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{{Infobox criminal
| name = Anne Perry
| image_name =Paris - Salon du livre 2012 - Anne Perry - 011 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Perry (née Hulme) in 2012
| birth_name = Juliet Marion Hulme
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1938|10|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]], [[London]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|4|10|1938|10|28|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
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}}
The '''Parker–Hulme murder case''' was the murder of Honorah Rieper in [[Christchurch]], New Zealand, on 22 June 1954. The perpetrators were Rieper's teenage daughter Pauline Parker and her friend [[Anne Perry|Juliet Hulme
The murder received wider public attention following the release of [[Peter Jackson]]'s 1994 film ''[[Heavenly Creatures]].''
==Background==
[[File:Honorah Mary Parker (14377739776).jpg|thumb|[[Deposition (law)|Deposition]] made by Herbert Rieper with regard to the estate of Honorah Mary Parker. As they were not married, her estate passed to her children.]]
Pauline Yvonne Parker (also known as Pauline Rieper) was born on 26 May 1938. She met Juliet Hulme when they were both in their early teens. Parker came from a [[working class|working-class]] background. Her parents were part-time house staff and gardeners, employed by the University of Canterbury.{{clarify|reason=Which university?|date=December 2022}} Her father, Herbert Rieper, and her mother, Honorah Mary Parker, were living together but were not actually married (this was not public knowledge and was only revealed Juliet Hulme was born in [[London]] in 1938 and
As their friendship developed, Parker and Hulme formed an elaborate [[fantasy (psychology)|fantasy life]] together. They wrote plays, books, and stories centred in this world. The girls had an intense friendship which caused concern in Parker's parents that they were engaged in a sexual relationship; [[homosexuality]] at the time was considered a [[mental illness]].
During their relationship, the girls invented their own personal [[religion]], with their own ideas on morality. They rejected [[Christianity]] and worshipped their own [[saint]]s, envisioning a [[Parallel universe (fiction)|parallel dimension]] called The Fourth World, essentially their version of [[Heaven]]. The Fourth World was a place that they felt they were already able to enter occasionally, during moments of
Parker was not invited to go to Ilam over the summer holidays in 1953 as she had been in previous years. In 1954, Hulme's parents [[marital separation|separated]]. Problems with faculty and the board forced Hulme’s father to resign from his position as rector of the university, and her mother was involved in an [[extramarital affair]]. Hulme's family planned to return to England, but it was decided that Hulme herself would be sent to live with relatives in [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]—ostensibly for her health.
Both girls were heartbroken over their upcoming separation and decided that Parker should go to South Africa as well. They thought the Hulmes would agree to this plan. Parker was certain her mother would not allow her to go with Hulme. The girls formed a plan to murder Parker's mother in order to remove their perceived obstacle in them remaining together. Their long term plan was to go to South Africa and then head to [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] or [[New York City]], where they believed they would publish their writing and work in film.
==Murder==
On the afternoon of 22 June 1954, Parker and Hulme had afternoon tea with Parker's mother, Honorah Rieper, in a tea kiosk in [[Victoria Park, Christchurch|Victoria Park]], Christchurch. Following
Rieper's body was discovered in Victoria Park<ref name=crimelib>{{cite web|url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/famous/parker_hulme/index.html|title=Dutiful Daughters|publisher=TruTV Crime Library |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070901015408/http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/famous/parker_hulme/index.html |archive-date=1 September 2007}}</ref> by Ritchie. Major [[laceration]]s were found about her head, neck, and face, with minor injuries to her fingers. Police soon discovered the murder weapon in the nearby woods. The girls' story of Rieper's accidental death quickly fell apart.
