Content deleted Content added
Hoof Hearted (talk | contribs) →Other symbols: +St. David as patron saint |
→Costume: lower case |
||
(189 intermediate revisions by 78 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|none}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2012}}▼
{{Culture of Wales}}
The '''[[national symbol]]s of [[Wales]]''' include
==Flags==
Line 7 ⟶ 9:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| [[File:Flag of Wales 2.svg|border|
|
As an emblem, the [[Welsh Dragon|red dragon]] ({{lang-cy|Y Ddraig Goch<!--NOTE: Standard Wiki style is that non-English alternative names for articles are in italics rather than bold. This doesn't change for country names — see the articles on Germany or Italy for example.-->}}) of Wales has been used since the reign of [[Cadwaladr]], [[List of rulers of Wales|King of Gwynedd]] from around 655 AD and is present on the national [[flag of Wales]], which became an official flag in 1959.<ref name=":0" />
|-
| [[File:
| The flag of the Princely [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|House of Aberffraw]], [[blazoned]] ''Quarterly [[Or (heraldry)|or]] and [[gules]], four [[Lion (heraldry)|lions passant guardant]] two and two [[Tincture (heraldry)#Counterchanging|counterchanged]] langued and armed [[Azure (heraldry)|Azure]]''.<ref>The arms and flag have four squares alternating in gold and red (representing the Royal House of Aberffraw and iron, or Mars the god of War).
|-
| [[File:Glyndwr's Banner.svg|
| The banner of [[Owain Glyndŵr]] is associated with Welsh nationhood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WalesOnline |date=2004-09-15 |title=Flying the flag to remember Glyndwr |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/flying-flag-remember-glyndwr-2422875 |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=WalesOnline |language=en}}</ref> It was carried into battle by Welsh forces during [[Glyndŵr Rising|Glyndŵr's battles]] against the English, includes four lions on red and gold. The standard is similar to the arms of [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]] (Llywelyn the Last), the last Prince of Wales before the conquest of Wales by [[Edward I of England]]. The design may also be influenced by the arms of Glyndwr's parents, both of whom had lions in their arms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Wales - History - Themes - Welsh flag: Banner of Owain Glyndwr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/flag_owainglyndwr.shtml |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> There's no evidence to suggest this was ever used as a flag, but they are used in today on public buildings.
|-
|[[File:Flaga świętego Dawida.svg|
|The [[Flag of Saint David]], the patron Saint of Wales is sometimes used as an alternative to the national flag,
|}
==
{{main|Welsh heraldry}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| [[File:Red Dragon Badge of Wales.svg|
| The [[Welsh Dragon|Red Dragon]] ({{lang-cy|Y Ddraig Goch<!--NOTE: Standard Wiki style is that non-English alternative names for articles are in italics rather than bold. This doesn't change for country names — see the articles on Germany or Italy for example.-->}}) of Wales is a symbol of Wales that appears in "[[Lludd and Llefelys|Cyfranc Lludd a Lleuelys]]", ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'', ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae|Historia Regnum Britianniae]]'', and the [[Welsh Triads|Welsh triads]]. According to legend, [[Vortigern]] ({{Lang-cy|Gwrtheyrn}}) [[King of the Britons|King of the Celtic Britons]] from Powys is interrupted whilst attempting to build fort at Dinas Emrys. He is told by Merlin/Ambrosius ({{Lang-cy|Myrddin}}) to dig up two dragons beneath the castle. He discovers a red dragon representing the [[Celtic Britons]] (now Welsh) and a white dragon representing Anglo-Saxons (now English). Merlin/Ambrosius prophesies that the Celtic Britons will reclaim the island and push the Anglo-Saxons back to the sea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Dragon of Wales |url=https://www.maryjones.us/jce/reddragon.html |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=www.maryjones.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite DWB|id=s-GWRT-HEY-0400|last=Williams|first=Ifor|year=1959|title=Gwrtheyrn (Vortigern)}}</ref> As an emblem, the red dragon has been used since the reign of [[Cadwaladr]], [[List of rulers of Wales|King of Gwynedd]] from around 655AD and is present on the national [[flag of Wales]], which became an official flag in 1959.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2019-07-06 |title=Wales history: Why is the red dragon on the Welsh flag? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-47389680 |access-date=2022-09-06}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:
| Traditional Arms of the [[House of Aberffraw]], Gwynedd and the personal arms of [[Llywelyn the Great]].<ref>Depicted in Cambridge Corpus Christi College Parker Library MS 16 II, fol. 170r (''[[Chronica Majora]]'', c. 1250).</ref>
|-
|
|[[Owain Glyndŵr]]'s shield of arms was adopted by Glyndŵr as Prince of Wales, from 1400.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medieval copper alloy armorial mount |url=https://museum.wales/collections/online/object/40b280a8-7e77-32c4-b272-0ff63d466cf6/Medieval-copper-alloy-armorial-mount/?field0=string&value0=glyndwr&field1=with_images&value1=1&index=3 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Museum Wales |language=en}}</ref>
|-▼
| [[File:Royal Badge of Wales (2008).svg|184x184px]]
