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Line 1: {{Short description\|City in Kurdistan province, Iran}} ~~{{pp-protected\|small=yes}}~~ ~~{{Infobox settlement~~ ~~\|official_name =Baneh~~ ~~\|native_name = بانه~~ ~~\|settlement_type = City~~ ~~\|image_skyline =~~ ~~\|imagesize =~~ ~~\|image_caption =~~ ~~\| image_flag =~~ ~~\|mapsize =150px~~ ~~\|pushpin_map =Iran~~ ~~\|coordinates = {{coord\|35\|59\|51\|N\|45\|53\|07\|E\|region:IR\|display=inline,title}}~~ ~~\|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states\|Country]]~~ ~~\|subdivision_name = {{flag\|Iran}}~~ ~~\|subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces of Iran\|Province]]~~ ~~\|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Iran\|County]]~~ ~~\|subdivision_type3 =[[Bakhsh]]~~ ~~\|subdivision_name1 =[[Kurdistan Province\|Kurdistan]]~~ ~~\|subdivision_name2 =[[Baneh County\|Baneh]]~~ ~~\|subdivision_name3 =[[Central District (Baneh County)\|Central]]~~ ~~\|established_title =~~ ~~\|established_date =~~ ~~\|leader_title =~~ ~~\|leader_name =~~ ~~\|area_footnotes =~~ ~~\|area_total_km2 =1584.5~~ ~~\|elevation_m =1554~~ ~~\|population_urban =110,218 <ref>https://www.amar.org.ir/english</ref>~~ ~~\|population_metro =~~ ~~\|population_est =~~ ~~\|population_est_as_of =~~ ~~\|population_as_of = 2016 Census~~ ~~\|population_density_km2 =auto~~ ~~\|area_code =087-342~~ ~~\|website =http://www.banehcity.ir/~~ ~~\|footnotes =~~ ~~\|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time\|IRST]]~~ ~~\|utc_offset = +3:30~~ ~~\|timezone_DST = [[Iran Daylight Time\|IRDT]]~~ ~~\|utc_offset_DST = +4:30~~ }} '''Baneh''' ({{lang-fa\|بانه\|Bāneh}},<ref>{{GEOnet3\|-3055216}}</ref> {{lang-ku\|Bane ,بانە}}<ref>{{cite news \|title=ئێوەش پشتیوانی ماڵی ڕێکخراوی مافی مرۆڤیی"هەنگاو" بن \|url=https://hengaw.net/so/news/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%98%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%DA%A9-%D9%84%DB%95-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95-1 \|accessdate=21 March 2020\|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Hengaw- Li devera Bane ya Rojhilatê Kurdistanê kolberekî kurd di encama êrişa pasdarên Îranê de hat kuştin \|url=https://hengaw.net/ku/news/li-bane-kolberek-ji-aliye-pasdaren-irane-ve-hat-kustin \|accessdate=21 March 2020 \|language=ku}}</ref>) is a city and capital of [[Baneh County]], [[Kurdistan Province]], in [[Iran]]'s western border. Baneh is bordered by [[Saqqez]] to the east, [[Marivan]] to the south, [[Sardasht, West Azerbaijan\|Sardasht]] to the west, and is approximately 30 km (18 miles) from the Iraqi province of [[Iraqi Kurdistan]]. According to the 2016 [[census]], the city has a population of 115,325. After the cities of [[Sanandij\|Sanandaj]], [[Marivan]] and [[Saqqez]], Baneh is the fourth largest city in Kurdistan province and the 109th-largest in Iran.<ref>{{IranCensus2006\|12}}</ref> Located in the heart of the [[Zagros Mountains]], the vicinity is known for its unique oak forests. {{for multi\|the administrative division of Kurdistan province\|Baneh County\|other places with a similar name\|Bane (disambiguation){{!}}Bane}} ~~== Appellation ==~~ Baneh name from the [[Kurdish languages\|Kurdish]] word "Ban (Kurdish:بان)" meaning "roof" long and by the height and know how to deploy and position of Baneh. 1554 meters of height above sea level and the heights of the surrounding landscape is made possible to reach people in a large way to the uphill travel. {{pp\|small=yes}} ~~== Geography ==~~ {{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2023}} ~~=== Location ===~~ City of Baneh is located in West mountainous and forested region of [[Kurdistan Province\|Kurdistan province]] which is surrounded by mountains like [[Mount Arbaba\|Arbaba]] (آرببا), Jnireh (جنیره), Babos (بابوس) and Dozin (دوزین). the geographical coordinates of Baneh is longitude 45 degrees 53 minutes latitude and 35 degrees 59 minutes.<ref>A. Mardūḵ, "Bāna", Encyclopaedia Iranica [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bana-a-sahrestan-in-the-province-of-kurdistan-located-in-a-mountainous-well-forested-region-of-western-iran-at-35-59-]</ref> {{Infobox settlement ~~=== Climate ===~~ \| official_name = Baneh ~~Baneh has cold winters and mild summers and also air temperature difference of twenty degrees below zero to thirty-six degrees above zero. The amount of annual precipitation is 921 mm.