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{{Infobox UK legislation
|short_title=Terrorism Act 2000
|type=Act
|parliament=Parliament of the United Kingdom
|long_title=An Act to make provision about terrorism; and to make temporary provision for Northern Ireland about the prosecution and punishment of certain offences, the preservation of peace and the maintenance of order.
|statute_book_chapter=2000 c. 11
|introduced_by=
|territorial_extent=United Kingdom<ref>The Terrorism Act 2000, section 130(1); this is subject to sections 130(2) to (6) which provide that sections 59 to 61, Part VII and Schedules 5, 15 and 16 do not extend to the United Kingdom.</ref>
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|legislation_history=
|}}
The '''Terrorism Act 2000''' (c. 11) is the first of a number of general [[Terrorism Acts]] passed by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]. It superseded and repealed the [[Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989]] and the
==Definition of terrorism==
Terrorism is defined, in the first section of the Act, as follows:
{{boxquote|'''Section 1.''' –▼
▲'''Section 1.''' –
:(1) In this Act "terrorism" means the use or threat of action where-
::(a) the action falls within subsection (2),
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::(e) is designed seriously to interfere with or seriously to disrupt an electronic system.
:(3) The use or threat of action falling within subsection (2) which involves the use of firearms or explosives is terrorism whether or not subsection (1)(b) is satisfied.
Sections (2)(b) and (e) have been criticised<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gearty|first=Conor|title=11 September 2001, Counter-terrorism, and the Human Rights Act|journal=Journal of Law and Society| date=March 2005 |volume=32|issue=1|pages=18–33|doi=10.1111/j.1467-6478.2005.312_1.x}}</ref> as falling well outside the scope of what is generally understood to be the [[definition of terrorism]], i.e. acts that require life-threatening violence.<ref>{{cite web|author=Iris Schaechter |url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions.html |title=UNODC – Terrorism Definitions |date=16 February 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216050500/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions.html |archive-date=16 February 2006 }}</ref>
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This move to establish a sound definition of terrorism in the law made it possible to build an entirely new set of police and investigatory powers into incidents of this kind, beyond what they could do for ordinary violent offences.
The inclusion in its definition of the phrase ''or threat'' mirrors the common law, as it was codified with respect to written words, in [[
==Proscribed groups==
As in previous [[Prevention of Terrorism Act (Northern Ireland)|Terrorism Acts]], such as the [[Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989]], the [[Powers of the home secretary|Home Secretary
Under the act aliases of organizations can be added. For example, [[Al Muhajiroun]], [[Islam4UK]], [[Call to Submission]], [[Islamic Path]], [[London School of Sharia]] and [[Muslims Against Crusades]] were added in January 2010 and November 2011 as alternative names for Al Ghurabaa and The Saved Sect (also deemed to be the same organization) and in June 2014 [[Need4Khilafah]], the [[Shariah Project]] and the [[Islamic Dawah Association]] were added to this list. An alias does not have to be added to the list for prosecution to be possible, provided it can be demonstrated that for all intents and purposes the organization is a proscribed one, and that the person involved has committed a proscribed act.