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Prior to the trial, Parker had been known as Pauline Rieper. Her mother had been living with her father, Herbert Rieper, but the police investigations revealed that they were not, in fact, married. Thus, during the trial, both Honorah and Pauline were referred to with the surname "Parker".<ref>[http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/Digitised/ParkerHulme/Page2.asp Parker–Hulme murder case]; ''Star-Sun'', 23 August 1954, p.1</ref>
The trial was a sensational affair, with speculation about the girls' possible [[
Less than four months later, the murder was taken as strong evidence of moral decline by the Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents in what became known as the [[Mazengarb Report]], named after
==Release==
Following her release from prison, Parker was given a new identity as Hilary Nathan,<ref name=NZHerald-2006-03-05>{{cite news |title=We were not lesbians, says former Juliet Hulme |date=5 March 2006 |newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10371147 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025081007/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10371147 |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy}}</ref> and spent some time in New Zealand under close surveillance before being allowed to leave for England. From at least 1992, she was living in the small village of [[Hoo St Werburgh|Hoo]], near [[Strood]], [[Kent]], and running a children's [[Equestrian facility|riding school]].<ref name=Cooke-1994>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Cooke |date=c. 1994 |newspaper=[[New Zealand Woman's Weekly]] |title=Parker-Hulme murder exclusive |url=http://www.domusaurea.org/borovnia/hilary.html |via=domusaurea.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721114131/http://www.domusaurea.org/borovnia/hilary.html |archive-date=21 July 2006 |df=dmy}}</ref> As an adult, she became a devout [[Roman Catholic]]. While she has never spoken to the press, in a 1996 statement released through her sister she expressed strong remorse for having killed her mother. Her sister further stated that "[Pauline] committed the most terrible crime and has spent 40 years repaying it by keeping away from people and doing her own little thing ... After it happened, she was very sorry about it. It took her about five years to realise what she had done."<ref name=Cooke-1994/>
After her release from prison, Hulme spent time in England and the United States, later settling in Scotland and becoming a successful historical detective novelist under her new name, [[Anne Perry]]. She had been a member of
Hulme/Perry died on 10 April 2023, at the age of 84.<ref name = Gates>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/12/books/anne-perry-dead.html|title = Anne Perry, Crime Writer With Her Own Dark Tale, Dies at 84|last = Gates|first = Anita|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = 12 April 2023|access-date = 12 April 2023|url-access = limited|archive-date = 13 April 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230413000108/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/12/books/anne-perry-dead.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/apr/12/anne-perry-killer-turned-writer-dies-84|title = Anne Perry, killer turned crime writer, dies aged 84|newspaper = [[The Guardian]]|agency = [[Agence France-Presse]]|date = 12 April 2023|access-date = 12 April 2023|archive-date = 12 April 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230412203356/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/apr/12/anne-perry-killer-turned-writer-dies-84|url-status = live}}</ref>
==Media portrayals==
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=== Film ===
*
*
* ''[[Reflections of the Past]]'' (2011)
=== Books ===
* ''The Evil Friendship'' by [[M. E. Kerr]] (1958)
*
* The case also inspired [[Evie Wyld]]'s novel ''[[All The Birds, Singing]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Guernica Magazine |date=August 2014 |title=Felt Not Known |url=https://www.guernicamag.com/interviews/felt-not-known/ |work=Guernica / A Magazine of Art & Politics}}</ref>▼
* "So Brilliantly Clever," (2011)
* Micah Nemerever's debut novel, ''These Violent Delights,'' is partially inspired by these events. The two main characters' "emotional dynamic" is based upon the relationship of Parker and Perry. The characters are named "Paul" and "Julian" after Pauline and Juliet respectively. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greif |first=Quentin |title=These Violent Delights Interview – Aptly |url=https://www.aptlyjournal.org/these-violent-delights-interview/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>▼
** The 2013 edition was retitled as "Anne Perry and the Murder of the Century".<ref>{{Cite web |author=Kirkus Reviews |title=Anne Perry and the Murder of the Century |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/peter-graham/anne-perry-and-the-murder-of-the-century/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>
▲*
▲*
=== Theatre ===
*
* [[Mary Orr]] and [[Reginald Denham]]'s 1967 play ''Minor Murder'',
* [[Michelanne Forster]]'s 1992 New Zealand play ''[https://teara.govt.nz/en/document/43975/daughters-of-heaven-1992 Daughters of Heaven]''
*
== See also ==
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{{Reflist|20em}}
== Further
*J.H.H. Gaute and Robin Odell, ''The New Murderers' Who's Who'', 1996, Harrap Books, [[London]]
*''Famous Criminal Cases, Volume Two'', 1955, London
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*Patrick Wilson, ''Children who kill'', 1973, London
*Glamuzina, Julie and Alison J. Laurie, 1991 ''Parker and Hulme, a lesbian view''. Auckland, New Women's Press. Re-published 1995, Ithaca, Firebrand Books. With an introduction by B. Ruby Rich.
*Peter Graham, ''Anne Perry and the murder of the century''
==External links==
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