Endirey: Difference between revisions

Endirey is aan ancient original [[Turkish languagesKumyks|TurkicKumyk]] name. It was adopted by Daghestan in 1991, replacing the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] name '''Andreyaul''' ({{lang|ru|Андрейаул}}). Under [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russia]], its name had been '''Andreyevo''' ({{lang|ru|Андреево}}, ''Andreevo'') after an early [[Cossacks|Cossack]] leader who supposedly settled there, a Russian source quotes many alleged explanations.{{sfnp|Baddeley|1908|p=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924028754616/page/n55 8]}} <ref>Дагестанские исторические сочинения, Амри Шихсаидов, Т. Айтберов, Гасан Оразаев, 1993</ref> Former [[transliteration of Russian|spellings]] include '''Enderi''',<ref name=eb9/> '''Enderee''',{{sfnp|Baddeley|1908|p=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924028754616/page/n55 8]}} '''Indiri''' and '''al-Indiri''',{{sfnp|Tucker|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hUnq1XguAuAC&pg=PT251 251]}}{{sfnp|Tucker|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hUnq1XguAuAC&pg=PT252 252]}} '''Andreeva''',<ref name=eb9/> and '''Andreewa'''. It has also been known as '''Andreevskii Awul'''.{{sfnp|Tucker|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hUnq1XguAuAC&pg=PT251 251]}}

[[Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (general)|General Yermolov]] constructed a major fort at '''Vnezapnaya''' in 1820, placing it across the Aktash from Endirey{{sfnp|Tucker|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hUnq1XguAuAC&pg=PT252 252]}} at the mouth of the [[Sulak River|Koysu]].{{sfnp|Moser|1856|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3ilYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA112 112–113]}} This fort was used to suppress the Endirey slave fair{{sfnp|Herman|1845|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0d0RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA14 14]}} and to support the local [[shamkhal (title)|shamkhal]] against the Kumyk nobility.{{sfnp|Moser|1856|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3ilYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA112 112–113]}}{{sfnp|Khodarkovsky|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/bitterchoicesloy0000khod/page/60 60–61]}} It supported Russian [[colonization]] of the area: the revolts the program provoked (as [[Imam Shamil]]'s in the 1840s and [[Haji Mohammed]]'s in 1877) were an expected consequence and were seen as permitting still greater relocation and resettlement.{{sfnp|Khodarkovsky|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/bitterchoicesloy0000khod/page/60 60–61]}} The fort also formed the staging point for the 1839 phase of the [[Caucasian War]].<ref>"[http://memim.com/caucasus-mountains.html Caucasus Mountains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530225044/http://memim.com/caucasus-mountains.html |date=2015-05-30 }}".</ref> [[Pavel Grabbe|General Grabbe]]'s [[siege of Akhoulgo]] formed part of this campaign. The town and fort were assaulted by [[Imam Shamil|Shamil]] in September 1843 but the Russian commander Colonel Kozlovsky was able to withstand the attack.{{sfnp|Baddeley|1908|p=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924028754616/page/n430 368]}}

The [[2010 Russian Census]] found the [[Khasavyurt District]] to be mostly populated by [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]] (31.4%), [[Kumyks]] (30.7%), and [[Chechens]] (25.8%). The area around Endirey is currently majority [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] [[Kumyks]]. -

* {{citation |first=Mikhail |last=Astapenko |ref={{harvid|Astapenko}} |title=Donskiye Kazach'i Atamany (Don Cossack Atamans) }}.

* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem|authorlink1=Willem Floor|title=Safavid Government Institutions|date=2001|publisher=Mazda Publishers|location=Costa Mesa, California|isbn=978-1568591353|ref=harv}}

* {{citation |last=Herman |first=G.F. |contribution=The Theatre of War in the Caucasus |pppages=9–18 |date=1845 |title=Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal |editor-last=Pollock |editor-first=Arthur William Alsager |display-editors=0 |publisher=Harrison & Co. for Henry Colburn |location=London |volume=Vol. 1845 Pt. I }}.

* {{citation |last=Tucker |first=Ernest |editor-last=Hamburg |editor-first=Gary |editor2-last=Sanders |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Tucker |editor3-first=Ernest |display-editors=0 |ref={{harvid|Tucker|2004}} |contribution=Glossary |title=Russian-Muslim Confrontation in the Caucasus: Alternative visions of the conflict between Imam Shamil and the Russians, 1830–1859 |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |date=2004 |location=London |isbn=0-415-32590-0 }}.