===List of proscribed international terrorist groups===
{{As of|
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Revolutionary Organization 17 November|17 November Revolutionary Organisation]] (17N) (since March 2001)
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* [[Abu Nidal Organisation]] (ANO) (since March 2001)
* [[Abu Sayyaf]] (ASG) (since March 2001)
* [[Soldiers of Egypt|Anjad Misr]] (Soldiers of Egypt) (since November 2014)
* [[al-Ashtar Brigades]] including Saraya al-Ashtar, Wa’ad Allah Brigades, Islamic Allah Brigades, Imam al-Mahdi Brigades and al-Haydariyah Brigades (since December 2017)
* [[Al-Gama'at al-Islamiya]] (GI) (since March 2001)
* [[Al Ghurabaa|Al Gurabaa]] (since July 2006)
* [[Al Ittihad Al Islamia]] (AIAI) (since October 2005)
* [[Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)|Al Murabitun]] (since April 2014)
*
* [[Al Qa'ida]] (since March 2001) (also as [[al-Nusrah Front]] (ANF), [[Jabhat al-Nusrah li-ahl al Sham]], Jabhat Fatah alSham and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham)
* [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al Shabaab]] (since March 2010)
* [[Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan|Ansar Al Islam]] (AI) (since October 2005)
* [[Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)|Ansar Al Sharia]]-Benghazi (AAS-B) (since November 2014)
* [[Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)|Ansar Al Sharia-Tunisia]] (AAS-T) (since April 2014)
* [[Ansar Al Sunna]] (AS) (since October 2005)
* [[Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis]] (ABM) (since April 2014)
* [[Ansar ul Islam (Western Africa)|Ansaroul Islam]] also known as Ansar ul Islam and Ansaroul Islam Lil Irchad Wal Jihad (since March 2019)
* [[Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis Sudan]] (Vanguard for the protection of Muslims in Black Africa) (Ansaru)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-nigeria-islamists-idUKBRE8AL0VQ20121122 |title=Government bans Nigerian Islamist group accused of murder |work=Reuters |date=22 November 2012}}</ref> (since November 2012)
* [[Armed Islamic Group]] (Groupe Islamique Armée) (GIA) (since March 2001)
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* [[Global Islamic Media Front]] (GIMF) including GIMF Banlga Team also known as [[Ansarullah Bangla Team]] (ABT) and Ansar-al Islam (since July 2016)
* [[Groupe Islamique Combattant Marocain]] (GICM) (since October 2005)
* [[Hamas|Harakat al Muqawama al-Islamiyya]] (Hamas) (since November 2021); previously [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]] (since March 2001)
* [[Harakat-Ul-Jihad-Ul-Islami]] (HUJI) (since October 2005)
* [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Bangladesh]] (HUJI-B): (since October 2005)
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* [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] (HM) (since March 2001)
* [[Haqqani Network]] (HQN) (since March 2015)
* [[Hasm Movement|Hasam, Harakat Sawa’d Misr, Harakat Hasm and Hasm]] (since December 2017)
* [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] (since January 2024)
* [[Hizballah]] (since March 2019)
* [[Imarat Kavkaz]] (IK) (also known as the Caucasus Emirate) (since December 2013)
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* [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) (since June 2014) also known as Dawlat al-'Iraq al-Islamiyya, Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Dawlat al Islamiya fi Iraq wa al Sham (DAISh) and the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham
* [[Jaish e Mohammed]] (JeM) (since March 2001) and splinter group Khuddam Ul-Islam (Kul) (since October 2005)
* [[Jamaah Ansharut Daulah|Jamaah Anshorut Daulah]] (since July 2016)
*[[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin]] also known as Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam Wal-Muslimin (JNIM), Nusrat al-Islam, Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen (NIM), including Ansar al-Dine (AAD), Macina Liberation Front (MLF), al-Murabitun, al-Qa’ida in the Maghreb and az-Zallaqa (since March 2019)
* [[Jamaat-ul-Ahrar|Jamaat ul-Ahrar]] (JuA) (since March 2015)
* [[Jammat-ul Mujahideen Bangladesh]] (JMB) (since July 2007)
* [[Jamaat Ul-Furquan]] (JuF) (since October 2005)
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* [[Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) (since January 2011)
* [[Turkestan Islamic Party]] (TIP) also known as East Turkestan Islamic Party (ETIP), East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) and Hizb al-Islami al-Turkistani (HAAT) (since July 2016)
*
* [[Wagner Group]] (PMC-W) (since September 2023)
}}
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===Section 41 (arrest without warrant)===
Section 41 of the Act provided the police with the power to arrest and detain a person without charge for up to 48 hours if they were suspected of being a terrorist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/section/41 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |date=15 August 2013|access-date=2016-01-03|title=2000 c. 11 - Part V Suspected terrorists - Section 41}}</ref> This period of detention could be extended to up to seven days if the police can persuade a judge that it is necessary for further questioning.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/00011--w.htm |publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]] |access-date=
