Court-martial: Difference between revisions

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===China===
{{main|Military court (China)|:zh:中国人民解放军军事法院}}
The Military Court of the Chinese People's Liberation Army is the highest level military court (High Military Court, a special people's court executing the authority of the High People's Court) established by the People's Republic of China within the Chinese People's Liberation Army with jurisdiction over the nation's armed forces (including the [[People's Liberation Army]] and the [[People's Armed Police]]), organized as a unit directly under the Political and Legal Committee of the Central Military Commission, and operationally under The Supreme People's Court and the Political and Legal Committee of the Central Military Commission is under the dual leadership of the [[Supreme People's Court]] and the [[:zh:中央军事委员会政法委员会|Political and Legal Committee of the Central Military Commission]].
 
===Finland===
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There are four kinds of courts-martial in India. These are the General Court Martial (GCM), District Court Martial (DCM), Summary General Court Martial (SGCM) and Summary Court Martial (SCM). According to the Army Act, army courts can try personnel for all kinds of offenses, except for murder and rape of a civilian, which are primarily tried by a civilian court of law.
The [[President of India]] can use his judicial power under Article 72 of the [[Constitution of India|constitution]] to pardon, reprieve, respite or remission of punishment or sentence given by a court martial.
 
===Ireland===
Courts martial are provided for in the [[Constitution of Ireland]], which states in Article 38.4.1 that:
 
"Military tribunals may be established for the trial of offences against military law alleged to have been committed by persons while subject to military law and also to deal with a state of war or armed rebellion."
 
There are three classes of courts martial in the Irish Defence Forces:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.military.ie/en/public-information/courts-martial/|title=Courts Martial - Defence Forces|publisher=Department of Defence|website=military.ie|accessdate=15 April 2024}}</ref>
* The Summary Court-Martial (SCM) is tried by a Military Judge sitting alone. Sentences are limited to six months imprisonment.
* The Limited Court-Martial (LCM) is tried by a Military Judge and a board of three members of the Defence Forces. Sentences are limited to two years imprisonment.
* The General Court-Martial (GCM) is tried by a Military Judge and a board of five members of the Defence Forces. The GCM has no sentencing limit. Officers of Lieutenant-Colonel rank and higher can only be tried by a GCM.
 
===Israel===
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The measures it applies, combining elements of colonial administration and [[martial law]], cover not only incidents involving recourse to violence but many other activities, non-violent protests, political and cultural statements and the way Palestinians are allowed to move or associate with each other.{{sfn|Hajjar|2005|pp=3–4}} Some of the problematic facets of the system Palestinian prisoners are subject to are, according to sociology professor [[Lisa Hajjar]]; prolonged detention of suspects incommunicado, impeding a client's access to his lawyer, the routine use of coercion under interrogation to obtain confessions and the introduction of "secret evidence".{{sfn|Hajjar|2005|p=5}}
 
Writing in 1978 Michael Goldstein called the detention system "an aberration of criminal justice", but temporary in nature and dictated by an ongoing war situation. He credited Israel with refraining from making it part of their judicial, as opposed to military, system.{{sfn|Goldstein|1978|p=43}}
 
In a five-month period of the [[First Intifada]], Israel put 1,900 Palestinians under an [[administrative detention]] order.{{sfn|Playfair|1988|p=413}} For the decade from 2000 to 2009 it was estimated that at any one time anywhere between 600 and 1,000 Palestinians were subjected annually to administrative detention.{{sfn|Hoffnung|Weinshall–Margel|2010|p=159}}
 
Amnesty International stated that in 2017 Israeli authorities continue to adopt administrative detention rather than criminal prosecution to detain "hundreds of Palestinians, including children, civil society leaders and [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] workers, without charge or trial under renewable orders, based on information withheld from detainees and their lawyers", and that administrative detainees numbered 441.{{sfn|AI|2018b|pp=208–209}}
 
===Indonesia===
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The 1992 movie ''[[A Few Good Men]]'' (and [[A Few Good Men (play)|the play on which it was based]]) deals almost entirely with the court martial of two enlisted Marines.
 
In the 2008 to 2014 sci-fiction animated TV show "[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]'s 2011 fourth season's episode "Plan of Dissent" [[Clone trooper|clone troopers]] Fives and Jesse, both serving in the Grand Army of the Republic, act against orders from their acting superior in a war situation and in revenge are threatened with court-martial and consequent execution. They found themselves court-martialed and about to be executed by firing squad in the next episode, although the final execution did not happen despite them being found guilty
 
== See also ==