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===Drag===
{{main|Drag (entertainment)}}
The term "drag" has evolved over time. Traditional definitions of the term drag utilized a [[gender binary]] which used a sex-based definition of drag where a person would be considered "in drag" if they were wearing the clothes of the opposite sex for the purposes of entertainment. However, with new paradigms of [[gender identity]] and the embrace of [[non-binary gender]], newer definitions of drag have abandoned this binary framework in favor of defining drag as an art form of gender performance which is not limited to a binary framework but which must engage with and critique conceptions of gender in some fashion. This could include explorations with heightened forms of masculinity or femininity, as well as playing with other forms of gender identity.<ref name="Whitely">{{cite book|url=https://
Unlike [[female impersonation]], the term drag is closely associated with [[queer identity]].<ref name="SQ"/> This close association between the term drag and the LGBTQ community began in the United States in the 1920s with the [[Pansy Craze]] when the first gay bars in America were established by the mafia during the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition Era]] and drag entertainers became a popular form of entertainment at these underground gay [[speakeasies]]. Before this point, the term drag was not necessarily associated with gay culture, but after this point
Traditionally, drag involves [[cross-dressing]] and transforming ones sex through the use of makeup and other costume devices.<ref name="NCTE">{{cite web|url=https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/Understanding-Drag-April-2017.pdf|title=Understanding Drag|publisher=National Center for Transgender Equity|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324165207/https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/Understanding-Drag-April-2017.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mansbridge">{{Cite journal |last=Mansbridge |first=Joanna |title=Fantasies of Exposure: Belly Dancing, the Veil, and the Drag of History |url=https://www.academia.edu/24315485 |journal=2016 Journal of Popular Culture |date=January 2016 |volume=49 |pages=29–56 |doi=10.1111/jpcu.12381 |access-date=24 March 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410130335/https://www.academia.edu/24315485 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, under newer conceptions of drag, conceivably performing an exaggerated and heightened form of one's own gender could be considered a drag performance.<ref name="Whitely"/> While drag is often viewed as a performance based art form and a
The origin of the term ''drag'' is uncertain.<ref name="Gerstner-2012">{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture |editor-last1=Gerstner |editor-first1=David A. |title=Drag |last1=Baroni |first1=Monica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=851qoMjA3icC&pg=PA191 |date=2012 |orig-year=1st pub. 2006 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=New York |isbn=978-1-136-76181-2 |oclc=815980386 |pages=191 |access-date=27 April 2018 }}</ref> The first recorded use of ''drag'' in reference to actors dressed in women's clothing is from 1870.<ref name="González-2008">{{cite book |editor1=María de los Ángeles Gómez González |editor2=J. Lachlan Mackenzie |editor3=Elsa M. González Álvarez Tan|author1=Felix Rodriguez Gonzales |title=Languages and Cultures in Contrast and Comparison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Sk6AAAAQBAJ |series=Pragmatics & beyond new series v 175 |date=26 June 2008 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |location=Philadelphia |page=231 |chapter=The feminine stereotype in gay characterization: A look at English and Spanish |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Sk6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA221 |isbn=978-90-272-9052-6 |oclc=860469091 |access-date=29 April 2017 }}</ref> It may have been based on the term "grand rag" which was historically used for a [[masquerade ball]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/49043126 |title=William Dorsey Swann |first=Channing Gerard |last=Joseph |journal=African American National Biography |date=20 May 2021 |publisher=Oxford African American Studies Center |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902155525/https://www.academia.edu/49043126 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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===Female impersonator===
{{main|Female impersonation}}
The term ''female impersonation'' refers to a type of theatrical performance where a man dresses in women's clothing for the sole purpose of entertaining an audience.<ref name="SQ"/> The term ''female impersonator'' is sometimes used interchangeably with drag queen, although they are not the same.<ref name="SQ"/> For example, in 1972, Esther Newton described a female impersonator as a "professional drag queen".<ref name="newton_3"/> She considered the term ''female impersonator'' to be the one that was (then) widely understood by heterosexual audiences.<ref name="newton_3"/> However, feminist and queer studies scholar Sarah French defined a clear separation between these two terms. She defined drag as an art form associated with [[queer identity]] whereas female impersonation comes from a wide a range of [[gender identity]] paradigms, including [[heteronormativity]]. Additionally, many drag artists view drag as a lived form of self-expression or creativity, and perceive drag as something that is not limited to the stage or to performance. In contrast, female impersonation is specifically limited to performance and may or may not involve an LGBTQI point of view.<ref name="SQ">{{cite book|url=https://
Female impersonation can be traced back at least as far as ancient Greece. There was little to no gender equity then and women held a lower social status. This meant male actors would play female roles during theatrical performances.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gewertz|first=Ken|date=17 July 2003|title=When men were men (and women, too)|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2003/07/when-men-were-men-and-women-too/|access-date=10 February 2022|website=The Harvard Gazette|archive-date=11 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211052711/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2003/07/when-men-were-men-and-women-too/|url-status=live}}</ref> This tradition continued for centuries but began to be less prevalent as motion pictures became popular. During the era of [[vaudeville]] it was considered immodest for women to appear on stage. Due to that circumstance, some men became famous as "female impersonators", the most notable being [[Julian Eltinge]]. At the peak of his career he was one of the most sought after and highest paid actors in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goodman|first=Elyssa|date=6 April 2018|title=Drag Herstory: This Drag Queen Was Once the Highest Paid Actor in the World|url=https://www.them.us/story/julian-eltinge-drag-queen-history|access-date=10 February 2022|website=them.|archive-date=11 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211051829/https://www.them.us/story/julian-eltinge-drag-queen-history|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Andrew Tribble]] was another early female impersonator who gained fame on Broadway and in [[Black Vaudeville]]. <ref name="Kentucky">{{cite web |title=Tribble, Andrew A. |url=https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/59 |website=Notable Kentucky African Americans Database |publisher=University of Kentucky |access-date=February 3, 2024}}</ref>