This was a break from ordinary criminal law where suspects had to be charged within 24 hours of detention or be released. This period was later extended to 14 days by the [[Criminal Justice Act 2003]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2003/30044--x.htm#306 |publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]] |access-date=
===Stop and search without suspicion===
====Section 44====
The most commonly encountered use of the Act was outlined in Section 44 which enables the police and the [[Home Secretary]] to define any area in the country as well as a time period wherein they could stop and search any vehicle or person, and seize "articles of a kind which could be used in connection with terrorism".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/00011--f.htm#44 |publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]] |access-date=
In 2009, over 100,000 searches were conducted under the powers, but none of these resulted in people being arrested for terrorism offences. 504 were arrested for other offences.<ref>{{cite news|author=Alan Travis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/oct/28/terrorism-police-stop-search-arrests |title=No terror arrests in 100,000 police counter-terror searches, figures show |work=The Guardian |date=28 October 2010 |access-date=28 October 2010 }}</ref>
In January 2010, the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled that stop-and-search powers granted under Section 44 were
| title = Stop-and-search powers ruled illegal by European court
|work=BBC News
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| access-date = 12 January 2010}}</ref>
Pending new powers in the [[Protection of Freedoms Bill]] (see [[#Section 47A|Section 47A]]), [[Theresa May]] made a [[Statutory Instrument (UK)#Remedial Orders under the Human Rights Act 1998|remedial order]] under the [[Human Rights Act 1998]] (the [[Terrorism Act 2000 (Remedial) Order 2011]]), which had the effect of repealing sections 44, 45, 46 and most of section 47.<ref name=HOpage>{{cite web|title=
{{quote|Members of the public and the media do not need a permit to film or photograph in public places and police have no power to stop them filming or photographing incidents or police personnel.
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===Section 58 – Collection of information===<!-- This section is linked from [[Abu Bakr Mansha]]. See [[WP:MOS#Section management]] -->
This section creates the offence, liable to a prison term of up to
Sections 57–58: Possession offences: Section 57 is dealing with possessing articles for the purpose of terrorist acts. Section 58 is dealing with collecting or holding information that is of a kind likely to be useful to those involved in acts of terrorism. In 2019, the Section was amended to include accessing such information online in the definition of the offence. Section 57 includes a specific intention, section 58 does not.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikicrimeline.co.uk/index.php?title=Terrorism_Act_2000#Sections_57-58:_Possession_offences |title=WikiCrimeLine Terrorism Act 2000 Sections 57 58: Possession offences |publisher=Wikicrimeline.co.uk }}</ref>
Bilal Zaheer Ahmad, 23, from Wolverhampton, is believed to be the first person convicted of collecting information likely to be of use to a terrorist, including the [[al-Qaeda]] publication ''[[Inspire (magazine)|Inspire]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Blogger who encouraged murder of MPs jailed|date=29 July 2011|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14344199|access-date=1 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Online extremist sentenced to 12 years for soliciting murder of MPs|date=29 July 2011|publisher=[[West Midlands Police]]|url=http://www.west-midlands.police.uk/np/wolverhampton/news/newsitem.asp?id=4066|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521190648/http://www.west-midlands.police.uk/np/wolverhampton/news/newsitem.asp?id=4066|archive-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>
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* Section 56 directing terrorist organisation - life imprisonment
* Section 57 possession for terrorist purposes - 15 years or a fine or both
* Section 58 collection of information to aid terrorism -
* Section 58A eliciting, publishing or communicating information about members of armed forces - 10 years or a fine or both
* Section 87 preventing an examination of documents - two years or a fine or both
