. | last2 = Dilmanian | first2 = F. Avraham | last3 = Slatkin | first3 = Daniel N. | last4 = Smilowitz | first4 = Henry M. | journal = Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology | volume = 60 | issue = 8 | pages = 977–85 | pmid = 18644191| s2cid = 32861131 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
Its half-life and beta [[decay energy]] are favorable for use in medicine because its 4 [[millimeter|mm]] penetration range in tissue allows it to destroy [[tumors]] without nearby non-cancerous tissue being affected by radiation.<ref name=kvk>{{cite conference|last1=Katti|first1=K.V.|last2=Khoobchandanai|first2=M.|last3=Al-Yasiri|first3=A.|last4=Katti|first4=K.K.|last5=Cutler|first5=C.|last6=Loyalka|first6=S.K.|title=Radioactive Gold-198 Nanoparticles In Nanomedicine: Green Nanotechnology and Radiochemical Approaches in Oncology|date=2017|conference=6th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry|location=Jeju|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323525522}}</ref> For this reason, <sup>198</sup>Au
===Radioactive tracing===
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===Nuclear weapons===
Gold has been proposed as a material for creating a [[salted bomb|salted nuclear weapon]] ([[cobalt]] is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of natural {{chem|197|Au}} (the only stable [[isotopes of gold|gold isotope]]), irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding [[thermonuclear weapon]], would transmute into the radioactive isotope <sup>198</sup>Au with a half-life of 2.697 days and produce approximately 0.411 [[MeV]] of [[Gamma ray|gamma radiation]], significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's [[Nuclear fallout|fallout]] for several days. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used.<ref>{{cite journal
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|author2 = M. Al Masum |
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|issue = 4
|pages = 199–219
|access-date = 2024-04-28
|archive-date = 2009-03-26
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326001457/http://www.journal.au.edu/au_techno/2003/apr2003/aujt6-4_article07.pdf
|url-status = bot: unknown
}}</ref>
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[[Category:Isotopes of gold|Gold-198]]
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