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==== Protests ====
{{Main|Cooper Donuts Riot|Compton's Cafeteria riot|Stonewall riots|Invasion of the Pines}}
[[File:Manifestation pour le mariage pour tous Paris 16 12 2012 13.jpg|thumb|[[Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence]] at a
The [[Cooper Donuts Riot]] was a May 1959 incident in [[Los Angeles]] in which drag queens, lesbians, transgender women, and gay men rioted; it was one of the first [[LGBT]] protests in the United States.<ref name="Out">{{cite news|last1=Moffitt|first1=Evan|date=31 May 2015|title=10 Years Before Stonewall, There Was the Cooper's Donuts Riot|work=Out Magazine|agency=Here Media Inc.|url=https://www.out.com/today-gay-history/2015/5/31/today-gay-history-10-years-stonewall-there-was-coopers-donuts-riot|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621211159/https://www.out.com/today-gay-history/2015/5/31/today-gay-history-10-years-stonewall-there-was-coopers-donuts-riot|archive-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>
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In 1961, drag queen [[José Sarria]] ran for the [[San Francisco Board of Supervisors]], becoming the first openly gay candidate for public office in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/society/people/2013/08/19/legendary-drag-queen-jos%C3%A9-julia-sarria-dead-91|title=Legendary Drag Queen José Julia Sarria Dead at 91|date=19 August 2013|website=www.advocate.com|access-date=21 December 2022|archive-date=21 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221031827/https://www.advocate.com/society/people/2013/08/19/legendary-drag-queen-jos%C3%A9-julia-sarria-dead-91|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[Neil Miller (writer)|Miller, Neil]] (1995). ''Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present'', pg. 347.. New York, Vintage Books. {{ISBN|0-09-957691-0}}.</ref>
In 2019, [[Maebe A. Girl]] became the first drag queen elected to public office in the United States when she was elected to the [[Silver Lake, Los Angeles|Silver Lake]] Neighborhood Council.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://qvoicenews.com/2019/04/05/drag-queen-maebe-a-girl-running-for-silver-lake-neighborhood-council/|title=Drag queen Maebe A. Girl running for Silver Lake Neighborhood Council|first=Beatriz E.|last=Valenzuela|date=April 5, 2019|website=Q Voice News|access-date=March 3, 2020|archive-date=March 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303201628/https://qvoicenews.com/2019/04/05/drag-queen-maebe-a-girl-running-for-silver-lake-neighborhood-council/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaeEjSz9JQw|title=NowThis News: Meet the First Drag Queen Elected to Public Office in the United States|website=YouTube|date=29 June 2019 |access-date=March 3, 2020|archive-date=March 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329043648/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaeEjSz9JQw|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/maebe-a-girl-silver-lake/|title=Meet the First Drag Queen to Be Elected to Public Office in California|first=Steven|last=Blum|date=April 12, 2019|newspaper=Lamag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles|access-date=March 3, 2020|archive-date=November 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108122719/https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/maebe-a-girl-silver-lake/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Other ====
[[D'Arcy Drollinger]] was appointed [[San Francisco]]’s first drag [[laureate]] in May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=SF Bestows First
== Drag families ==
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== In entertainment ==
=== Drag shows and venues ===
[[File:Sofia Pride 2019 Drag Queen.png|thumb|Drag queen at [[Sofia Pride]]
[[File:Lorellasukkiarini.jpg|thumb|alt=A drag queen putting on lip liner|A drag queen preparing [[theatrical makeup|stage makeup]]]]
A [[drag show]] is a piece of entertainment consisting of a variety of songs, [[monologue]]s or skits featuring either single performers or groups of performers in drag meant to entertain an audience.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Newton|first=Esther|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtBI3fTtZzsC&q=drag+show&pg=PA132|title=Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America|date=15 May 1979|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-57760-9|pages=132|language=en}}</ref> They range from amateur performances at small bars to elaborately staged theatrical presentations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Underwood|first=Lisa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDTxVpy1CuYC&q=drag+show&pg=PA66|title=The Drag Queen Anthology: The Absolutely Fabulous but Flawlessly Customary World of Female Impersonators|date=11 January 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-56935-7|language=en}}</ref> Many drag shows feature performers singing or [[Lip sync|lip-synching]] to songs while performing a pre-planned [[pantomime]], or dancing. The performers often don elaborate costumes and makeup, and sometimes dress to imitate various famous female singers or personalities. Some events are centered around drag, such as [[Southern Decadence]] where the majority of festivities are led by the Grand Marshals, who are traditionally drag queens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southerndecadence.net |title=Southern Decadence Official Website |publisher=Southerndecadence.net |date=3 September 2013 |access-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902130212/http://www.southerndecadence.net/ |archive-date=2 September 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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