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{{Short description|U.S. airbase}}
{{redirect|Andrews Field|other uses|Andrews Field (disambiguation)|the Philippine Air Force base|Edwin Andrews Air Base}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}{{Infobox military installation
| name = Andrews Air Force Base
| ensign =
| ensign_size =
| native_name =
| partof = <!-- for elements within a larger site -->
| location = [[Camp Springs, Maryland|Camp Springs]], [[Maryland]]
| nearest_town = <!-- used in military test site infobox -->
| country = the [[United States of America]]
| image = File:President_John_F._Kennedy_at_Andrews_Air_Force_Base,_Maryland,_27_April_1962.jpg
| alt = President John F. Kennedy speaks with Secretary of State, Dean Rusk and Military Aide to the President, General Chester V. Clifton, upon his arrival aboard Air Force One at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, following Easter vacation in Palm Beach, Florida., 27 April 1962
| caption = President John F. Kennedy speaks with Secretary of State, Dean Rusk and Military Aide to the President, General Chester V. Clifton, upon his arrival aboard Air Force One at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, following Easter vacation in Palm Beach, Florida, 27 April 1962
| image2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| type = US Air Force base
| coordinates = {{Coord|38|48|39|N|076|52|01|W|name=Andrews Field|display=title,inline}}
| gridref =
| image_map =
| image_mapsize =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
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| pushpin_label = Andrews AFB
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_marksize =
| ownership = [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
| operator = [[United States Air Force|US Air Force]]
| controlledby =
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->
| site_area = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
| code = <!--facility/installation code, applies to US -->
| built = {{Start date|1942}} (as Camp Springs Air Base)
| used = 1942 –
| builder =
| materials =
| height = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate = Merged in 2009 to become an element of [[Joint Base Andrews|Joint Base Andrews-Naval Air Facility Washington]]
| condition =
| battles =
| events =
| current_commander =
| past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
| garrison =
| occupants = <!-- squadrons only -->
| designations =
| website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20090625123532/http://www.andrews.af.mil/|www.andrews.af.mil/}}
<!-- begin airfield information -->| IATA = ADW
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| elevation = {{Convert|85.3|m|0}}
| r1-number = 01R/19L
| r1-length = {{Convert|2973.6|m|0}}
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]]/[[concrete]]
| r2-number = 01L/19R
| r2-length = {{Convert|2840.1 |m|0}}
| r2-surface = concrete
|
| h1-length = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| h1-
| airfield_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| airfield_other = <!-- for other sorts of airfield facilities -->
<!-- end airfield information -->| footnotes = '''Source:''' https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2004/Day%2027/JFKWHP-1962-04-27-A?image_identifier=JFKWHP-KN-C21291#
}}
'''Andrews Air Force Base''' ('''Andrews AFB''', '''AAFB''') is the airfield portion of [[Joint Base Andrews]], which is under the jurisdiction of the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF).<ref name=Sperling>{{cite web|last=Sperling |first=Capt. Robert |url=http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123171867 |title=Officials unveil Joint Base Andrews |publisher=Af.mil |access-date=12 July 2013}}</ref> In 2009, Andrews Air Force Base merged with [[Naval Air Facility Washington]] to form [[Joint Base Andrews]]. Andrews, located near [[Morningside, Maryland]] in [[Washington, DC metropolitan area|suburban Washington, D.C.]], is the home base of two Boeing [[VC-25A]] aircraft with the call sign [[Air Force One]] when the president is on board, that serve the [[President of the United States]], and the President is typically flown in and out of Andrews when travelling from Washington, D.C. by plane.<ref name="air force one">{{cite web|url=http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9834 |title=Factsheets : Presidential Airlift Group (AMC) ''United States Air Force'' |publisher=Afhra.af.mil |access-date=12 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530200840/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9834 |archive-date=30 May 2013 }}</ref>
The host unit at Andrews is the [[316th Wing]], assigned to the [[Air Force District of Washington]]. It is responsible for maintaining emergency reaction rotary-wing airlift and other National Capital Region contingency response capabilities critical to national security and for organizing, training, equipping and deploying combat-ready forces for Air and Space Expeditionary Forces (AEFs). The 316th Wing also provides installation security, services and airfield management to support the President, Vice President, other U.S. senior leaders and more than 50 tenant organizations and federal agencies.
