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{{Short description|Chinese surname}}
{{for|the less common surname 章|Zhang (surname 章)}}
{{Infobox surname
| name = Zhang / Chang
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| image_size =
| caption = Zhang king surname in [[regular script]]
| pronunciation = [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|/tʂɑŋ˥/}} <small>(Mandarin IPA)</small><br/>Zhāng <small>(Mandarin [[Pinyin]])</small><br/>Zoeng1 <small>(Cantonese [[Jyutping]])</small><br/> Tiuⁿ <small>(Hokkien [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]])</small>
| language = Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese
| languageorigin = [[Old Chinese]]
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| derivation = [[Nie (surname)|Nie]]
| meaning = drawing a bow,<ref name="BaxSag" /><br>[[Archery|archer]], [[bowyer]], a [[measure word]]
| romanization = [[Chang (surname)|Chang]], Zhang <small>(Mandarin)</small><br/>[[Cheung (surname)|Cheung]] <small>(Cantonese)</small><br/>Cheong <small>(Macao, Malaysia)</small><br/>Tiong, Diong <small>(Eastern Min)</small><br/>Tsan, Tsaon <small>(Shanghainese)</small><br/>[[Teoh (surname)|Teoh]], [[Teo (surname)|Teo]] <small>(Hokkien, Teochew)</small><br/>Tew <small>(Teochew)</small><br/>[[Chong (surname)|Chong]], Cheong <small>(Hakka)</small><br/>Cheong <small>(Gan)</small><br/>[[Jang (surname)|Jang]], [[Chang (surname)|Chang]] ({{
| cognate =
| derivative =
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| family =
}}
'''Zhang''' ({{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-zhāng.ogg|zh|ang|1}}; {{zh|t=[[Wiktionary:張|張]]|s=[[wikt:张|张]]|c=|p=|first=t}}) is the [[List of common Chinese surnames|third most common surname]] in [[China]] and [[Taiwan]] (commonly spelled as
Today, it is one of the most common surnames in the world at over 100 million people worldwide.<ref>{{
▲{{lang|zh|張}} was listed by the [[People's Republic of China]]'s [[National Citizen ID Information System]] as the [[list of common Chinese surnames|third-most-common surname]] in [[mainland China]] in April 2007, with 87.50 million bearers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 April 2007 |script-title=zh:公安部统计分析显示：王姓成为我国第一大姓 |language=zh |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2007-04/24/content_6021482.htm |access-date=15 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429143122/http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2007-04/24/content_6021482.htm |archive-date=29 April 2007 |script-work=zh:新华网}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2007 |title=Chinese Surname Shortage Sparks Rethink |work=People's Daily Online |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200706/19/eng20070619_385661.html |access-date=15 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220065038/http://english.people.com.cn/200706/19/eng20070619_385661.html |archive-date=20 February 2012}}</ref>
A commonly cited but erroneous [[factoid]] in the 1990 [[Guinness Book of Records]] listed it as the world's most common surname,<ref>{{Cite book |last=McFarlan |first=Donald |title=1990 Guinness Book of World Records |date=2001 |publisher=Sterling Pub. Co. |isbn=189205101X}}</ref> but no comprehensive information from China was available at the time and more recent editions have not repeated the claim.
==Transliterations and Derivatives==
* '''Zhang''' in [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], alternatively romanized as '''[[Chang (surname)|Chang]]''' in [[Taiwan]] and among the [[Chinese diaspora]] using older romanization systems. However, Zhang has been the official first-recommended translation for {{Lang|zh|張}} in [[Taiwan]] since 2017.▼
* '''[[Cheung (surname)|Cheung]]'''
* '''[[Teo (surname)|Teo]]'''
*
* '''Cheong''' in [[Gan Chinese|Gan]]
* '''Tsan''' and '''Tsaon''' among [[Wu Chinese]] varieties
* '''Cheong''' in [[Macau]] and [[Malaysia]]
* '''
=== Derivatives ===
▲* '''[[Chang (surname)|Chang]]''' in [[Taiwan]] and among the [[Chinese diaspora]] using older romanization systems. However, Zhang has been the official first-recommended translation for 張 in [[Taiwan]] since 2017.