~~ \| native_name = {{lang-fa\|بانه}} \| settlement_type = City \| image_skyline = Baneh panorama from Arbaba.jpg \| imagesize = \| image_caption = Panorama view of Baneh \| image_flag = \| mapsize = \| pushpin_map = Iran#Iran Kurdistan \| coordinates = {{coord\|35\|59\|49\|N\|45\|53\|07\|E\|dim:2km\|display=inline,title}} \|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map \|author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) \|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=35.996944&mlon=45.885278&zoom=14#map=14/35.9969/45.8853 \|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] \|title=Baneh, Baneh County \|date=16 August 2023 \|access-date=16 August 2023 \|lang=fa}}</ref> \| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states\|Country]] \| subdivision_name = [[Iran]] \| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran\|Province]] \| subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran\|County]] \| subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh\|District]] \| subdivision_name1 = [[Kurdistan Province\|Kurdistan]] \| subdivision_name2 = [[Baneh County\|Baneh]] \| subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Baneh County)\|Central]] \| established_title = \| established_date = \| leader_title = \| leader_name = \| area_footnotes = \| area_total_km2 = 1584.5 \| elevation_m = 1554 \| population_total = 110218 \| population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 census"/> \| population_metro = \| population_est = \| population_est_as_of = \| population_as_of = 2016 \| population_density_km2 = auto \| area_code = 087-342 \| website = {{URL\|http://www.banehcity.ir/}} \| footnotes = \| timezone = [[Iran Standard Time\|IRST]] \| utc_offset = +3:30 }} '''Baneh''' ({{lang-fa\|بانه}}){{efn\|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Bāneh''';<ref>{{GEOnet3\|-3055216}}</ref> {{lang-ku\|بانە}}; also known as '''Bane'''<ref>{{cite news \|title=ئێوەش پشتیوانی ماڵی ڕێکخراوی مافی مرۆڤیی"هەنگاو" بن \|url=https://hengaw.net/so/news/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%98%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%DA%A9-%D9%84%DB%95-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95-1 \|access-date=21 March 2020\|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Hengaw- Li devera Bane ya Rojhilatê Kurdistanê kolberekî kurd di encama êrişa pasdarên Îranê de hat kuştin \|url=https://hengaw.net/ku/news/li-bane-kolberek-ji-aliye-pasdaren-irane-ve-hat-kustin \|access-date=21 March 2020 \|language=ku}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Baneh County)\|Central District]] of [[Baneh County]], [[Kurdistan province\|Kurdistan]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Kurdistan Province Structure">{{cite web \|title = Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Kurdistan province, centered in the city of Sanandaj \|language = fa \|website = Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran \|url = https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113045 \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181023230624/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113045 \|publisher = Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board \|last = Habibi \|first = Hassan \|archive-date = 23 October 2018 \|date = 21 June 1369 \|access-date = 22 January 2024}}</ref> Baneh is approximately 30 km (18 miles) from [[Kurdistan Region]] in [[Iraq]]. == History == Historically, Baneh had a strategic and political importance due to its close proximity to the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The city was part of the three Kurdish principalities; [[Ardalan]], [[Baban]] and [[Mokryan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last=Marduk\|first=A.\|date=1988\|title=BĀNA\|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bana-a-sahrestan-in-the-province-of-kurdistan-located-in-a-mountainous-well-forested-region-of-western-iran-at-35-59-\|journal=[[Encyclopedia Iranica]]}}</ref> The old city had two [[citadel]]s and was generally ruled by the Eḵtīār-al-Dīn family who held both religious and secular power of the city. The family was held in high esteem during the [[Safavid Iran\|Safavid]] era and received the title 'sultan'. Moreover, rulers of Baneh had the responsibility of protecting the whole area from [[Khoy]] to [[Kermanshah]]. In the 16th century, Mīrzā Beg b. Mīr Moḥammad became the first virtually independent ruler of Baneh and its surroundings.