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Between July and December 2007, the BBC reported that more than 14,000 people and vehicles had been stopped and searched by British Transport Police in Scotland.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7146080.stm|title=Random searches on rail network |date=15 December 2007|work=BBC News|access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref> In 2008 the [[Metropolitan Police]] conducted 175,000 searches using Section 44, these included over 2313 children (aged 15 or under), of whom 58 were aged under 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/aug/18/met-police-stop-search-children|title=Metropolitan police used anti-terror laws to stop and search 58 under-10s|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|date=18 August 2009|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 December 2009 | location=London}}</ref>
Up to early 2004, around 500 people are believed to have been arrested under the Act; seven people had been charged. By October 2005 these figures had risen to 750 arrested with 22 convictions; the then current [[Home Secretary]], [[Charles Clarke]], said "the statistics illustrate the difficulty of getting evidence to bring prosecution".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmhaff/515/5101105.htm|work=Select Committee on Home Affairs Minutes of Evidence |title=Examination of Witnesses (Questions 60–73)|author=Charles Clarke and Mr Benyon|date=11 October 2005|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref>
Figures released by the [[Home Office]] on 5 March 2007 show that 1,126 people were arrested under the Act between 11 September 2001 and 31 December 2006. Of the total 1,166 people arrested under the Act or during related police investigations, 221 were charged with terrorism offences, and 40 convicted.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/terrorism/story/0,,2027077,00.html|title=1,166 anti-terror arrests net 40 convictions|agency=Press Association|date=5 March 2007|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 December 2009 | location=London}}</ref>
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[[File:DemonstrationAgainstAntiTerrorismLawLondon23Jan.jpg|thumb|Protesters demonstrating against police harassment of photographers under Section 44. Trafalgar Square, London, 23 January 2010]]
Problematic use of Section 44 powers has not been restricted to political protestors; according to reports, journalists, amateur and professional photographers, [[
Disquiet among the police and government about Section 44 increased; in an interview on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s programme [[PM (Radio 4)|iPM]], Peter Smyth, chairman of the Metropolitan Police Federation, remarked that the Act was not clear about police and that a lack of training for police officers had led to some officers being "overzealous" in implementing the Act.<ref name=amateur-photo-dec2011>{{cite web|title=Terror Act: Police attack government over photography in public|url=http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/terror_act_police_attack_government_over_photography_in_public_news_254852.html|work=Amateur Photographer|access-date=14 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204134752/http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/Terror_Act_Police_attack_government_over_photography_in_public_news_254852.html|archive-date=4 December 2008}}</ref> [[Vernon Coaker]], the [[Minister of State]] stated on 20 April 2009 that, "counter-terrorism measures should only be used for counter-terrorism purposes".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/Coaker_reportresponse200409.pdf |title=Demonstrating Respect for Rights? A human rights approach to protest policing |access-date=2009-05-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618192800/http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/Coaker_reportresponse200409.pdf |archive-date=18 June 2009}}</ref>
In December 2009, the [[Association of Chief Police Officers]] (Acpo) issued a warning to police chiefs to stop using Section 44 powers to target photographers, whether tourists, amateurs or professionals, stating that the practice was "unacceptable".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/police-uturn-on-photographers-and-antiterror-laws-1834626.html|title=Police U-turn on photographers and anti-terror laws|date=5 December 2009|work=The Independent|access-date=9 December 2009 | location=London | first1=Jerome | last1=Taylor | first2=Mark | last2=Hughes}}</ref> As of 2011, the Section 44 powers effectively no longer exist ([[#Section 44|see above]]), and police must "reasonably" suspect an individual of involvement in terrorism before intervening.<ref name=met-photo-advice>{{cite web|title=Photography advice|url=http://www.met.police.uk/about/photography.htm|work=Metropolitan Police website|access-date=14 December 2011|archive-date=21 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221003540/http://www.met.police.uk/about/photography.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Incidents===
====General====
*In October 2005, Sally Cameron was held for four hours after being arrested under the act for walking on a cycle path in a controlled port area in [[Dundee]] owned by [[Forth Ports]]. While cyclists were free to pass through the port zone, she was arrested and detained because she was a pedestrian and under suspicion of being a terrorist.
