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| term_start2 = 28 October 2003
| term_end2 = 27 November 2006
| primeminister2 = [[Helen Clark]]
| deputy2 = [[Nick Smith (New Zealand politician)|Nick Smith]]<br />[[Gerry Brownlee]]
| predecessor2 = [[Bill English]]
| successor2 = [[John Key]]
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}}
 
'''Donald Thomas Brash''' (born 24 September 1940) is a former [[New Zealand]] politician who was [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] and [[Leader of the New Zealand National Party|Leaderleader]] of the [[New Zealand National Party]] from October 2003 to November 2006, and the Leaderleader of the [[ACT New Zealand]] party for seven months from April to November 2011.
 
In 1988, Brash becamewas Governor of the [[Reserve Bank of New Zealand]], afor positionfourteen whichyears hefrom held1988 forto theApril next2002. fourteenHe years.resigned Into Aprilstand 2002,as beforea [[list MP]] for the National Party in the [[2002 New Zealand general election|the2002 general election on 27 July]], Brash resigned from his position.<ref>{{cite web|title=Governors of the Reserve Bank – past and present |url=http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/about-us/chronology-of-reserve-bank-governors|publisher=Reserve Bank|access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref> toBrash standwas asranked ahigh [[liston MP]]the forparty thelist Nationaland Party. Heso was elected, despite significantthe losses[[Bill forEnglish]]-led National inParty thatbeing electionheavily defeated. HeBrash challenged [[Bill English]] for's leadership ofposition the Nationalnext Partyyear, beingand was elected Leaderhead of the party on 28 October 2003. On 27 January 2004, BrashHe delivered his controversial [[Orewa Speech|a speech at Orewa]] on 27 January 2004 that proved controversial, expressing opposition to perceived [[Māori people|Māori]] separatism, through New Zealand's equitable measures designed to benefit them.
 
AtIn the [[2005 New Zealand general election|17 September 2005 general election]], the National Party made major gains under Brash's leadership made major gains and achieved whatits wasbest result (at thethat time the party's best result) since the institutionintroduction of the [[mixed-member proportional representation|mixed-member proportional]] electoral system in 1993 – recovering from its worst ever result in 2002. Final results placedHowever, National won two seats behindfewer than the incumbent [[New Zealand Labour Party]], withand Nationalwas unable to secure a majority from the minor parties to form a governinggovernment. Brash resigned as party leader on 27 November 2006, and retired from Parliament in February coalition2007.
 
On 27 November 2006, Brash resigned as National Party Leader. He subsequently retired from Parliament in February 2007. In October 2008, he was appointed as an adjunct professor of Banking in the Business School at the [[Auckland University of Technology]],<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/ED0810/S00016.htm |title=Brash joins AUT|date= 6 October 2008|publisher=Auckland University of Technology|access-date=29 April 2011 }}</ref> and an adjunct professor in the School of Economics and Finance at [[La Trobe University]] in Melbourne, Australia.
 
On 28 April 2011, Brash was elected the Leader ofjoined ACT (a minor [[libertarian]] party) after his bid foras its leadershipleader, wasreplacing accepted and[[Rodney he was confirmed by the ACT caucus and boardHide]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/74074/act-party-ratifies-don-brash-leadership|title=ACT party ratifies Don Brash leadership|work=Radio New Zealand|date=30 April 2011|author=RNZ News }}</ref> He resigned lateras that yearleader on 26the Novembernight of the [[2011 New Zealand general election|2011 general election]] in November due to ACT's poor showing in the election, and its failure to gain any seats apart from its electorate strong-hold of {{NZ electorate link|Epsom}}. In 2016, he founded the right-wing<ref>Barendze, Robin Aldrich. (2018). ''The (in)visibility of Hobson’s Pledge: A struggle for survival in the sociopolitical environment of Aotearoa/New Zealand'' (unpublished master's thesis). Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. https://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/15126/02_whole.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}
</ref> lobby group [[Hobson's Pledge]], to seek to nullify the partnership between Māori and [[the Crown]], and further oppose equitable measures for Māori.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.hobsonspledge.nz/about_us |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Hobson's Pledge}}</ref>
 
== Childhood, education and marriage ==
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== Early career ==
[[File:Don Brash, 1977.jpg|thumb|upright|Brash in 1977]]{{MoreBLP citations neededsources section|date=December 2021}}
Brash went to [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States in 1966 to work as an economist for the [[World Bank]]. However, he returned to New Zealand in 1971 to become general manager of Broadbank Corporation, a [[merchant bank]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}
 