<ref name=":0" /> ~~=== Before Islam ===~~ Pre-Islamic [[Zoroastrianism\|Zoroastrian]] nation called "Qaqo (Kurdish:قه‌قو)" ruled on the region and in the [[Arab invasion of Iran]] and then took it to Ekhtiyaredinis (Persian: اختیارالدینی) Until the middle of the thirteenth century AD. the original name of the city of Baneh is Barozha (Kurdish: به‌روژه)(mean:sunflower) and There are also documents that in all of them the base of Baneh, is the village that was called Barozha. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the city was plagued with epidemics which killed a large portion of the population. In 1944, the city experienced turmoil as part of the [[Hama Rashid revolt]] and was also bombed by both parties during the [[Iran–Iraq War]] in the 1980s. Most locals fled to Iraq during the war and much of the region was destroyed.<ref name=":0" /> ~~=== Safavid ===~~ Around the time of the [[Safavid dynasty\|Safavid]] usually guarding the Iranian border, from the city of [[Kermanshah]] to [[Khoy]] was assigned to rulers of Baneh. Governors of Baneh and [[Kurdistan\|Uraman]] holds the title of "King". Some authors believe that this title was given to them by [[Nader Shah\|Nader Shah Afshar.]] ==~~= World War I =~~Demographics== === Language and ethnicity === The city once before [[World War I]] and again in [[World War II]] was a burnt fiercely. The northeast cemetery of the city, is called "Baneh kon (Kurdish: بانه کۆڹ; Persian: بانه کهنه)". The rename and displacement reason of the city was due to [[cholera]] and [[Plague (disease)\|plague]] epidemic diseases that were common every few years and then survivors, assumed the primary site infected and created the city somewhere else. Fires and tribal conflict was another cause of the displacement of city. The population is mostly [[Shafiʽi school\|Shafiʽi]] [[Kurds\|Kurdish]] who speak [[Sorani]].<ref name=":0" /> === ~~Contemporary~~ Population=== At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 69,635 in 15,857 households.<ref name="2006 census">{{cite web \| title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006) \| page = 12 \| language = fa \| publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran \| website = AMAR \| url = http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/12.xls \| access-date = 25 September 2022 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110920092008/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/12.xls \| format = Excel \| archive-date = 20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 85,190 people in 22,149 households.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web \| title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011) \| page = 12 \| language = fa \| publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran \| website = Syracuse University \| url = https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Kurdistan.xls \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230119120701/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Kurdistan.xls \| archive-date = 19 January 2023 \| access-date = 19 December 2022 \| format = Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 110,218 people in 30,743 households.<ref name="2016 census">{{cite web \| title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016) \| page = 12 \| language = fa \| publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran \| website = AMAR \| url = https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_12.xlsx \| access-date = 19 December 2022 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220508185635/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_12.xlsx \| format = Excel \| archive-date = 8 May 2022}}</ref> After the cities of [[Sanandij\|Sanandaj]], [[Saqqez]] and [[Marivan]], Baneh is the fourth most populous city in [[Kurdistan province]].{{cn\|date=June 2024}} In 1323 [[solar calendar\|solar]] Baneh was set on fire by [[Mohammad Rashid Khan Darokhani]] (of Kurds in the Iraqi village Darokhan) who had rebelled against the central government in Iran, but he escaped to [[Iraq]] by attacking government forces and the reconstruction of city began and continued for 10 years. == ~~People~~Notable people == ~~=== Language ===~~ ~~[[Sulaymaniyah Governorate\|Sulaymaniyah]] [[Kurdish alphabets\|Sorani]] Kurdish dialect is the language of Baneh.