{{quote|I've been walking to work every morning for months and months to keep fit. One day, I was told by a guard on the gate that I couldn't use the route any more because it was solely a cycle path and he said, if I was caught doing it again, I'd be arrested...The next thing I knew, the harbour master had driven up behind me with a megaphone, saying, 'You're trespassing, please turn back'. It was totally ridiculous. I started laughing and kept on walking. Cyclists going past were also laughing...But then two police cars roared up beside me and cut me off, like a scene from [[Starsky and Hutch]], and officers told me I was being arrested under the Terrorism Act. The harbour master was waffling on and (saying that), because of September 11, I would be arrested and charged.<ref>{{cite news | title=Two wheels: good. Two legs: terrorist suspect | url =http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-1829289,00.html | work =[[The Times]] | access-date = 1 January 2008 | location=London | first=David | last=Lister | date=17 October 2005}}</ref>}}
*In July 2008, anti-terror police held a 12-year-old [[autistic]] boy with [[cerebral palsy]] and his parents whilst travelling on the [[Eurotunnel Shuttle]] rail service under Section 7 of the Terrorism Act. The child's mother was taken to an interrogation room and questioned on suspicion of [[Trafficking of children|child trafficking]] and released without charge. [[Kent Police]] later apologised for the incident.<ref name="eurotunnel">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7520598.stm|title=Terror police detain disabled boy|date=23 July 2008|work=BBC News|access-date=30 November 2009|first=Sally|last=Chidzoy}}</ref>
*In August 2013, while travelling home from a visit to Germany, carrying work in progress relating to [[2013 mass surveillance disclosures|classified US government documents]] to [[Glenn Greenwald]] in Brazil, [[David Miranda (politician)|David Miranda]], 28, was detained by the [[Metropolitan Police Service]] at London's [[Heathrow Airport]] under Schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act 2000.<ref>{{cite news|last=Savage|first=Charlie|title=Britain Detains Partner of Reporter Tied to Leaks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/19/world/europe/britain-detains-partner-of-reporter-tied-to-leaks.html|access-date=18 August 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 August 2013|author2=Michael Schwirtz|author-link=Charlie Savage (author)}}</ref><ref name="BBCAug19">{{cite news|title=US given 'heads up' on David Miranda detention|work=BBC News|date=19 August 2013|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23761918}}</ref>
====Section 44====
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| caption4 = Railway locomotive, Milford Haven
}}
*In September 2003, two people, Kevin Gillan and Pennie Quinton, intending to protest against the Defence Systems Equipment International (DSEI) show in London's [[London Docklands|Docklands]], were stopped and searched under the Act. Quinton, who is a journalist, was ordered by police to stop filming the protest. The pressure group [[Liberty (pressure group)|Liberty]] took the case to [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] where the Judge ruled in favour of the police.<ref name="bbc-powers"/><ref name="guardian-armsfair">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/oct/31/armstrade.terrorism|title=Arms fair protesters lose legal challenge|date=31 October 2003|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 December 2009 | location=London}}</ref> Appeals to the Court of Appeal, and, in March 2006, to the House of Lords, failed. The case was then taken to the European Court of Human Rights, on the grounds of an alleged violation of Articles 5,8,10 and 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The court ruled that the stop-and-search powers of the police constituted a violation of the right to privacy.<ref name=guardian-15dec2010>{{cite news|title=Stop and search powers illegal, European court rules|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/12/stop-and-search-ruled-illegal|access-date=15 December 2011|date=12 January 2010|work=The Guardian|first=Alan|last=Travis}}</ref>
*[[Walter Wolfgang]], an 82-year-old from London, was removed from the 2005 [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] conference for heckling [[Jack Straw]]. Wolfgang had shouted that Straw's policy on Iraq was "nonsense." When Wolfgang tried to re-enter the conference, he was stopped by police under the Terrorism Act, but was not arrested.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4291388.stm|title=Labour issues apology to heckler|date=28 September 2005|work=BBC News|access-date=9 April 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> "The Terrorism Act was introduced by Tony Blair with the promise that it would be used only in the gravest of cases," James Ball complained in ''The Guardian'' in 2012, referencing Wolfgang's incident.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ball|first=James|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/apr/02/surveillance-state-coalition-email-social-media|title=The surveillance state: growing under a coalition that pledged to reverse it {{!}} James Ball|date=2012-04-02|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-04-09|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* Over