| The Welsh coat of arms, or [[Royal Badge of Wales]], which is based on the arms of the [[List of rulers of Wales|native princes of Wales]] from the 13th century.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-07-09 |title=First Welsh law's royal approval |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/wales_politics/7497491.stm |access-date=2022-09-06}}</ref>
|}
== British (formerly English) monarchy heraldry ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| The badge represents the Duke of Cornwall or Heir Apparent of the British monarchy (commonly known as the [[Prince of Wales's feathers]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Nino |date=2018-11-25 |title=The uncomfortable truth about the three feathers symbol embraced by Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/uncomfortable-truth-three-feathers-symbol-15451660 |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=WalesOnline |language=en}}</ref> It consists of three white feathers emerging from a gold coronet and the [[German language|German]] motto ''Ich dien'' (I serve). Several Welsh representative teams, including the Welsh rugby union, and Welsh regiments in the [[British Army]] (the [[Royal Welsh]], for example) use the badge or a stylised version of it. There have been attempts made to curtail the use of the emblem for commercial purposes and restrict its use to those authorised by the Prince of Wales.<ref>{{cite news |last=Burson |first=Sam |date=2 March 2007 |title=Stop using my Three Feathers |newspaper=[[Western Mail (Wales)|Western Mail]] |publisher=[[Media Wales|Media Wales Ltd]] |location=Cardiff |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_headline=-stop-using--my-three-feathers-&method=full&objectid=18695820&siteid=50082-name_page.html |access-date=11 November 2010}}</ref> The use of the emblem to symbolise Wales is controversial, such as [[Campaign to change the WRU logo|its use by the Welsh rugby union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daffodils, leeks and ruffled feathers: do national symbols matter? |url=https://www.thenational.wales/news/19918657.wales-wear-three-feathers-history-behind-symbol/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=The National Wales |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=David |first=Corrie |date=2021-11-02 |title=Thousands sign petition for WRU to change emblem to a dragon |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/thousands-sign-petition-calling-wru-22042806 |access-date=2022-02-18 |website=WalesOnline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Nino |date=2018-11-25 |title=The uncomfortable truth about the three feathers symbol embraced by Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/uncomfortable-truth-three-feathers-symbol-15451660 |access-date=2022-02-19 |website=WalesOnline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-30 |title=Yes Cymru propose alternative crests for WRU that ditch the three feathers |url=https://nation.cymru/sport/yes-cymru-propose-alternative-crests-for-wru-that-ditch-the-three-feathers/ |access-date=2022-02-19 |website=Nation.Cymru |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|}
== Plants and animals==
{{See also|Biodiversity of Wales}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| [[File:
| The [[Leek (vegetable)|leek]] is
|-
| [[File:Daffodills (Narcissus) - 25.jpg|
| The [[daffodil]] is the [[national flower]] of Wales,
|-
| [[File:
| The [[Sessile Oak]], also called the Welsh Oak is the [[national tree]] of Wales.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-07-23 |title=Tree trail with worldwide flavour |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/3920051.stm |access-date=2022-09-06}}</ref>
| The [[red kite]] is sometimes named as the national symbol of wildlife in Wales.<ref>[http://www.rspb.org.uk/news/details.asp?view=print&id=tcm:9-176206 The RSPB: Red kite voted Wales' Favourite Bird<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>▼
|-
| [[File:
▲| The [[red kite]] is sometimes named as the national symbol of wildlife in Wales.<ref>[http://www.rspb.org.uk/news/details.asp?view=print&id=tcm:9-176206 The RSPB: Red kite voted Wales' Favourite Bird
▲|-
▲| [[File:Dame Wales.jpg|100px]]
|}
== Welsh Language ==
The [[Welsh language]] is considered a symbol and icon of Wales and considered a "cornerstone of Welsh identity". Spoken throughout Wales by around 750,000 people, it is present on television, radio, [[Road signs in Wales|road signs and road markings]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-07-03 |title=National symbols of Wales |url=https://www.wales.com/about/culture/national-symbols-wales |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Wales |language=en}}</ref>
=== Welsh mottos ===
* "{{lang|cy|Cymru am byth}}" ("Wales forever") is a popular Welsh motto.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 February 2015 |title=Cymru am byth! The meaning behind the Welsh motto |work=[[WalesOnline]] |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/fun-stuff/cymru-am-byth-meaning-behind-8592076 |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref>
