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{{Infobox military person
'''Gerhard Roßbach''' (February 28, 1893 – August 30, 1967), also spelt '''Rossbach''', was a German ''[[Freikorps]]'' leader and organizer of nationalist groups after [[World War I]]. He is generally credited with inventing the brown colored uniforms of the [[Nazi Party]] after supplying surplus tropical [[Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung|khaki shirts]] to early troops of the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]''.▼
|name = Gerhard Roßbach
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date= 28 February 1893
|death_date= {{death date and age|df=yes|1967|8|30|1893|2|28}}
|birth_place = [[German Empire]]
|death_place = [[West Germany]]
|allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}}<br />{{flag|Weimar Republic}}<br />{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Nazi Germany]] (1933–1934)
|branch = {{army|German Empire}}<br />{{army|Weimar Republic}}<br />[[Freikorps]]
|serviceyears =
|rank =
|unit =
|commands = [[World War I]]<br />[[Silesian Uprisings]]<br />[[Russian Civil War]]<br />[[Kapp Putsch]]<br />[[Ruhr Uprising]]<br />[[Beer Hall putsch]]
|battles =
|awards =}}
▲'''Gerhard Roßbach''' (28 February
Roßbach was born in [[Krzywin, Gryfino County|Kehrberg]], [[Pomerania]]. During the [[Freikorps in the Baltic|Baltic fighting of 1919]], his ''Freikorps'' made an extremely long march from Berlin across Eastern Europe to rescue the [[Iron Division]] (another ''Freikorps'') from destruction by the Latvian Army.<ref> Waite, p. 131</ref> It went on to participate in the [[Kapp Putsch]] in 1920, get banned, and then reform under various front organizations. Money came from the [[Landbund]], Heavy Industry, and arms dealing. In the early 1920s, he was arrested for trying to overthrow the government.<ref> Waite, pp. 191-196</ref>▼
==Life and career==
Roßbach also joined the Nazi Party. He took part in the [[Beer Hall putsch]] of 1923, mobilising students, cadets and officer candidates of the ''[[Reichswehr]]'', and then fled to [[Austria]] after the ''putsch'' failed. {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} He was recruited by [[Adolf Hitler]] to help organize the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA).<ref> Waite, p. 196</ref> By 1928, he could claim to have killed "a number of [[Mecklenburg]] laborers and [[Spartacus League|Spartacist]] sympathizers".<ref> Waite, p. 192, quoting Roßbach's testimony at a 1928 trial</ref> He later fell out with Hitler during his rise to power and was arrested but not killed during the [[Night of the Long Knives|Roehm Purge]] in 1934.<ref name="ReferenceA">Roßbach, Gerhard. ''Mein Weg. . . ''</ref>▼
▲Roßbach was born in [[Krzywin, Gryfino County|Kehrberg]], [[Pomerania]]. During the [[Freikorps in the Baltic|Baltic fighting of 1919]], his
In 1921 Roßbach, together with others from the Roßbach society, took part in a bike ride to East Prussia. In order to be uniformly equipped for this trip the remaining stock of the East African Lettow shirts, last used by the officers of the Schutztruppe, were bought and then distributed to the cyclists. These shirts were beige-brown, much lighter than the later Hitler shirts and with white mother-of-pearl buttons. Later these shirts were introduced as a community clothing in his society and in 1924 also for the Salzburg Schill Youth. They were then taken over for the German ''Schilljugend'' by [[Edmund Heines]]<ref>Gerhard Roßbach (1950). ''Mein Weg durch die Zeit. Erinnerungen und Bekenntnisse''. Weilburg/Lahn : Vereinigte Weilburger Buchdruckereien.</ref> and were later distributed, through the "Schill Sportversand", to the SA.
Historian [[Robert G. L. Waite]] described him as a "sadistic murderer of the so-called [[Fehmgericht]] and the notorious homosexual who, according to his own testimony, perverted [[Ernst Röhm]]".<ref> Waite, p. 131, in footnote 112. However, the usually very detailed Waite doesn't list a specific source for this (ie. 'his own testimony')</ref>▼
Roßbach helped start the ''
▲Roßbach also joined the Nazi Party for a time, and was Hitler's representative in Berlin, setting up front organizations when the Nazis were banned in [[Prussia]].<ref name=Friedrich /> He took part in the [[Beer Hall putsch]] of 1923, mobilising students, cadets and officer candidates of the ''[[Reichswehr]]''
After [[World War II]] he operated an export-import company near [[Frankfurt]] and wrote his memoirs in 1950.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In his last years he took a prominent part in organising the [[Bayreuth]] festivals of [[Richard Wagner]]'s music.▼
▲Historian [[Robert G. L. Waite]] described
==Notes==▼
{{Reflist|2}}▼
▲After [[World War II]]
==Bibliography==▼
*Applegate, Celia and Potter, Pamela Maxine (eds), [Music and German National Identity ''Music and German National Identity''], 2002, University of Chicago Press.▼
==References==
*Dornberg, John. ''The Putsch That Failed, Hitler's Rehearsal for Power''. Weidenfels & Nicholson, 1982.▼
▲*Applegate, Celia and Potter, Pamela Maxine (eds)
▲*Dornberg, John
*Friedrich, Thomas (2013) ''Hitler's Berlin: Abused City'' Spencer, Stewart (trans). Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-16670-5}}.
*Jones, Nigel and [[Michael Burleigh|Burleigh, Michael
*Roßbach, Gerhard
{{Authority control}}
▲*Jones, Nigel and Burleigh, Michael. [http://books.google.com/books?id=jd1dOlcqb-wC ''A Brief History of the Birth of the Nazis, How the Freikorps blazed a trail for Hitler'']. Constable & Robinson Ltd., 1987, 2004.
▲*Roßbach, Gerhard. ''Mein Weg durch die Zeit: Erinnerungen unt Bekenntnisse (My Way Across The Era: Recollections And Confessions)''. Vereinigte Weiburger Buchdruckverein, Weiburg an der Lahn, 1950.
▲*Snyder, Louis. ''Encyclopaedia of the Third Reich''. Wordsworth Editions Ltd., 1998.
▲*Waite, Robert G L. ''Vanguard of Nazism''. W. W. Norton and Company, 1969.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rossbach, Gerhard}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:
[[Category:German Völkisch Freedom Party politicians]]
[[Category:
[[Category:LGBT people in the Nazi Party]]
[[Category:German gay politicians]]
[[Category:Nazis who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch]]
[[Category:
[[Category:People from the Province of Pomerania]]
▲[[Category:German military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Prussian Army personnel]]
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