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| image = The Fitzroy skyline.jpg
| caption = The Fitzroy skyline, with the [[Fitzroy Town Hall]] visible on the far left
| image2 = Fitzroy Town Hall Building - Library, Fitzroy, Victoria Australia (4541080873).jpg
| caption2 = Fitzroy Town Hall
| local_map = yes
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| stategov = [[Electoral district of Richmond (Victoria)|Richmond]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Melbourne|Melbourne]]
| near-nw = [[
| near-n = [[
| near-ne = [[Clifton Hill, Victoria|Clifton Hill]]
| near-w = [[Carlton, Victoria|Carlton]]
| near-e = [[Collingwood, Victoria|Collingwood]]
| near-sw = [[Melbourne central business district|Melbourne]]
| near-s = [[
| near-se = [[Richmond, Victoria|Richmond]]
| dist1 = 3
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'''Fitzroy''' is an inner-city suburb in [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria
Planned as Melbourne's first suburb in 1839,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/fitzroy.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040702011619/http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/fitzroy.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 July 2004|title=Fitzroy, Victoria|date=2 July 2004|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> it later became one of the city's first areas to gain municipal status, in 1858, then known as Fitz Roy.<ref name="emelb">{{cite web|title=Municipal Government|url=http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01028b.htm|website=eMelbourne – The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online|publisher=School of Historical Studies, Department of History, The University of Melbourne|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> It occupies Melbourne's smallest and most densely populated area outside the CBD, just 100 [[Hectare|ha]].
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Fitzroy is known as a cultural hub, particularly for its live music scene and street art, and is the main home of the [[Melbourne Fringe Festival]]. Its commercial heart is [[Brunswick Street, Melbourne|Brunswick Street]], one of Melbourne's major retail, culinary, and nightlife strips. Long associated with the working class, Fitzroy has undergone waves of [[urban renewal]] and [[gentrification]] since the 1980s and today is home to a wide variety of socio-economic groups, featuring both some of the most expensive rents in Melbourne and one of its largest [[Public housing in Australia|public housing]] complexes, Atherton Gardens.
Its built environment is diverse and features some of the finest examples of [[Victorian era]] architecture in Melbourne. Much of the suburb is a [[historic preservation]] precinct, with many individual buildings and streetscapes covered by [[Heritage Overlay]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/planningschemes/yarra/map.html|title=
The suburb was named after Sir [[Charles Augustus FitzRoy]], the Governor of [[New South Wales]] from 1846 to 1855.<ref name="atoz">{{cite news|last1=First|first1=Jamie|title=The A–Z story of our suburbs|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/the-az-story-of-melbournes-suburbs/news-story/6f7611b7df20e55ad02f5e9615885e21|access-date=27 October 2017|work=Herald Sun|date=7 January 2014}}</ref> It is bordered by Alexandra Parade (north), [[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]] (south), [[Smith Street, Melbourne|Smith Street]] (east) and [[
==History==
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Fitzroy was Melbourne's first suburb, created in 1839 when the area between Melbourne and Alexandra Parade (originally named Newtown)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10740750 |title=VICTORIAN HISTORY. |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |location=Melbourne |date=15 October 1909 |access-date=26 September 2013 |page=9 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> was subdivided into vacant lots and offered for sale.