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== Reserve Bank governor ==
{{MoreBLP citations neededsources section|date=December 2021}}
In 1988 Brash became governor of the [[Reserve Bank of New Zealand]], a position which he held for the next 14 years. Brash consistently met Government-set targets to keep inflation within 3% during his time as governor, and during his tenure interest-rates dropped from double-digit to single-digit percentages.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}
 
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There is a range of opinion on Brash's performance as Reserve Bank governor. The New Zealand Association of Economists describe Brash's success in establishing an independent central bank with an inflation target and in reducing inflation as a highlight of his career.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.nzae.org.nz/nzae-news/distinguished-fellow/don-brash-awarded-distinguished-fellow-of-nzae/ |title= Distinguished Fellow Donald T Brash |year=2007 |access-date=4 January 2012 |publisher=New Zealand Association of Economists }}</ref> Documentary maker Alister Barry described Brash as "an extremist, an idealist" whose "ideal world is where the free market reigns supreme". Barry considered that Brash manipulated public opinion towards neo-liberal economics and gave as examples Brash's advocacy for abolishing the minimum wage and his Hayek Memorial Lecture to the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0412/S00255.htm |title=Documentary Maker Alister Barry on What Don Brash Would Do As Prime Minister|publisher=Scoop News|first=Kevin |last=List|date=22 December 2004|access-date=7 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/speeches/0031201.html|title=New Zealand's remarkable reforms|work=An address by Donald T Brash Governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand to the Fifth Annual Hayek Memorial Lecture Institute of Economic Affairs, London|publisher=Reserve Bank of New Zealand|last=Brash|first=Don|date=4 June 1996|access-date=7 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501150942/http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/speeches/0031201.html|archive-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
 
In 1990, Brash was awarded the [[New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal]].<ref name="HBTQ">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Alister |last2=Coddington |first2=Deborah |author-link1=Alister Taylor |author-link2=Deborah Coddington |title=Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand |year=1994 |publisher=New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa |location=Auckland |isbn=0-908578-34-2 |page=75}}</ref> In 2002, he was inducted into the [[New Zealand Business Hall of Fame]], in recognition of his role as central bank governor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businesshalloffame.co.nz/past-laureates/ |title=Past laureates |website=Business Hall of Fame |access-date=19 February 2023}}</ref>
 
== Member of Parliament ==
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{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|2002}} |end=2005|term=47th|electorate=List|list=5|party=New Zealand National Party}}
{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|2005}} |end=2007|term=48th|electorate=List|list=1|party=New Zealand National Party}}
{{End}}
{{NZ parlbox footer}}
{{MoreBLP citations neededsources section|date=December 2021}}
On 26 April 2002, shortly before the [[2002 New Zealand general election|2002 general election]], Brash resigned as Reserve Bank governor to stand as a candidate for Parliament on the National Party list. The Party ranked him in fifth place on its [[party list]] – exceptional treatment for a newcomer from outside the House of Representatives.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} Most unusually among National candidates, he stood as a list candidate without running for an [[electoral district|electorate seat]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} Though National had its worst performance ever, gaining only 21% of the party vote, Brash's high place on the party list assured him of a seat in Parliament.
 
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== Leader of the Opposition ==
{{MoreBLP citations neededsources section|date=December 2021}}
Brash won a [[caucus]] vote on 28 October 2003, making him Leader of the National Party Caucus (and thus [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]) after one year as a Member of Parliament. He remained National's finance spokesman, appointing the equally new MP [[John Key]] as his deputy finance-spokesman, and eventually appointing Key the primary finance-spokesman after a Caucus reshuffle in August 2004.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}
 
=== Orewa speech ===
{{MoreBLP citations neededsources section|date=July 2022}}
 
{{Main|Orewa Speech}}
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{{cite press release| title = Statement from Don Brash requesting privacy | publisher=NZ National Party press release retrieved via Scoop news site | date = 13 September 2006 | url = http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0609/S00298.htm | access-date = 13 September 2006}}</ref> Rumours of an extramarital affair came to the public's attention around this date after National MP [[Brian Connell]] allegedly confronted Brash in a caucus-meeting about the rumours. Details leaked to the press, and in the weeks that followed the National Party caucus suspended Connell from membership of the caucus.
 
On Saturday 23 September, Brash appeared on [[Television New Zealand]]'s ''Agenda'' news programprogramme and acknowledged that he had met with [[Exclusive Brethren]] representatives after the 2005 general election.
 