*"{{lang|cy|Pleidiol Wyf i'm Gwlad}}" ("I am true to my country"), taken from the [[National Anthem of Wales]], appears on the 2008 [[Royal Badge of Wales]],<ref>{{cite web |title=December 2008 Newsletter (No. 19) |url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/newsletter/2008/item/47-december-2008-newsletter-no-19 |website=www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/ |publisher=[[College of Arms]] |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="2008 badge">{{Cite news |date=9 July 2008 |title=First Welsh law's royal approval |agency=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/wales_politics/7497491.stm |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> the [[Welsh Seal]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Signed, sealed, delivered: Queen approves Welsh seal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-16202209 |access-date=3 October 2022 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=15 December 2011}}</ref> used during the reign of [[Elizabeth II]] and on the edge of [[£1]] coins that depict Welsh symbols.<ref name="Royal Mint £1">{{cite web |title=The £1 Coin - The United Kingdom £1 Coin |url=https://www.royalmint.com/discover/uk-coins/coin-design-and-specifications/one-pound-coin/ |website=www.royalmint.com/ |publisher=[[Royal Mint]] |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref>
* "{{lang|cy|Y [[Welsh Dragon|Ddraig Goch]] Ddyry Cychwyn}}" ("the [[Welsh Dragon|red dragon]] inspires action"<ref>{{Cite web |title=NATO Summit Wales 2014 logo unveiled |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nato-summit-wales-2014-logo-unveiled |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> / "the red dragon shall lead")<ref name="Royal Mint £1" /> appeared on the Royal Badge of Wales when it was created in 1953<ref>{{cite news |title=Welsh Flag: An official emblem |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/flag_officialemblem.shtml |access-date=3 October 2022 |agency=[[BBC]] |date=8 August 2008}}</ref> until 2008.<ref name="2008 badge" /> It also appeared on £1 coins as the motto of [[Cardiff]].<ref name="Royal Mint £1" />
==Music==
{{See also|Music of Wales}}[[File:2007 Rugby World Cup WAL-JPN - 01.JPG|thumb|Hen Wlad fy Nhadau being sung at a Wales rugby game]]
[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]] is the traditional [[national anthem]] of [[Wales]].<ref name="Anthem genedlaethol2">{{cite web |year=2014 |title=Welsh National Anthem |url=http://www.wales.com/about-wales/facts-about-wales/welsh-national-anthem |access-date=24 May 2014 |work=wales.com |publisher=[[Welsh Government]] |quote=''Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau'' gradually became accepted as Wales' national anthem – though to this day, it has no official status as such.}}</ref> The words were written by [[Evan James (poet)|Evan James]] and the tune was composed by his son, [[James James]], both residents of [[Pontypridd]], [[Glamorgan]], in January 1856.<ref name="Anthem genedlaethol2" /><ref name="BBC Anthem2">{{cite web |date=1 December 2008 |title=Welsh anthem – The background to Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/anthem/pages/anthem-background.shtml |access-date=3 December 2010 |work=Wales history |publisher=[[BBC Cymru Wales]]}}</ref> The earliest written copy survives and is part of the collections of the [[National Library of Wales]].<ref name="BBC Anthem2" />
Male voice choirs are considered a Welsh symbol. Traditional members of the movement include the Treorchy choir and the Morriston choir. More recently, the success Only Men Aloud has also played a part in continuing this tradition.<ref name=":1" />
The Welsh harp, also known as the triple harp is considered to be the national instrument of Wales.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-02 |title=Celebrating the Welsh harp and our traditional Celtic folk roots |url=https://www.wales.com/about/culture/welsh-harp-our-national-instrument |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Wales |language=en}}</ref>
== Art ==
{{See also|Welsh art}}
The earliest known dated lovespoon from Wales, displayed in the [[St Fagans National History Museum]] near [[Cardiff]], is from 1667, although the tradition is believed to date back long before that.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6 |editor1-last=Davies |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Davies (historian) |location=Cardiff |page=523 |editor2-last=Jenkins |editor2-first=Nigel |editor2-link=Nigel Jenkins |editor3-last=Menna |editor3-first=Baines |editor4-last=Lynch |editor4-first=Peredur I.}}</ref>
== Costume ==
{{Main|Traditional Welsh costume}}
[[File:Welsh costumes, Wales-LCCN2001703566.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Welsh dress, 1905]]
The unique [[Welsh hat]], which first made its appearance in the 1830s, was used as an icon of Wales from the 1840s.<ref>Christine Stevens, 'Welsh Peasant Dress – Workwear or National Costume', ''[[Textile History]] 33, 63–78 (2002)''</ref>
From the 1880s, when the traditional costume had gone out of general use, selected elements of it became adopted as a national costume. From then on it was worn by women at events such as Royal visits, by choirs, at church and chapel, for photographs and occasionally at [[eisteddfodau]]. It was first worn by girls as a celebration on [[Saint David's Day]] just before the First World War. The costume is now recognised as the [[National costume|national dress]] of Wales.<ref name="WAEoW">{{cite book |last=Davies |first=John |title=The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales |author2=Jenkins, Nigel |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6 |location=Cardiff |pages=931–932}}</ref>
==References==▼
==See also==
{{Europe topic|Symbols of}}▼
* [[Welsh cuisine]]
▲== References ==
▲{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}
▲{{Reflist}}{{Wales topics}}{{Europe topic|Symbols of}}
[[Category:National symbols of Wales| ]]
|