* During the 2005 [[31st G8 summit#Citizens' responses and authorities' counter-responses|G8 protests]] in [[Auchterarder]], Scotland, a [[cricket]]er on his way to a match was stopped at King's Cross station in London under Section 44 powers and questioned over his possession of a [[cricket bat]].<ref name='TeleAbuse'/>
* In October 2008, police stopped a 15-year-old schoolboy in south London who was taking photographs of [[Wimbledon railway station]] for his school geography project. He was questioned under suspicion of being a terrorist. His parents raised concerns that his personal data could be held on a [[Crimint|police database]] for up to six years.<ref name="schoolboy">{{cite web|url=http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/terrorism_act_photography_fears_spark_police_response_news_271070.html|title=Terrorism Act: Photography fears spark police response|date=30 October 2008|work=Amateur Photographer|access-date=30 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206183303/http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/terrorism_act_photography_fears_spark_police_response_news_271070.html|archive-date=6 December 2008}}</ref>
* In January 2009, Member of Parliament [[Andrew Pelling]] was questioned after photographing [[roadworks]] near a railway station<ref name="pelling">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/4144210/Tory-MP-stopped-and-searched-by-police-for-taking-photos-of-cycle-path.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223201420/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/4144210/Tory-MP-stopped-and-searched-by-police-for-taking-photos-of-cycle-path.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 February 2009|title=Tory MP stopped and searched by police for taking photos of cycle path |date=6 January 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=30 November 2009 | location=London}}</ref>
*In April 2009, a man in [[Enfield Town|Enfield]] was questioned under Section 44 for photographing a police car that he considered was being driven inappropriately along a public footpath. The police claimed (incorrectly) that the act made it illegal to take photographs of police officers and vehicles.<ref name="enfield">{{cite news|url=http://www.enfieldindependent.co.uk/news/4289832.Man_questioned_under_terrorism_law_after_taking_picture_of_police_car_in_park/|title=Man questioned under terrorism law after taking picture of police car in park|last=Cosgrove|first=Sarah |date=14 April 2009|work=Enfield Independent|access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref>
* Trainspotters have frequently been subjected to stop and search. Between 2000 and 2009, police used powers under the Act to stop 62,584 people at railway stations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/jan/22/british-transport-police-crime|title = Police seek new rights for searching train passengers| website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date = 22 January 2009}}</ref>
* In November 2009, [[BBC]] photographer Jeff Overs was searched and questioned by police outside the [[Tate Modern]] art gallery for photographing the sunset over [[St Paul's Cathedral]], under suspicion of preparing for a terrorist act. Overs lodged a formal complaint with the Metropolitan Police.<ref name="overs1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8384972.stm|title=BBC photographer on being stopped by police|date=29 November 2009|work=The Andrew Marr Show|access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref><ref name="overs2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23776068-bbc-man-in-terror-quiz-for-photographing-st-pauls-sunset.do |title=BBC man in terror quiz for photographing St Paul's sunset |last=Davenport |first=Justin |date=27 November 2009 |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=30 November 2009 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130161651/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23776068-bbc-man-in-terror-quiz-for-photographing-st-pauls-sunset.do |archive-date=30 November 2009 }}</ref>
*In December 2009, renowned architectural photographer Grant Smith was searched by a group of [[City of London Police]] officers under Section 44 because he was taking photographs of [[Christ Church Greyfriars]]; although he was working on public ground, the church's proximity to the [[Bank of America]] City of London branch caused a bank security guard to call the police.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/dec/08/police-search-photographer-terrorism-powers|title=Police stop church photographer under terrorism powers|last=Booth|first=Robert|date=8 December 2009|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 December 2009 | location=London}}</ref>
