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{{Short description|1795 set of treaties during the War of the First Coalition}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}▼
{{Other uses|Treaty of Basel (disambiguation){{!}}Treaty of Basel}}
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{{Infobox treaty
|name = Peace of Basel
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* End of the [[War of the First Coalition]] between France and Prussia, France and Spain, France and Hesse-Kassel
|signatories =
* {{flagicon|France}} [[First French First Republic]]
* {{flagicon|Prussia|1750}} [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
* {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Kingdom of Spain (1700–1808)|Kingdom of Spain]]
* {{flagicon|Hesse}} [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel]]
|location_signed = [[Basel]], [[Old Swiss Confederation]]
|date_signed = {{Start date|df=yes|1795|4|5}}
|languages =
}}
 
The '''Peace of [[Basel]]''' of 1795 consists of three peace treaties involving France during the [[French Revolution]] (represented by [[François de Barthélemy]]).{{sfn|Jorio|2002}}
 
*The first of the three treaties of 1795 (First Treaty of Basel), France made peacewas with [[Prussia]] (represented by [[Karl August von Hardenberg]]) on 5 April;<ref>{{sfn|Engels, Ernst August Richard. Friedrich Nicolais "Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek" und der Friede von Basel 1795. Published: Würzburg, Buchdruckerei R. Mayr, |1936</ref>}}
*The second was with [[Spain]] (represented by [[Domingo d'Yriarte]]) on 22 July, ending the [[War of the Pyrenees]]; and
*The third was with the [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel]] (represented by Friedrich Sigismund Waitz von Eschen) on 28 August, concluding the stage of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] against the [[First Coalition]].{{sfn|Jorio|2002}}
 
With great diplomatic cunning, the treaties enabled France to placate and divide its enemies of the First Coalition, one by one. Thereafter, [[French First Republic|Revolutionary France]] emerged as a major European power.<ref>Francois {{sfn|Furet and Mona |Ozouf, eds. ''A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution'' (|1989) |pp 151-54</ref>=151–154}}▼
==Details==
▲With great diplomatic cunning, the treaties enabled France to placate and divide its enemies of the First Coalition, one by one. Thereafter, Revolutionary France emerged as a major European power.<ref>Francois Furet and Mona Ozouf, eds. ''A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution'' (1989) pp 151-54</ref>
 
==Treaty between France and Prussia==
The first treaty, on 5 April 1795 between France and Prussia, had been under discussion since 1794. Prussia withdrew from the coalition that had been working on the impending partition of Poland and, wherewhen it was appropriate, withdrew its troops aligned against Austria and Russia. (See also the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and the [[Napoleonic Wars]].) In secret, Prussia recognizedrecognised the French control of the west bank of the [[Rhine]], pending a cession by the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]]. France returned all of the lands east of the Rhine captured during the war. On the night of 6 April, the document was signed by the representatives of France and Prussia,: François de Barthélemy and Karl August von Hardenberg. They were not face to face, each was in his own accommodation in Rosshof or the [[Markgräflerhof]], and the papers were passed around by a courier. The contracttreaty that ceded the left bank of the Rhine was in a secret article, along with the promise that itof would indemnifyindemnifying the right bank if the left bank of the Rhine should bewas covered in a final general peace in France. [[Peter Ochs]] drew up the Treatytreaty and served as a mediator for a significant proportion of these financial statements.
 
Prussia stuck to the agreement of the Treaty of Basel until 1806, when it joined the Fourth Coalition.
 
==Treaty between France and Spain==
In the second treaty, on 22 July, Spain ceded the eastern two thirds of the island of [[Hispaniola]] to France in exchange for keeping [[Gipuzkoa]]. The French also came at night to sign the peace treaty between France and Spain in which Spain was represented by Domingo d'Yriarte, who signed the treaty in the mansion of Ochs, the Holsteinerhof.
In the second treaty, on 22 July, Spain ceded the eastern two thirds of the island of [[Hispaniola]] to France in exchange for keeping [[Gipuzkoa]]. The French also came at night to sign the peace treaty between France and Spain in which Spain was represented by Domingo d'Yriarte, who signed the treaty in the mansion of Ochs, the Holsteinerhof. Spain would [[Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo|recapture the area]] in 1808/1809 and maintain it under [[España Boba|a light colonial control]] until 1822. Following the [[Haitian Revolution]] the French claim to what is now the [[Dominican Republic]] would be ''de facto'' inherited by Haiti which [[Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo|occupied the area]] from 1822 to 1844. France would cede its ''de jure'' claim over the eastern part of the island to Spain in the 1814 [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]]. Owing partially to that, France refused to recognize any Haitian claim to the territory when it negotiated the [[Haiti Independence Debt]] and ''de jure'' recognition of Haiti's independence in 1825.
 
These treaties with Prussia and Spain had the effect of breaking the alliance between the French Republic's two main opponents of the First Coalition.
 
==Other provisions and treaty partners==
On 28 August 1795, the third treaty was completed, a peace between France and the [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel]], signed by Friedrich Sigismund Waitz von Eschen. {{sfn|Jorio|2002}}
 
There was also an agreement to exchange the Austrian troops who had been captured in [[Belgium]].
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*[[List of treaties]]
 
==ReferencesNotes==
{{Reflist}}
 
==References==
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* {{Cite book | last=Engels | first=Ernst August Richard | year=1936 | title=Friedrich Nicolais "Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek" und der Friede von Basel 1795 | publisher=Würzburg, Buchdruckerei R. Mayr}}
* {{Cite book | last1=Furet | first1=Francois | last2=Ozouf | first2=Mona | year=1989 | title=A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution}}
* {{Cite web | last=Jorio | first=Marco | year=2002 | title=Basel, Frieden von (1795) | url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/044887/2002-05-01 | edition=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS), Version vom 01.05.2002 | language=de | access-date=6 July 2022}}
 
==Further reading==
* Hargreaves-Mawdsley, W. N. "Conclusive Peace-Treaty between His Catholic Majesty and the French Republic, signed at Basel 1795." in ''Spain under the Bourbons, 1700–1833'' (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1968) pp.&nbsp;175–176.
 
== External links ==
*{{commons-inline}}
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Peace Ofof Basel}}
[[Category:1795 treaties|Basel]]
[[Category:1795 in France]]
[[Category:1795 in Spain]]
[[Category:1795 in Prussia]]
[[Category:1795 in North America]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of France|Basel]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of Prussia|Basel]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of Spain|Basel]]
[[Category:Treaties of the French First Republic|Basel]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Spanish Empire|Basel]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Prussia|Basel]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of the French Revolutionary Wars|Basel]]
[[Category:France–Spain relations]]
[[Category:1795Treaties inof Prussiathe Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Basel]]
[[Category:Treaties18th ofcentury in the LandgraviateColony of Hesse-KasselSanto Domingo]]
[[Category:History18th ofcentury in Haiti]]
[[Category:Saint-DomingueWar (Haiti)of the Pyrenees]]
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