Brash indicated his intention to remain the leader of the National Party and to contest the next election in that role. However, it became increasingly clear that the caucus preferred Finance Spokesman John Key, whose rating steadily rose in "preferred Prime Minister" polls. Key made no move publicly, but Brash's reputation for honesty and political competence eroded when, for example, broadcast footage showed him walking a plank,{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} and when allegations appeared of his having an affair with an Auckland businesswoman, Diane Foreman – a charge he has never denied. Despite these setbacks, when asked by an interviewer for an article published in the United Kingdom on 18 November 2006 if he planned to remain leader of his party, "...the Clark Kent of Kiwi politics [Brash] turned to me and smiled gently. 'That's my intention,'..."<ref name="Spectator">{{cite news | last = Heath | first = Allister | title = A Kiwi conservative's message for Dave | work = The Spectator UK | date = 18 November 2006 | url = http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/features/26425/a-kiwi-conservatives-message-for-dave.thtml | access-date = 18 November 2006 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080606031403/http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/features/26425/a-kiwi-conservatives-message-for-dave.thtml | archive-date = 6 June 2008 }}
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=== Resignation ===
{{wikinewsartwikinews|New Zealand National Party leader, Don Brash, resigns}}
 
During a hastily called press-conference on Thursday 23 November 2006, Brash announced his resignation as the National Party leader, effective from 27 November. Speculation regarding his leadership had foreshadowed this move, and the publicity had had a negative effect on his political party. The publicity came to a head just before the scheduled publication of a book written by [[Nicky Hager]] containing leaked emails (amongst other allegedly damaging revelations).
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=== Career after national politics ===
On 18 May 2007, Brash joined the [[ANZ New Zealand|ANZ National Bank]] board as Rob McLeod retired from the board to return to his accounting practice. He also chairs Huljich Wealth Management, an independent, specialist [[Investment management|funds-management]] company based in [[Auckland]], New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1003/S00119.htm |title=Brash replaces Huljich after KiwiSaver lapses|publisher=Scoop News|author=Businesswire|date=4 March 2010|access-date=1 May 2011 }}</ref> In late 2008 he was lecturing in economics at the [[Auckland University of Technology]] In April 2009 Brash was appointed as a director of the electricity grid operator Transpower.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/don-brash-join-transpower-board-100135|title = Don Brash to join Transpower board|work= The National Business Review|date = 7 April 2009|author = NBR Staff|access-date = 7 May 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120319225102/http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/don-brash-join-transpower-board-100135|archive-date = 19 March 2012|url-status = dead}}</ref>
 
In late April 2011, Brash, still a National Party member, announced that he would like to lead the [[ACT Party]], which would require incumbent leader [[Rodney Hide]] to step down. Hide dismissed any talk of a leadership challenge to him but Brash was quoted as saying, "I'd like to say to the board that, under my leadership, I believe Act has a much better prospect of not only getting back into Parliament but having a significant number of MPs." [[John Key]] also would not rule out working with Brash if it came down to a tight decision.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10721598 |title=President: Hide can fend off Brash – National |work= [[The New Zealand Herald]]|last= Donnell |first=Hayden |last2=Cheng |first2=Derek|date=26 April 2011|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
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On 7 August 2018, [[Massey University]] Vice-Chancellor Jan Thomas cancelled Brash's talk scheduled for the next day at the university's [[Palmerston North]] campus. She cited safety issues regarding Brash's support for the [[alt-right]] [[Canadian]] activists [[Lauren Southern]] and [[Stefan Molyneux]]'s Auckland tour and his leadership of the Hobson's Pledge advocacy group, which has advocated the abolition of the [[Local government in New Zealand#Māori wards and constituencies|Māori wards]]. She said too she "supported free speech on campus, but totally opposed hate speech".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rankine |first1=Janine |title=Massey University bans Don Brash from speaking|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/106068816/massey-university-bans-don-brash-from-speaking|access-date=8 August 2018 |publisher=Stuff |date=7 August 2018}}</ref>
 