Newtown was later renamed [[Collingwood, Victoria|Collingwood]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00375b.htm | title = Collingwood | access-date = 25 September 2013 | last = Barnard | first = Jill | date = 25 February 2010 | work = e-Melbourne | publisher = School of Historical Studies Department of History, The University of Melbourne}}</ref> and the area now called Fitzroy (west of Smith Street) was made a ward of the [[City of Melbourne|Melbourne City Council]]. On 9 September 1858, Fitzroy became a municipality in its own right, separate from the City of Melbourne.<ref name="event58">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65667797 |title=FIRST HALF-YEARLY REPORT OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF FITZROY, FROM 30TH SEPTEMBER, 1858, TO 31ST MARCH, 1859. |newspaper=Fitzroy City Press|location=Victoria |date=20 July 1900 |access-date=25 September 2013 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In accordance with the Municipal Act, on 28 September 1858, a meeting of ratepayers was held in 'Mr Templeton's schoolroom, George street' to prepare for a local council election, with [[
Surrounded as it was by a large number of factories and industrial sites in the adjoining suburbs, Fitzroy was ideally suited to working men's housing, and from the 1860s to the 1880s, Fitzroy's working class population rose dramatically. The area's former mansions became boarding houses and slums, and the heightened poverty of the area prompted the establishment of several charitable, religious and philanthropic organisations in the area over the next few decades. A notable local entrepreneur was [[Macpherson Robertson]], whose confectionery factories covered 30 hectares<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robertson |first=Jill |title=MacRobertson: the Chocolate King |publisher=Thomas C. Lothian |year=2004 |isbn=0734406681 |location=South Melbourne, Victoria |pages=155}}</ref> and stand as heritage landmarks today.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
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===20th century===
[[File:Fitzroy Memorial Rotunda.jpg|thumb|right|Fitzroy Memorial Rotunda, built 1925 in honour of Fitzroy casualties of [[World War I]] ]]
[[File:VictoriaParade Fitzroy.jpg|right|thumb|[[Victoria
The population of Fitzroy in 1901 was 31,610.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Fitzroy |volume=10 |page=448}}</ref>
Before [[World War I]], Fitzroy was a working-class neighbourhood, with a concentration of political radicals already living there. Post-war immigration into the suburb resulted in the area becoming socially diverse. Many working-class [[Chinese Australians|Chinese immigrants]] settled in Fitzroy due to its proximity to [[Chinatown, Melbourne|Chinatown]]. The establishment of the [[Housing Commission of Victoria]] in 1938 saw swathes of new residences being constructed in Melbourne's outer suburbs. With many of Fitzroy's residents moving to the new accommodation, their places were taken by post-war immigrants, mostly from Italy and Greece and the influx of Italian and Irish immigrants saw a marked shift towards [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]] from Fitzroy's traditional [[Methodism|Methodist]] and [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] roots. The Housing Commission would build two public housing estates in Fitzroy in the 1960s; one in Hanover Street and one at the southern end of Brunswick Street.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
From the 1960s through to the 1980s, the area became a meeting place for [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal people]] who had left [[mission station|missions]], [[Aboriginal reserve]]s, and other government institutions and drifted to the city in a bid to trace their families. The
The Fitzroy Magistrates' Court closed on 1 February 1985.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.audit.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/19860901-Special-Report-4-Court-Closures-in-Victoria.pdf | title=Special Report No. 4 – Court Closures in Victoria | publisher=Auditor-General of Victoria | date=1986 |pages=79 | access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref>
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Like other inner-city suburbs of Melbourne, Fitzroy underwent a process of [[gentrification]] from the 1980s onwards. The area's manufacturing and warehouse sites were converted into apartments, and the corresponding rising rents in Fitzroy saw many of the area's residents move to [[Northcote, Victoria|Northcote]] and [[Brunswick, Victoria|Brunswick]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
In June 1994, the City of Yarra was created by combining the Cities of Fitzroy, [[City of Collingwood|Collingwood]] and [[City of Richmond|Richmond]].<ref>{{Cite book
===21st century===
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==Housing==
[[File:Terrace housing on nicholson street fitzroy.jpg|thumb|Terraced houses on [[Nicholson Street]]]]
Fitzroy's housing is diverse. It has some of Melbourne's earliest surviving houses and one of Melbourne's most extensive stands of [[terrace house|terraced housing]], along with a mix of converted industrial and commercial buildings, walk-up flats, modern apartments and public housing.
