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Line 9: \| caption = Cassiterite with [[muscovite]], from Xuebaoding, Huya, Pingwu, Mianyang, Sichuan, China (size: 100 x 95 mm, 1128 g) \| formula = SnO<sub>2</sub> \| IMAsymbol=Cst<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Warr\|first=L.N.\|date=2021\|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols~~\|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A~~\|journal=Mineralogical Magazine\|volume=85\|issue=3\|pages=291–320\|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43\|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W\|s2cid=235729616\|doi-access=free}}</ref> \| molweight = \| strunz = 4.DB.05 Line 37: \| diaphaneity = Transparent when light colored, dark material nearly opaque; commonly zoned \| other = \| references = <ref>[https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Cassiterite Mineralienatlas]</ref><ref name=Handbook>[{{cite web \|last1=Anthony \|first1=John W. \|last2=Bideaux \|first2=Richard A. \|last3=Bladh \|first3=Kenneth W. \|last4=Nichols \|first4=Monte C. \|title=Cassiterite \|url=http://~~rruff~~www.~~geo~~handbookofmineralogy.~~arizona.edu/doclib~~org/~~hom~~pdfs/cassiterite.pdf \|website=Handbook of Mineralogy] \|publisher=Mineral Data Publishing \|access-date=19 June 2022 \|date=2005}}</ref><ref name=Mindat>~~[http://www.~~{{mindat~~.org/min-~~\|id=917~~.html Mindat]~~\|title=Cassiterite}}</ref><ref name=Webmin>[http://webmineral.com/data/Cassiterite.shtml Webmineral]</ref><ref name=Klein>{{cite book \|~~last~~last1=Hurlbut \|~~first~~first1=Cornelius S. \|last2=Klein \|first2=Cornelis \|year=1985 \|title=Manual of Mineralogy \|edition=20th \|publisher=John Wiley and Sons \|location=New York \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/manualofmineralo00klei/page/306 306–307] \|isbn=0-471-80580-7 \|url-access=registration \|url=https://archive.org/details/manualofmineralo00klei/page/306 }}</ref> }} '''Cassiterite''' is a [[tin]] [[oxide mineral]], [[tin dioxide\|SnO<sub>2</sub>]]. It is generally [[Opacity (optics)\|opaque]], but it is translucent in thin crystals. Its [[Lustre (mineralogy)\|luster]] and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite was the chief tin [[ore]] throughout [[Tin sources and trade in ancient times\|ancient history]] and remains the most important source of tin today. ==Occurrence== [[File:Cassiterite.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Cassiterite [[bipyramids]], edge length ~~ca.~~ {{circa\|30 mm}}, [[Sichuan]], China]] [[Image:Cassiterite - Blue Tier tinfield, Tasmania, Australia.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Close up of cassiterite crystals, Blue Tier tinfield, [[Tasmania]], Australia]]▼ Most sources of cassiterite today are found in [[alluvium\|alluvial]] or [[placer mining\|placer]] deposits containing the resistant weathered grains. The best sources of primary cassiterite are found in the tin mines of [[Bolivia]], where it is found in crystallised [[hydrothermal]] veins. [[Rwanda]] has a nascent cassiterite mining industry. Fighting over cassiterite deposits (particularly in [[Walikale]]) is a major cause of the conflict waged in eastern parts of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2008/11/01/2061627-mining-for-minerals-fuels-congo-conflict\|title=Mining for minerals fuels Congo conflict \|last=Watt \|first=Louise \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|date=2008-11-01 \|access-date=2009-09-03\|work=Yahoo News! \|publisher=[[Yahoo!\|Yahoo! Inc]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news▼ ▲Most sources of cassiterite today are found in [[alluvium\|alluvial]] or [[placer mining\|placer]] deposits containing the weathering-resistant ~~weathered~~ grains. The best sources of primary cassiterite are found in the tin mines of [[Bolivia]], where it is found in crystallised [[hydrothermal]] veins. [[Rwanda]] has a nascent cassiterite mining industry. Fighting over cassiterite deposits (particularly in [[Walikale]]) is a major cause of the conflict waged in eastern parts of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2008/11/01/2061627-mining-for-minerals-fuels-congo-conflict\|title=Mining for minerals fuels Congo conflict \|last=Watt \|first=Louise \|agency=[[Associated Press]] \|date=2008-11-01 \|access-date=2009-09-03\|work=Yahoo! News! \|publisher=[[Yahoo!\|Yahoo! Inc]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| last = Polgreen \| first = Lydia Line 61 ⟶ 63: Cassiterite is also used as a [[gemstone]] and collector specimens when quality crystals are found. [[File:Cassiterite-43265.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|left\|Stalactitic-botryoidal, banded, "wood tin" cassiterite, {{cvt\|5.0 \|x \|4.9 \|x \|3.3 \|cm}}, [[Durango]], Mexico]] ▲[[Image:Cassiterite - Blue Tier tinfield, Tasmania, Australia.jpg\|thumb\|Close up of cassiterite crystals, Blue Tier tinfield, [[Tasmania]], Australia]] ==Etymology== The name derives from the [[Greek language\|Greek]] ''kassiteros'' for "tin": this comes from the [[Phoenician languages\|Phoenician]] word ''Cassiterid'' referring to the islands of [[Ireland]] and [[Great Britain]],{{~~Citation needed~~cn\|date=~~August 2020\|reason=That 'cassiterid' refers to Great Britain and Ireland is~~October ~~disputed.~~2022}} the ancient sources of tin; or, as [[Roman Ghirshman]] (1954) suggests, from the region of the [[Kassites]], an ancient people in west and central [[Iran]]. {{clear}} == Use == It may be primary used as a raw material for [[tin]] extraction and smelting. ==References==