* In June 2010, [[Metropolitan Police]] officers attempted to prevent a 15-year-old boy from photographing an [[Armed Forces Day (United Kingdom)|Armed Forces Day]] parade in [[Romford]], East London, citing "[[Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003|antisocial behaviour]]" and the Terrorism Act. A police misconduct hearing held in December 2011 found that the police had no legal power to prevent the teenager from taking pictures and that the police inspector involved in the incident had used abusive language in calling the boy "silly", "gay" and "stupid". The boy was awarded compensation and given an apology.<ref name=mattson-photographer>{{cite web|title=Photographer wins police payout over lawful pics|url=http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/Photographer_wins_police_payout_over_lawful_pics_news_310784.html|work=Amateur Photographer|access-date=13 December 2011|date=12 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108032807/http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/Photographer_wins_police_payout_over_lawful_pics_news_310784.html|archive-date=8 January 2012}}</ref><ref name=mattson-telegraph>{{cite news|title=Police apologise for gay jibe against photographer|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8951188/Police-apologise-for-gay-jibe-against-photographer.html|access-date=13 December 2011|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=12 December 2011|location=London|first=Richard|last=Alleyne}}</ref>
*In October 2011, a man was challenged by security staff in the [[Braehead]] Shopping Centre in [[Glasgow]] after taking photographs of his own four-year-old daughter eating an ice cream in the centre. He was held by [[Strathclyde Police]] under the Terrorism Act and eventually released without charge.<ref name=bbc-braehead>{{cite news|title=Row over photo in shopping centre|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-15236758|access-date=13 December 2011|work=BBC News|date=10 October 2011}}</ref>
===Schedule 7===
*[[Paul Golding]] was arrested after visiting Russia in October 2019. Paul Golding refused to provide PIN codes to his phone and laptop at [[Heathrow Airport]] and so he was arrested at the airport and convicted in February 2020 with a [[Discharge (sentence)|Conditional Discharge]] for 9 months and ordered to pay £21 in [[Victim surcharge]] and £750 in costs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Britain First leader Paul Golding convicted under terrorism law |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/may/20/britain-first-leader-paul-golding-convicted-under-terrorism-law |access-date=21 February 2023 |work=[[The Guardian
* British journalist Kit Klarenberg, who works for ''[[The Grayzone]]'', was detained at [[Luton airport]] on 17 May 2023. He was interrogated for over five hours about his reports on the British government and intelligence services, his work for ''The Grayzone'' and his opinions about the British government and [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russia’s invasion of Ukraine]]. His electronic devices, bank cards and memory cards were taken by police, who fingerprinted him, took DNA swabs, and photographed him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grayzone journalist detained by counter-terrorism police on arrival to London |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/b/grayzone-journalist-detained-counter-terrorism-police-arrival-london |website=Morning Star |access-date=6 June 2023 |language=en |date=31 May 2023}}</ref> The [[National Union of Journalists]] expressed grave concern over his arrest.<ref>{{cite web |title=NUJ expresses concern over detention of journalist Kit Klarenberg |url=https://www.nuj.org.uk/resource/nuj-expresses-concern-over-detention-of-journalist-kit-klarenberg.html |website=NUJ |access-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230602131201/https://www.nuj.org.uk/resource/nuj-expresses-concern-over-detention-of-journalist-kit-klarenberg.html#selection-1251.0-1251.66 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |date=2 June 2023}}</ref>
==Amendments==
Line 379 ⟶ 381:
* [[Photography and the law]] – issues arising around the taking of photographs
* [[Censorship in the United Kingdom]]
* [[List of designated terrorist
* [[
==References==
Line 391 ⟶ 393:
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070428115653/http://www.counter-terrorism-law.org/Carliledefterror1.htm Review of definition of “Terrorism” in British Law published]
*[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/7 Terrorism Act 2000 Schedule 7 Port and Border Controls]
[[Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2000]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Terrorism laws in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:The Troubles (Northern Ireland)]]
Line 404:
[[Category:Censorship in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:East Turkestan independence movement]]
[[Category:Constitutional laws of the United Kingdom]]
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