Enbridge: Difference between revisions

'''Enbridge Inc.''' is a Canadian multinational [[pipeline transport|pipeline]] and energy company headquartered in [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Canada. Enbridge owns and operates pipelines throughout Canada and the United States, transporting crude oil, natural gas, and [[natural gas liquids]], and also generates [[renewable energy]]. [[Enbridge Pipeline System|Enbridge's pipeline system]] is the longest in North America and the largest oil export pipeline network in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-11-21 |title=Enbridge rations Canada pipeline space, adding to oil headwinds - BNN Bloomberg |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/enbridge-rations-canada-pipeline-space-adding-to-oil-headwinds-1.1849354 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=BNN Bloomberg}}</ref> Its crude oil system consists of 28,661 kilometres (17,809 miles) of pipelines.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Enbridge|title=Crude oil and liquids pipelines|url=https://www.enbridge.com/about-us/liquids-pipelines|access-date=2021-10-29|website=Enbridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enbridge's liquids pipelines network |url=https://www.enbridge.com/About-Us/Liquids-Pipelines |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.enbridge.com |language=en}}</ref> Its 38,300 kilometre (23,800 mile) natural gas pipeline system connects multiple Canadian provinces, several US states, and the Gulf of Mexico.<ref name=":9" /> The company was formed by [[Imperial Oil]] in 1949 as the Interprovincial Pipe Line Company Limited to transport Alberta oil to refineries. Over time, it has grown through acquisition of other existing pipeline companies and the expansion of their projects.

 

 

==History==

</ref> The Enbridge name is a [[portmanteau]] from "energy" and "bridge".<ref name="reference" />

 

{{cite news

| url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN2148130320080221

==Operations==

===Crude oil and liquids pipelines===

 

Enbridge delivered more than 3.77 billion barrels of crude oil in 2020, and more than 29.5 billion barrels over the past decade, from 2011 through 2020 inclusive.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Enbridge|title=Enbridge's crude oil and liquids pipelines network|url=https://www.enbridge.com/about-us/liquids-pipelines|access-date=2021-07-08|website=www.enbridge.com|language=en}}</ref>

 

* B.C. Pipeline (2.9 Bcf/d): this pipeline system runs from Fort Nelson in northeastern British Columbia to the U.S. border at Huntington-Sumas stretching 2,858&nbsp;km (1,776&nbsp;mi). It transports 60 percent of all natural gas produced in B.C., and provides natural gas service to the province as well as US states including Oregon, Idaho, and Washington.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=Canada Energy Regulator|date=2021-06-09|title=Pipeline Profile: Westcoast or BC Pipeline|url=https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/facilities-we-regulate/pipeline-profiles/natural-gas/pipeline-profiles-westcoast-bc-pipeline.html|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Canada Energy Regulator}}</ref>

 

==== U.S. gas transmission: major assets ====

=== Renewable energy generation ===

[[File:Neal Hot Springs geothermal plant.jpg|thumb|Neal Hot Springs geothermal plant]]

 

Enbridge has a growing interest in European offshore wind energy, and its renewable assets are part of the company's plan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bloomberg News|date=2016-05-10|title=Enbridge Inc bulks up EU offshore wind investment with $282-million purchase from Dong Energy|url=https://financialpost.com/commodities/energy/enbridge-inc-bulks-up-eu-offshore-wind-investment-with-282-million-purchase-from-dong-energy|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Financial Post|language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Holbrook|first=Emily|date=2020-11-09|title=Enbridge Steps Up Climate Pledge with Net Zero Emission Target|url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2020/11/enbridge-outlines-detailed-plan-to-achieve-net-zero-emissions-by-2050/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Environment + Energy Leader|language=en-US}}</ref>

|October 2019

|25.5%

|-

|Saint-Nazaire Offshore

|Bessin, France

|Under Construction

|21.7%

|-

|-

| colspan="7" |'''Solar Assets'''

|-

|Sarnia Solar

On June 22, 2013, Enbridge subsidiary Athabasca pipelines reported a pipeline leak of approximately 750 barrels of light [[synthetic crude]] oil from Line 37 near Enbridge's Cheecham, Alberta, terminal about {{convert|70|km|mi}} southeast of [[Fort McMurray]]. The 17-kilometre-long, 12-inch diameter pipe was constructed in 2006 and links the [[Long Lake (oil sands)|Long Lake oilsands upgrader]] to the Cheetham terminal as part of Enbridge's Athabasca system.<ref name=edjournal25june2013 /> Unusually heavy rainfall in the region, also responsible for the [[2013 Alberta floods]], may have caused "ground movement on the right-of way that may have impacted the pipeline."<ref name=Enbridge25jun2013>{{cite web|url=http://www.enbridge.com/MediaCentre/News/Line-37.aspx|publisher=Enbridge Media Centre|date=25 June 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|title=Line 37 Release|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627094717/http://www.enbridge.com/MediaCentre/News/Line-37.aspx|archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref> Enbridge's Athabasca (Line 19) shares a portion of right of way with Line 37 and Enbridge's Wood Buffalo/Waupisoo (Line 75/18), a major part of the network that serves Alberta's oilsands.<ref name="edjournal25june2013">{{cite news|title=Enbridge Says Spill from Line 37 Near Fort McMurray, Alta., is Being Cleaned Up |publisher=Canadian Press |date=25 June 2013 |newspaper=Edmonton Journal |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/business/Enbridge+says+spill+from+Line+near+Fort+McMurray+Alta+being/8576990/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828081104/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/business/Enbridge+says+spill+from+Line+near+Fort+McMurray+Alta+being/8576990/story.html |archive-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref> All three lines were closed down as a precautionary measure. Operations between [[Hardisty, Alberta|Hardisty]] and [[Cheecham, Alberta|Cheecham]] were restored on June 23 when Enbridge's Athabasca pipeline (Line 19) was restored to service.<ref name="Enbridge25jun2013" />{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2014}}