Among the earliest homes are Royal Terrace (1853–1858) on Nicholson Street. Overlooking the [[
As early as 1923, the [[City of Fitzroy]] was accused of 'creating slums' by allowing inappropriate development such as three houses on a 31-foot by 100-foot block.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2008139 |title=CREATING SLUMS. |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |location=Melbourne |date=23 May 1923 |access-date=26 September 2013 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> By 1953, the state Housing Minister Thomas Hayes, said that ''Camp Pell'' in Royal Park, [[Parkville, Victoria]], which had been a temporary military camp for United States forces during the Second World War, 'might become a permanent emergency housing settlement' and 'Fitzroy slum dwellers who had refused offers of alternative accommodation by the housing Commission because they would have to pay higher rents would probably' be moved there.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23221542 |title=Camp may be "for keeps". |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |location=Melbourne |date=10 January 1953 |access-date=26 September 2013 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Two years later the headline was 'Outcry Rages Over Fitzroy Slums', as the state government accused the Commonwealth of bringing in immigrants that the states had nowhere to house, arguing that the 'Awful, dilapidated buildings in Fitzroy, crowded beyond description with exploited New Australians were a grave danger to the health of the community.'<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71700780 |title=OUTCRY RAGES OVER THE FITZROY SLUMS. |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |location=Melbourne |date=12 October 1955 |access-date=26 September 2013 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The Atherton Gardens high-rise public housing estate, on the corner of Brunswick and [[Gertrude Street
|chapter-url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130356b.htm
|title=Burt, Walter Oswald (Ossie) (1893–1969) Biographical Entry
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==Governance==
[[File:Fitzroy Town Hall 01a.jpg|thumb|upright|Former Fitzroy Town Hall, now functions as secondary offices for the City of Yarra]]
Fitzroy's traditional representation at all levels of government reflects the area's working class and bohemianism, and [[Left-wing politics]] dominates. The [[Australian Labor Party]] and more recently the [[Australian Greens]] both have a very strong political presence.
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===Art===
[[File:Fitzroy street art.jpg|thumb|Various kinds of street art adorn many buildings throughout Fitzroy]]
There are many small [[art gallery|commercial art galleries]], [[artist-run space]]s and artist [[studio]]s located within the suburb. Fitzroy has a thriving [[street art]] community and is also the home of [[Gertrude Contemporary Art Spaces]] and the [[Centre for Contemporary Photography]].
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The strong support of Fitzroy club legends such as Kevin Murray, Garry Wilson, Mick Conlan, Paul Roos, and many more, have only added to the Brisbane Lions being considered the direct continuation of Fitzroy in the AFL.
Fitzroy's non-AFL operations came out of administration after the Brisbane merger in 1998, and the clubs shareholders voted for it to continue with the goal of resuming its playing operations. After sponsoring various local clubs, Fitzroy merged with the University Reds and finally returned the playing field after a 13-year absence, participating in the 2009 [[Victorian Amateur Football Association]] season with its home games played out of [[
The Fitzroy Stars Football Club are an Indigenous club that joined the [[Northern Football League (Australia)|Northern Football League]] in 2008. They currently play their home games at Crispe Park in [[Reservoir, Victoria|Reservoir]] with the club's off-field administration still based in Fitzroy.
Fitzroy United Alexander Football Club, now [[Heidelberg United FC|Heidelberg United]], was Fitzroy's first ever sporting club to play at a national level. Founded by Melbourne's inner eastern [[Greek community of Melbourne|Greek community]], the club was relocated to the [[Brunswick Street Oval]] in early 1971 but later departed by late 1978. Whilst the club was based in Fitzroy, the club was initially participating in the [[National Premier Leagues Victoria|Victorian State League]] where it was crowned state champions in the 1975 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Clubs/H/HeidelbergUnitedDH.html|title=Heidelberg United – Divisional History|website=Ozfootball.net|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> With the club's on and off-field strength, Fitzroy was invited to be an inaugural participant of the [[National Soccer League]], the former highest level of [[soccer]] in Australia, where the club became the suburb's first national sporting team. Although administration and club training was based at Fitzroy, the club used various venues in [[Melbourne]] for its home matches. The suburb's first domestic first tier sporting match of any code was played at the Brunswick Street Oval on 2 May 1977, with Fitzroy United defeating [[Queensland Lions FC|Brisbane Lions]] 4–1 in front of over 4000 attendees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/NSL/1977/Round05.html|title=1977 National Soccer League results|website=Ozfootball.net|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> The club participated in the [[1977 National Soccer League|1977]] and [[1978 National Soccer League|1978]] seasons as 'Fitzroy' finishing third and fifth respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neososmos.blogspot.com.au/2013/07/soccer-at-fitzroy-cricket-ground.html|title=Neos Osmos: Soccer at the Fitzroy Cricket Ground|first=Ian|last=Syson|date=5 July 2013|website=Neososmos.blogspot.com.au|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> In late 1978, the club and its administration was relocated to [[Olympic Park (Village)|Olympic Village Stadium]] in [[
[[Fitzroy City|Fitzroy City Serbia Soccer Club]], a soccer club formed in 1953 by [[Serbs|Serbian]] migrants, is based in Fitzroy. The club is currently playing in the [[Victorian State League Division 3|Victorian State League Division 3 South-East]] and play their home games at Fairfield Park, with the club's off-field administration still based in Fitzroy.