The 316th Wing provides security, personnel, contracting, finance and infrastructure support for five wings, three headquarters, more than 80 tenant organizations, 148 geographically separated units, and 6,500 airmen in the Pentagon, as well as 60,000 airmen and families in the national capital region and around the world. The 316th Wing supports contingency operations in the capital of the United States with immediate response rotary-assets. It also provides security for the world's highest visibility flight line and is responsible for ceremonial support with the United States Air Force Band, Honor Guard and Air Force Arlington Chaplaincy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jba.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/2216129/316th-wing/|title = 316th Wing}}</ref>
The wing commander is Colonel Tyler R. Schaff,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jba.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/2212070/colonel-tyler-r-schaff/|title = Colonel Tyler R. Schaff}}</ref> and the command chief master sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Thomas C. Daniels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jba.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/1571733/chief-master-sergeant-thomas-c-daniels/|title = Chief Master Sergeant Ezekiel A. Ross}}</ref>
==History==
Union [[American Civil War]] troops used a country church near [[Camp Springs, Maryland]] for sleeping quarters (now named Chapel Two)<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.andrews.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4479 |title=Fact Sheet, Andrews Air Force Base history, Office of History, 316th Airlift Wing |publisher=Andrews.af.mil |access-date=12 July 2013 |archive-date=1 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601062831/http://www.andrews.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4479 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and on 25 August 1941, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] directed use of the land for an airfield.{{Citation needed|date=October 2013}}
===Camp Springs Air Base===
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===Andrews Field===
'''Andrews Field''' was named on 7 February 1945 in honor of [[Frank Maxwell Andrews|Lt Gen. Frank Andrews]] and in 1946, Andrews was a sub-base of [[Bolling Field]] (3 January 1946 – 20 November 1946){{r|Mueller}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-25|title=Why Is It Named Joint Base Andrews?|url=https://ghostsofdc.org/2013/02/25/why-is-it-named-andrews-air-force-base/|access-date=2022-01-02|website=Ghosts of DC|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Strategic Air Command]] headquarters transferred from Bolling Field to Andrews. The command of CONAF's [[Radar Bomb Scoring]] detachments (e.g., at [[Dallas Love Field]]) transferred to Andrews on 17 March 1946 when the
Andrews was transferred from the Army to the Air Force in 1947, and it was a [[Headquarters Command]] installation from 1947 through 1952 and again after 1957.{{Dubious|reason=Headquarters Command wasn't designated until 17 March 1958|date=October 2013}} Headquarters Military Air Transport Service controlled the base during the interim period. The year 1947 marked the arrival of the first permanently assigned jet-powered aircraft, the [[F-80 Shooting Star]], at Andrews. The long-lived and versatile training version of the F-80, the T-33, still played an important role in proficiency flying programs at Andrews more than 30 years later.
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===Merger===
In May 2005, several recommendations relating to Andrews AFB were made by the [[2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission|Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission]]. The most significant was to realign Naval Air Facility (NAF) Washington, by relocating
BRAC also recommended relocating several offices of the [[United States Secretary of the Air Force|Secretary of the Air Force]] to Andrews from leased office space in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington]], [[Virginia]], thereby reducing reliance on leased floor space and increasing the security for those activities by locating them within a military installation.{{
Other changes included the relocation of the [[United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations|Air Force Office of Special Investigations]] (AFOSI) headquarters from Andrews to [[Marine Corps Base Quantico]], Virginia, and the relocation of the [[Air Force Flight Standards Agency]] (AFFSA) and its two [[C-21A]] to [[Will Rogers World Airport#Will Rogers Air National Guard Base|Will Rogers Air National Guard Base]], [[Oklahoma]].{{
[[File:F-16D_DC_ANG_Andrews_AFB_2008.JPG|thumb|alt=|A [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16D Fighting Falcon]] of the [[District of Columbia Air National Guard]]]]
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The merger with NAF Washington was effective from 1 October 2009, when the joint base was established, with the US Air Force being the lead organization providing management and support services for both installations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jba.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/336385/naf-washington-history/|title=NAF Washington History|website=Joint Base Andrews|publisher=US Air Force|language=en-US|access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref>
Although sharing parallel runways, NAF Washington was originally considered a separate air installation and maintained a separate Navy/Marine Corps–unique FAA airfield identifier of NSF and an ICAO airfield identifier of KNSF. Prior to merging, these separate airfield identifiers were discontinued on 29 March 2009 and all flight operations in and out of NAF Washington now use the Andrews AFB airfield identifiers of ADW and KADW as appropriate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afdw.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123148293 |title=
On 1 October 2010; the Air Force completed the merge of the 11th Wing and the 316th. The 11th Wing became the host base organization for Joint Base Andrews.<ref name="history" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andrews.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123214693|title=Mission, movement, manning – installation members stand at ready for 11 WG merger ''United States Air Force''|author=Airmen 1st Class Kat Lynn Justen and Katherine Windish|date=23 July 2010|publisher=Andrews.af.mil|access-date=18 October 2010|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718181626/http://www.andrews.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123214693|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andrews.af.mil/photos/slideshow.asp?id={4D970F66-8B42-46DA-9ACA-0AB3D9DC098C}|title=Slideshow: 11th Wing becomes the host wing at JBA ''United States Air Force''|date=8 June 2012|publisher=Andrews.af.mil}}</ref>
