Shuliavka Republic: Difference between revisions

{{shortShort description|Self1905 self-declareddecarded entity in Shuliavka neighborhood, KievKyiv}}

| date_start = 12 December

| year_start = 1905

| date_end = 16 December 1905

| year_end = 1905

| image_map_caption = Early 20th-century postcard depicting the [[KievKyiv Polytechnic Institute]], where the uprising was headquartered.

The '''ShuliavskaShuliavka Republic''' ({{lang-uk|Шулявська республіка}}; {{lang-ru|Шулявская республика}}) was a self-declared entity in [[Shuliavka]] neighborhood, [[KievKyiv]] by workers of the factory of Greter, Krivanek, & Co (today [[Bilshovyk Factory (KievKyiv)|Bilshovyk Factory]]) and students of the [[KievKyiv Polytechnic Institute]].<ref name=hamm>{{cite book|title=Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917|last=Hamm|first=Michael F.|year=1993|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=0-691-02585-1|pages=216–219}}</ref> The uprising lasted a total of four days, from December 12–16 December ([[Julian calendar|O.S.]]; 26–29 in the [[Gregorian calendar]]), 1905. The Shuliavska Republic ended after the [[Military history of the Russian Empire|Imperial Russian Army]] put down the uprising.

On 11 December 11, 1905 (O.S.), in a sign of support for the [[Moscow Uprising of 1905|December Uprising]] in Moscow,<ref name="kudrytskyi">{{cite book|last=Kudrytskyi|first=A.|title=Kyiv, Encyclopedic Directory|year=1981|publisher=Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia |location=[[Kiev|Kyiv]]|pages=705}}</ref> the Council of Workers' Deputies of KievKyiv decided to stage a mass uprising. On the next day, all major city organisations of the city stopped their operation. The majority of the protesting workers were concentrated in the Shuliavska district.

By a couple of hours after the start of the uprising, a "strict revolutionary order" was established.<ref name=hamm/><ref name="kudrytskyi"/> Groups of about 150 armed workers were sent to patrol the territory,<ref name=hamm/><ref name="kudrytskyi"/> which was headquartered in the first building of the [[KievKyiv Polytechnic Institute]].

Shuliavka was declared a workers' republic,<ref name="oldkiev">{{cite web|url=http://oldkiev.info/progulki_ulicami_Kieva/shulyavska.html|title=Something about Shuliavka|access-date=2008-04-19 April 2008|work=Old Kiev|language=uk}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> where the citywide protest headquarters and the Council of Workers' Deputies were housed. Workers in the district proclaimed the republic as the sole authority in KievKyiv. Among the supporters of the protesting workers were the students and faculty of the Polytechnic Institute.

{{quoteblockquote|Citizens of the Shuliavska republic protest for the abolition of [[absolute monarchy]], for the freedom of speech and assembly, for [[Social work|social services]], for amnesty of political prisoners, for a national [[emancipation]] of [[Ukrainians]], [[Polish people|Poles]], and [[Jew]]s, and other nationalities of the [[Russian Empire]], for the immediate end to the [[Pogrom|Jewish pogroms]], which embarrasses our people.}}

In addition, the workers demanded a [[pension]], normal working conditions, the removal of unnecessary fines, better medical services, and a system of government protection.<ref>{{cite news|first=Andrei|last=Manchuk|title=In defence of the "'Shuliavska republic"'|url=http://www.pk.kiev.ua/city/2007/01/19/110053.html|work=Gazeta po-Kievski|date=January 19, January 2007|access-date=2008-04-19 April 2008|language=ru|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308161743/http://www.pk.kiev.ua/city/2007/01/19/110053.html|archive-date=March 8, March 2008}}</ref>

The ongoing conflict between the [[Bolshevik]]s and the [[Menshevik]]s in the Council and Committee of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] slowed the growth of the uprising.<ref name="kudrytskyi"/> On 15 December (O.S.), the territory of Shuliavska was surrounded by the Imperial Russian Army and local authorities. The police, who, before then, usually avoided the area,<ref>Hamm, pg. 217.</ref> began mass arrests and confiscated any weapons they found. In all, police arrested more than 78 people.<ref name="Hamm-219">Hamm, pg. 219.</ref> On the next day, the uprising was put down by a 2,000-strong armed force consisting mainly of the [[Special Corps of Gendarmes]] and [[Cossacks|Cossack cavalry]].<ref name="kudrytskyi"/><ref name="oldkiev"/>

{{reflist|30em}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171223024758/http://kpi.ua/history-shulyavska_republic 1899–1917: Shuliavka Republic and students movements in the beginning of the 20th century (1899-19171899–1917: Шулявська республіка та студентські рухи початку 20 сторіччя)]. [[KievKyiv Polytechnic Institute]].

[[Category:1905 Russian Revolution of 1905]]