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{{Short description|1770 treaty between Great Britain and the Cherokee}}
[[File:Map of the former territorial limits of the Cherokee "Nation of" Indians ; Map showing the territory originally assigned Cherokee "Nation of" Indians. LOC 99446145.jpg|thumb|250px|Land cession of 1770 (№4)]]
The '''Treaty of Lochaber''' was signed in South Carolina on 18 October 1770 by [[Great Britain|British]] representative [[John Stuart (loyalist)|John Stuart]] and the [[Cherokee people]], fixing the boundary for the western limit of the colonial frontier settlements of [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]] and [[Province of North Carolina|North Carolina]].<ref name=RA111>[http://www.roanetnhistory.org/ramseysannals.php?loc=RamseysAnnals&pgid=111 Ramsey's Annals, page 111.]</ref>
[[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne|Lord Shelburne]] in London was determined to settle disputes along the western frontier in order to avoid more conflict between colonists and various Native American nations. Although he lost his office as [[Southern Secretary]] in October 1768, negotiations progressed with tribal chiefs (usually representing towns in their decentralized society) regarding the North American colonial frontier. The [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix]] in November 1768 fixed the boundary lines between tribes and colonists to the north of Virginia. The border variances from the [[Treaty of Hard Labour]] led to negotiations where 1000 Cherokee leaders were hosted by Alexander Cameron (d. 1781)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sankofagen.pbworks.com/w/page/14230663/Lochaber%20Plantation|title = Sankofagen Wiki / Lochaber Plantation}}</ref> at Lochabar Plantation in Ninety-Six District, South Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://south-carolina-plantations.com/abbeville/lochaber.html|title = Lochaber Plantation - Long Cane, Abbeville County, South Carolina SC}}</ref>
Based on the terms of the accord, the Cherokee relinquished all claims to land from the previous North Carolina and Virginia border to a point six miles east of [[Long Island (Tennessee)|Long Island of the Holston River]] in present-day [[Kingsport, Tennessee]], to the mouth of the [[Kanawha River]] at present-day [[Point Pleasant, West Virginia]], in [[Mason County, West Virginia|Mason County]]. The North Carolina-Virginia border at this time was along the 36° 30' parallel in present-day Tennessee, because both colonies believed their charters extended to the west.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/colonial2.html#Lochaber|title=TNGenNet Inc. Colonial Period Indian Land Cessions in the American Southeast, Indian Land Cessions Maps and Treaties in the American Southeast. Indian Treaty Maps}}</ref> In this treaty, the Cherokee surrendered their rights to most land in present-day southern West Virginia not included in the [[Treaty of Hard Labour]] in October 1768.
== Donelson's Indian Line ==
A subsequent survey of the Treaty line by John Donelson of Virginia in 1771 placed the northern terminus of the line at the mouth of the [[Kentucky River]], substantially west of the Kanawha River, cleaving what is today extreme western Virginia, a wedge of western Virginia and a large part of northeastern Kentucky to Virginia colony, which lands were then part of newly organized trans-Appalachian Virginia's Botetourt County extending to the Mississippi River. The survey also moved the southern line from the North Carolina (today Tennessee) boundary south to the Holston River because settlers didn't know how to locate the North Carolina boundary without landmarks. This left three settlements, at Watauga, Nolichucky and Carter's Valley south of the surveyed line, hence in Cherokee land and not authorized by either the Crown or the Cherokee. These would later become separate purchases from the Cherokee and land grants from North Carolina During the organization of the Transylvania Colony in 1775.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
[http://jeffersonswest.unl.edu/archive/view_doc.php?id=jef.00091 "Treaty of Lochaber 1770"]. Envisaging the West. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. 2009. Accessed on 24 April 2023.
[[Category:1770 in the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:British colonization of the Americas]]
[[Category:Cherokee
[[Category:History of the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:Treaties of indigenous peoples of North America|Lochaber]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Great Britain|Lochaber]]
[[Category:1770 treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties involving territorial changes]]
[[Category:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne]]
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