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The health needs of Fitzroy residents and other Melburnians is served by [[St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne|St Vincent's Hospital]].
There are two primary schools in Fitzroy: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110217204240/http://fitzroyprimaryschool.vic.edu.au/ Fitzroy Primary School] (government school) and [http://www.shsfitzroy.catholic.edu.au/ Sacred Heart Primary School] (Catholic school). [http://www.fitzroyhs.vic.edu.au/ Fitzroy High School] is located in [[
A long tradition of community activism and civil society with many social and community service organisations having been based in Fitzroy. Organisations currently operating in the suburb include; the Fitzroy Legal Service, Yarra Community Housing Limited, [[Society of Saint Vincent de Paul#Australia|Society of Saint Vincent de Paul]], [[Brotherhood of St Laurence]] and the Tenants Union of Victoria, a free legal service for residential tenants.
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[[File:Fitzroy Melbourne.jpg|thumb|Brunswick Street]]
[[File:A1 245 at St Vincents Plaza on route 112 (tram).jpg|thumb|St Vincents Plaza tram interchange]]
Fitzroy's major road arterials are Brunswick Street (north-south) and Johnston Street (east-west). Other main roads include Victoria Parade, Nicholson Street, Smith Street and Alexandra Parade, which circumnavigate the suburb. It is characterised by a fairly tightly spaced rectangular grid of medium-sized streets, with many of its narrow streets and back lanes facilitating only one-way traffic. Traffic and parking congestion is a problem<ref>Millar, Royce [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/09/1047144868351.html "There goes the neighbourhood?"] The Age 10 March 2003</ref> and Fitzroy and local councils have implemented strategies to keep this traffic off residential side streets. It has been the site of several controversial inner city freeway proposals, particularly in the 1950s, however none of which have proceeded.
There are no railway stations located in Fitzroy itself, with the nearest stations being {{stnlnk|Rushall}} in Fitzroy North, and {{stnlnk|Collingwood}} and {{stnlnk|Parliament}} Stations. There was a short-lived railway station named [[Fitzroy railway station|Fitzroy]] but it was just north of the actual Fitzroy suburb and was closed to passengers in 1892 (but remained open for freight until 1981). An underground railway line running between the [[
Three tram lines pass through Fitzroy or its boundaries:
* [[Melbourne tram route 86|Route 86]] ([[
* [[Melbourne tram route 96|Route 96]] ([[Brunswick East
* [[Melbourne tram route 11|Route 11]] ([[Preston, Victoria|West Preston]] – [[Docklands, Victoria#Victoria Harbour|Victoria Harbour Docklands]]): bisects Fitzroy along Brunswick Street.<ref>{{Cite web |title=11 West Preston - Victoria Harbour Docklands |url=https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/route/3343/11/ |access-date=16 February 2024 |website=Public Transport Victoria}}</ref>
The [[St Vincents Plaza]] tram interchange, in adjacent [[
[[File:Critical Mass Melbourne - Brunswick St.JPG|thumb|right|[[Critical Mass (cycling)|Critical Mass]] Melbourne at Brunswick Street]]
Cycling is a very popular form of transport in Fitzroy, as with much of the City of Yarra. A station for the Melbourne Bicycle Share scheme is located near the St Vincents Plaza tram interchange.
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* [[Alma Thorpe]] (1935–) – an [[Aboriginal elder]]
* [[Frank S. Williamson]] (1865–1936) – poet
* [[Louis Buvelot]] (1814–1888) – Swiss artist, lived in Fitzroy for 23 years
==See also==
|