▲* '''[[Cheung (surname)|Cheung]]''' in [[Cantonese]]; '''Cheong''' in [[Macao]] and [[Malaysia]];
▲* '''[[Teo (surname)|Teo]]''' and '''[[Teoh (surname)|Teoh]]''' in [[Hokkien]] and [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]];
▲* '''[[Chong (surname)|Chong]]''' and '''Cheong''' in [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]];
▲* '''Tsan''' and '''Tsaon''' among [[Wu Chinese]] varieties like [[Shanghainese language|Shanghainese]];{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
▲* '''Cheong''' in [[Gan Chinese|Gan]]; and '''[[Tiong (surname)|Tiong]]''' in [[Eastern Min]] and the [[Chinese Filipino|Philippines]]; and
▲* '''[[Tjong (surname)|Tjong]]''', '''[[Sutiono (surname)|Sutiono]]''' or '''Tiono''' in [[Chinese Indonesian|Indonesia]].
* Derived as '''Canggih, Candra, Hidayat, Irawan, Jaya, Prasetya, Sutiono''', or other [[Chinese Indonesian surname|Indonesianized surnames]] among [[Chinese Indonesians]]
==Distribution==▼
▲{{lang|zh|張}} remains the [[Kanji]] for the [[Japanese surname]] [[romanization of Japanese|romanized]] '''Chō'''.
*[[Zhang Fei]] (died July or August 221 AD)'s subordinates Fan Qiang (范彊) and Zhang Da (張達) assassinated their commander, decapitated the corpse, and brought the head along with them as they defected to Sun Quan's side.
*[[Zhang Gaoli]]([[Disappearance of Peng Shuai]])
*[[Trương Mỹ Lan]] (Chinese: 張美蘭, born 13 October 1956)On 11 April 2024, Lan was sentenced to death.
{{for|list of people with surname Zhang|List of people with surname Zhang}}
▲{{lang|zh|張}} is also the ''[[Chữ Nôm]]'' form of the [[Vietnamese surname]] '''[[Truong (surname)|Trương]]'''.
▲==Distribution==
As mentioned above, {{lang|zh|張}} is the [[list of common Chinese surnames#People's Republic|third-most-common surname]] in [[mainland China]], making up 6.83% of the population of the People's Republic of China.<ref name="Eastday">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2007 |script-title=zh:公安部统计：'王'成中国第一大姓 有9288万人 |trans-title=Public Security Bureau Statistics: 'Wang' Found China's #1 'Big Family', Includes 92.88m People |url=http://news.eastday.com/c/20070424/u1a2791347.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115438/http://news.eastday.com/c/20070424/u1a2791347.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=27 March 2012 |website=news.eastday.com |language=zh}}</ref> In 2019 it was the most common surname in exactly one provincial-level division, [[Shanghai]] municipality.<ref name="新京报 - 好新闻，无止境">{{Cite news |date=20 January 2020 |script-title=zh:2019年全国姓名报告出炉，这十个姓名使用最多 |language=zh |url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/20/676822.html |access-date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323054611/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/20/676822.html |archive-date=23 March 2020 |script-work=zh:新京报网}}</ref> In Taiwan, {{lang|zh|張}} is the [[list of common Chinese surnames#Taiwan|fourth-most-common surname]], making up 5.26% of the population of the Republic of China. In 2019 it was again the third most common surname in Mainland China.<ref name="新京报 - 好新闻，无止境" />
[[Zhang Wei (disambiguation)|Zhang Wei]] (张伟)<!-- do not DAB, intentional link--> has been the most common family name and given name combination in China for many years.
Among the Chinese diaspora, the name remains common but takes on various romanizations. "Teo" and "Chong"
==History==
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===Families===
The traditional origin of the surname {{lang|zh|張}} ([[Old Chinese]]: ''*C. traŋ''<ref name="BaxSag">{{Citation |
===Other origins===
* for some families, it is traced back to Xie Zhang (解張), whose style name was Zhang Hou (張侯, lit “Marquis Zhang”) a noble in [[Jin (Chinese state)|Jin]] during the [[Spring and Autumn period]].
* from the family of [[Zhang Liao]] (張遼), an official in [[Cao Wei]] during [[Three Kingdoms]] period. Zhāng Liao's family had changed from ''[[Nie (surname)|Nie]]'' to ''Zhang'' to avoid association with his disgraced ancestor [[Nie Yi]] (聶壹).<ref>(本聶壹之後，以避怨變姓。) {{Cite book |title=Sanguozhi |volume=17}}</ref>
* the surname is also traced back to Long Youna, chief of a minority ethnic
==See also==
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