~~ ~~=== Religion ===~~ Baneh is [[Sunni Islam\|Sunni]] Muslim and their religion is [[Al-Shafi‘i\|Imam Shafi'i]]. There was a [[Judaism\|Jewish]] minority in Baneh, whose number was over forty families. After [[Israel]] declared independence in 1948 and the partition of [[State of Palestine\|Palestine]], they thinking about immigration to Palestine in 1327 solar and in late 1328 immigrated and left Baneh completely. At the same time, Sardasht, Saqqez, [[Bukan\|Bokan]] and Marivan Jews and part of Sanandaj and [[Mahabad]] and [[Piranshahr]] Jews also emigrated. There are two theories about Jewish settlement in the West, the first one stated that the first Baneh Jewish settlement happened in the year 136 AD during the [[Barkoshbas]] (Persian: بارکوشباس) revolt against [[Ancient Rome\|Roman]] government and the dispersal of Jews around the world, and second, relates this issue to [[Tiglate Placer]] king of [[Assyrian people\|Assyria]] in 741 to 749 BC, after the conquest of [[Jerusalem]] by the Placer more than sixty thousand Jews exiled in parts of the West of Iran, [[Medes\|Median]] land, south of the [[Caspian Sea]] and the [[Caucasus Mountains]]. ~~== People ==~~ * [[Ebrahim Younesi]], writer and translator * [[Bahman Ghobadi]], director and writer * [[Ata Nahai\|Ata Nahaei]], novelist and translator * [[Farrokh Nematpoor\|Farrokh Nematpour]], novelist and translator * [[Taha Karimi]], director and writer * [[Ebrahim alipoor\|Ebrahim Alipour]], photographer * [[Mahindokht Motamedi]], poet and university lecturer * [[Keywan Karimi]], director ~~== Economy and Tourism ==~~ ~~=== Economy ===~~ Since the mid-70s cross-border trade flourished in Baneh. One of its effects, commodity prices were coming down. That's why the field of making shopping malls for selling cross-border cheaper goods arose, that to this date nearly 110 shopping centers have been built in the city. This process during 20 years made Baneh to become an important economical hub in the country. Annual circulation of money reaches more than 100 million dollars. ~~=== Tourism ===~~ After flourishing the economy and trading in Baneh, people all around the country made Baneh, one of their traveling destination goals to buy the cheaper goods. Annually Baneh is visited by more than 2 million tourists. Baneh also has a very beautiful and astonishing nature, jungle parks and untouched forests and advancing in the tourism industry also has made the city a fine place for travelers. ~~{\| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"~~ ~~\|+List of the hotels~~ ! ~~!Name~~ ~~!Grade~~ ~~!Address~~ \|- \|1 ~~\|Haleh international hotel~~ ~~\|5 star~~ ~~\|Farmandary Square~~ \|- \|2 ~~\|Arian hotel~~ ~~\|3 star~~ ~~\|Shora square~~ \|- \|3 ~~\|Shar hotel~~ ~~\|3 star~~ ~~\|Bilal Habashi boulevard~~ \|- \|4 ~~\|Zana hotel~~ ~~\|3 star~~ ~~\|Saqqez boulevard~~ \|- \|5 ~~\|Saman hotel~~ ~~\|2 star~~ ~~\|Sardasht boulevard~~ \|- \|6 ~~\|Setare Talaei hotel~~ ~~\|2 star~~ ~~\|15th Khordad square~~ \|} == Gallery == Line 136 ⟶ 77: File:Baneh city view.jpg\|Baneh by day File:Baneh Spring.jpg\|Shahr Park in spring ~~File:Baneh Rainy Day Dusk.jpg\|Rainy day, dusk view from Shahr Park~~ File:Baneh Laleh 5 Star Hotel.jpg\|Haleh International 5-Star hotel File:Baneh Behesht Shopping Center.jpg\|Behesht Shopping Center Line 144 ⟶ 84: File:Baneh Snow Kali Khan Mountain.jpg\|Snow covered Kali Khan </gallery> ~~[[File:Baneh panorama from Arbaba.jpg\|thumb\|1111x1111px\|Panoramic view of city from Arbaba]]~~ {{Commons category-inline\|Baneh}} ~~[[File:Baneh Nowroz Day Panorama.jpg\|none\|thumb\|1117x1117px\|Panoramic view of the city Newroz 1394]]~~ {{Portal-inline\|Iran}} {{clear}} == Notes == {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ~~{{Commons category\|Baneh}}~~ {{~~Kurdistan~~Authority ~~Province~~control}} ~~{{Baneh County}}~~ {{Kurdistan Province\|state=collapsed}} ~~{{Portal\|Iran}}~~ {{Baneh County\|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Populated places in Baneh County]] [[Category:Cities in Kurdistan province]] ~~[[Category:Towns and villages in Baneh County]]~~ ~~[[Category:Cities in Kurdistan Province]]~~ [[Category:Iranian Kurdistan]] ~~[[Category:Kurdish settlements in Iran]]~~ [[Category:Kurdish settlements in Kurdistan province]]