Brash criticised her decision as a threat to free speech. The cancellation was criticised by various public figures including Prime Minister [[Jacinda Ardern]], [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|Education Minister]] [[Chris Hipkins]], [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Opposition Leader]] [[Simon Bridges]], and Massey University Students' Association President Ben Schmidt, and [[ACT New Zealand|ACT party]] leader [[David Seymour (New Zealand politician)|David Seymour]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bonnett |first1=Gill |title=Don Brash's talk to Massey students canned |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/363534/don-brash-s-talk-to-massey-students-canned |access-date=7 August 2018 |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=7 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Massey University vice chancellor stands her ground after banning Don Brash from speaking at event |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12102799 |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=7 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rankin |first1=Janine |title=Massey University bans Don Brash from speaking |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/106068816/massey-university-bans-don-brash-from-speaking |access-date=7 August 2018 |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=7 August 2018}}</ref> In addition, several Māori Members of Parliament including [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]] co-leader [[Marama Davidson]] and Labour MP [[Willie Jackson (politician)|Willie Jackson]] defended Brash's right to free speech while expressing disagreement with his views of Māori.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Moana Makapelu |title=Māori MPs defend Don Brash right to free speech |url=http://www.maoritelevision.com/news/regional/maori-mps-defend-don-brash-right-free-speech |access-date=10 September 2018 |publisher=[[Māori Television]] |date=8 August 2018}}</ref> Brash later received a second invitation and delivered a speech on the campus on 17 October 2018, where fewer than 100 students were reported to attend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-17 |title=Don Brash speaks at Massey University after controversy |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/368841/don-brash-speaks-at-massey-university-after-controversy |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-17 |title=Brash back on campus after ban |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/brash-back-campus-after-ban |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Otago Daily Times Online News |language=en}}</ref>
 
==COVID-19 pandemic==
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== Political positions ==
{{Conservatism New Zealand}}
Brash voted for the decriminalisation of both prostitution and euthanasia, voted against raising the drinking age back up to 20 and voted against [[Manukau City|Manukau]] banning street prostitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiwiblog.co.nz/2011/05/family_first_on_dons_voting_record.html |title=Family First on Don's voting record |publisher=Kiwiblog |date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2014-03-20}}</ref> Brash voted against the [[Civil union in New Zealand|Civil Unions Bill]] because he backed a public mandate for any change to the law.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0411/S00648.htm|title=Don Brash backs public mandate on civil unions|publisher=New Zealand National Party|date=30 November 2004}}</ref> He has also called for the decriminalisation of cannabis.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10754231">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10754231 |title=Don Brash calls for decriminalisation of cannabis |date=25 September 2011 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://act.org.nz/news/law-and-order-protecting-new-zealanders-from-crime |title=Let Mutu Speak! – Brash &#124; ACT New Zealand |publisher=Act.org.nz |date=2011-09-07 |access-date=2014-03-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711042422/http://act.org.nz/news/law-and-order-protecting-new-zealanders-from-crime |archive-date=11 July 2012 }}</ref>
 
In March 2013, Brash joined the debate over the future of Auckland, saying land needed to be freed up for residential zoning so house prices would come down, at odds with Mayor [[Len Brown]]'s plan to stop urban sprawl and build the city upwards.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Auckland-plan-will-make-congestion-worse---Brash/tabid/1607/articleID/290713/Default.aspx| archive-url= https://archive.today/20130413230342/http://www.3news.co.nz/Auckland-plan-will-make-congestion-worse---Brash/tabid/1607/articleID/290713/Default.aspx| url-status= dead| archive-date= 13 April 2013| work= 3 News NZ| title= Brown's plan worsens congestion – Brash| date= 18 March 2013}}</ref>
 
==Private life==
Since 2016<!-- in the embedded 2019 video, she says that they've been partners for 3 years -->, Brash's partner has been Margaret Murray-Benge<!-- Q126585357 -->.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kino |first1=Shilo |title=Local Focus: Don Brash's partner, Margaret Murray-Benge, insists she's not racist |url= https://www.nzherald.co.nz/bay-of-plenty-times/news/local-focus-don-brashs-partner-margaret-murray-benge-insists-shes-not-racist/BRQEWK4Z6H5ZZWF6T37VEKJZ7I/ |access-date=13 June 2024 |work=[[Bay of Plenty Times]] |date=16 July 2019}}</ref> As Margaret Murray, she was a councillor for Waimairi District (1977–1989), [[Christchurch City Council|Christchurch City]] (1992–1998),<ref>{{cite web |title=Margaret Elizabeth Murray JP |url= https://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/People/CivicLeaders/WomenInTheCouncilChamber/Councillor/?name=MargaretMurray |publisher=[[Christchurch City Libraries]] |access-date=13 June 2024}}</ref> Since 2004, she has been a councillor for [[Western Bay of Plenty District Council|Western Bay of Plenty District]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Foster |first1=Merle |title=Existing councillors bare intentions |url= https://www.sunlive.co.nz/news/50995-existing-councillors-bare-intentions.html |access-date=13 June 2024 |work=SunLive |date=15 August 2013}}</ref>
 
== Biography ==
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[[Category:20th-century New Zealand politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century New Zealand politicians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Auckland University of Technology faculty]]
[[Category:Australian National University alumni]]
[[Category:Governors of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand]]
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