 

 

On January 30, 2017, a road crew in Texas punctured the [[Seaway S-1]] crude oil pipeline, which is jointly owned by [[Enterprise Products Partners]] and Enbridge through the joint venture [[Seaway Crude Pipeline Company]]. Two days later, it was unclear how much oil had spilled over the nearby Highway 121 northeast of [[Dallas]]. After the incident, supply concerns reportedly helped push "oil prices 2% higher in early trading to nearly $54 a barrel."<ref>{{Citation

On July 17, 2012, a group calling itself "We are the Kalamazoo" protested against Enbridge's response to the Kalamazoo spill and its plans to construct the line 6B pipeline. This protest was on the second anniversary of the Kalamazoo spill.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2012/07/enbridge_energy_officials_resp.html |title=Enbridge Energy officials respond to 'We are the Kalamazoo' oil spill protest at Capitol |website=MLive.com |date=2012-07-18 |access-date=2014-02-13}}</ref>

 

 

In May 2013, Hamilton area residents protested the reversal of flow in Line 9 and temporarily closed [[Ontario Highway 6]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/hamilton/news/story/2013/05/06/hamilton-enbridge-line-9-protest.html |title=Enbridge Pipeline Protesters Close Ontario Highway |website=CBC.ca |access-date=2014-02-13}}</ref> Later that year, on June 6, 2013, a group called Hamilton 350 sent a letter of complaint to the Hamilton (Ontario) police service (HPS) for accepting over $44,000 in donations from Enbridge. The letter questions whether police officers would be impartial during any anti-Enbridge protests, given the donation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/story/2013/06/05/hamilton-enbridge-police-line-9.html#custom |title=Group protests Enbridge donations to Hamilton police - Hamilton - CBC News |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2013-06-05 |access-date=2014-02-13}}</ref>

In November 2020, Michigan Governor [[Gretchen Whitmer]] revoked a 1953 easement for an Enbridge pipeline connecting two parts of the [[Great Lakes]] through the [[Straits of Mackinac]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/michigan-governor-seeks-shutdown-of-great-lakes-oil-pipeline| title=Michigan governor seeks shutdown of Great Lakes oil pipeline|publisher=Fox News}}</ref>

 

 

In January 2022, a group of about 400 met in front of a [[Bank of America]] location in Austin to protest Enbridge's plans to expand the Moda Ingleside Energy Center onto historic [[Karankawa]] land in Corpus Christi, Texas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Falcon |first1=Jennifer K. |title=Karankawa Kadla and Allies Protest Enbridge Terminal Expansion at Project's Major Funder Bank of America's Austin Location |url=https://www.ienearth.org/ma-karankawa-kadla-and-allies-protest-enbridge-terminal-expansion-at-projects-major-funder-bank-of-americas-austin-location/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Press Pool |title=Over 400 join Karankawa Kadla youth protesting Enbridge's terminal expansion outside Bank of America's Austin location |url=https://indiancountrytoday.com/the-press-pool/over-400-join-karankawa-kadla-youth-protesting-enbridges-terminal-expansion-outside-bank-of-americas-austin-location }}</ref>

 

In September, 2023, in a trial flawed by numerous protocol breaches on the part of the prosecution and local authorities,<ref>{{cite news | title=US pipeline protester has 'no regrets' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/02/mylene-vialard-us-pipeline-protester-convicted }}</ref> Mylene Vialard was found guilty of felony obstruction. According to the article, Vialard was among more than a thousand arrests by Minnesota law enforcement – which along with other agencies received at least $8.6m in payments from Enbridge.

 

== Technology and innovation ==

 

The labs have developed ways to get sensor data from pipelines, helping to improve flows of natural gas and crude oil terminals.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Mistretta |first=A.J |date=2019-12-06 |title=Tech A Growing Focus in Energy Sector |url=https://www.houston.org/news/tech-growing-focus-energy-sector |access-date=2021-07-26 |website=Greater Houston Partnership}}</ref> Additionally, the labs have helped enhance pipeline leak detection, and ensure better maintenance schedules.<ref name=":5" /> For renewable energy projects, the labs have developed different ways to reposition wind turbine blades to help maximize wind power generation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Enbridge |date=2018-02-18 |title=Harnessing big data, analytics and AI for a green energy game-changer |url=https://www.enbridge.com/Stories/2018/February/Big-data-analytics-transforming-economics-of-wind-power.aspx |access-date=2021-07-26 |website=www.enbridge.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Enbridge |date=2020-11-18 |title=Helping birds of a feather to stay together at new refuge |url=https://www.enbridge.com/stories/2020/november/michigan-avian-conservation-and-rehabilitation-organizations |access-date=2021-07-29 |website=Enbridge |language=en}}</ref>

== Leadership ==

 

Dr Oliver B. Hopkins, 1949–1951<br>

Thomas S. Johnston, 1951–1967<br>

Albert Monaco, 2012–2023<br>

Gregory L. Ebel, 2023–

 

==See also==

*[[Enbridge Pipelines]]

*[[Nautilus Pipeline]]

 

==References==