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*Aerial Port of Embarkation, 6 January 1958 – 15 February 1978
*[[Air Force Systems Command|HQ Air Force Research & Development (later Systems Command)]], 24 January 1958 – 1 July 1992
*Malcolm Grow USAF Medical Center, 1 August
*[[File:1254th-air-transport-wing-MATS.png|12px]] [[89th Airlift Wing|1254th Air Transport (later 89th Military Airlift, later Airlift) Wing]], 10 July 1961–present
*909th Troop Carrier (later Military Airlift) Group, 28 December 1962 – 1 July 1976
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: Redesignated: 76th Airlift Division, 15 December 1980 – 1 October 1985
*1776th Air Base Wing, 15 December 1980 – 12 July 1991
*[[79th Medical Wing]], 12 May
*[[316th Wing]], 1 June 2006 – 30 September 2010, 1 October 2020 – present
*[[11th Wing]], 1 October 2010 –
*[[Air Force District of Washington]], 1 May 2007 – present
*[[U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations]] Headquarters
{{colend}}
== Joint Base Andrews ==
[[File:US Navy 040514-N-0295M-005 An aerial view of Andrews Air Force Base flight line during the first day of the 2004 Joint Service Open House.jpg|thumb|right|Overview of Andrews flight line]]
{{Main|Joint Base Andrews}}
The base is widely known for serving as the home base of two [[Boeing VC-25]] aircraft which have the call sign [[Air Force One]] while the [[President of the United States]] is on board.<ref name="air force one2">[http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9834 Factsheets : Presidential Airlift Group (AMC) ''United States Air Force''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530200840/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9834|date=30 May 2013}}</ref> The [[Boeing C-32]]A, which is used by the Vice President of the United States, is also based at Andrews.
The host at Andrews is the [[11th Wing]] (11 WG), assigned to the [[Air Force District of Washington]]. The 11 WG is responsible for maintaining emergency reaction rotary-wing airlift and other National Capital Region contingency response capabilities critical to national security, and for organizing, training, equipping and deploying combat-ready forces for Air and Space Expeditionary Forces (AEFs).
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==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
| align-fn = center
|
|
|
| 2000 = 7925
| 2010 = 2973
| 2020 = 3025
| estyear =
| estimate =
| estref =
}}For statistical purposes the base is delineated as a [[census-designated place]] (Andrews AFB CDP) by the U.S. Census Bureau. As of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], the resident population was 3,025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andrews AFB CDP, Maryland|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2401450|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref>
=== 2020 census ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Andrews AFB CDP, Maryland – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2010<ref name="2010CensusP2">{{Cite web |title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Andrews AFB CDP, Maryland |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2401450&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref name="2020CensusP2">{{Cite web |title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Andrews AFB CDP, Maryland |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2401450&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|1,664
|1,355
|55.97%
|44.79%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|637
|758
|21.43%
|25.06%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|10
|22
|0.34%
|0.73%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|70
|152
|2.35%
|5.02%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|16
|14
|0.54%
|0.46%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|16
|14
|0.54%
|0.46%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|143
|232
|4.81%
|7.67%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|417
|478
|14.03%
|15.80%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''2,973'''
|'''3,025'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}
=== 2000 Census ===
As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=31 January 2008 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> of 2000, there were 7,925 people, 1,932 households, and 1,864 families residing in the [[Census-designated place|CDP]]. The population density was {{convert|1,158.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,133 housing units at an average density of 311.9 sq mi (120.4/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup of the base was 65.3% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 22.8% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 4.4% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 8.7% of the population.
There were 1,932 households, out of which 75.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 86.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 3.5% were non-families. 3.2% of all households were made up of individuals, none of whom was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.39 and the average family size was 3.44.
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[[File:Andrews_AFB_circuit_1954.png|thumb|Andrews AFB race track (1954)]]
On 2 May 1954, sports car races were held at the base,<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Neil|first=Terry|title=Runways & Racers: Sports Car Races Held on Military Airfields in America 1952–1954|year=2011|publisher=Veloce Publishing Ltd|location=United States|isbn=9781845842550|page=208}}</ref> using a 4.3-mile (6.9 km) circuit made up of runways and other access roads.<ref>{{cite web|last=Galpin|first=Darren|title=Andrews Airforce Base|url=http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/tracks/dc.html|work=silhouet.com|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref>
==Education==
{{main|Joint_Base_Andrews#Facilities_for_residents}}
==See also==
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* [[Maryland World War II Army Airfields]]
{{Portal bar|Maryland
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=Mueller>{{Cite report |last=Mueller |first=Robert |year=1989 |chapter=Andrews Air Force Base |title=Air Force Bases |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARohGwYMZDwC&q=3933%20%22Radar%20Bomb%20Scoring%22&pg=PA372
}}
==Attribution==
:{{USGovernment|
==External links==
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[[Category:Military Superfund sites]]
[[Category:Populated places in Prince George's County, Maryland]]
[[Category:Installations of Strategic Air Command
[[Category:Superfund sites in Maryland]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Maryland]]
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