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After a decade of [[left-wing]] governments, they suffered their first major electoral losses. In [[Argentina]], [[Mauricio Macri]] ([[liberal-conservative]], [[Centre-right politics|center-right]]) succeeded [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]] ([[Peronist]]) in 2015. In [[Brazil]], the [[impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]], a [[socialist]], resulted in her departure and the rise of Vice President [[Michel Temer]] to power in 2016, and later in 2018 to that of [[far-right]] congressman [[Jair Bolsonaro]], who became [[President of Brazil]]. The researcher on Latin America Mariana Llanos, however, considers it incorrect to "lump Macri, Pinera and Bolsonaro together."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ospina|first1=Jose|title=Is there a right-wing surge in South America?|url=https://www.dw.com/en/is-there-a-right-wing-surge-in-south-america/a-45874897|access-date=10 December 2018|agency=DW|date=28 October 2018}}</ref> In [[Peru]], the [[conservative]] economist [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]] succeeded [[Ollanta Humala]], a socialist and [[left-wing nationalist]] who is considered to have shifted towards [[neoliberal]] policies and the [[political centre]] during his presidency. In [[Chile]], the conservative [[Sebastián Piñera]] succeeded [[Michelle Bachelet]], a [[social democrat]], in 2018 in the same transition that occurred in 2010. In [[Bolivia]], the conservative [[Jeanine Áñez]] succeeded [[Evo Morales]] amid the [[2019 Bolivian political crisis]]. In Ecuador, the [[centre-right]] conservative banker [[Guillermo Lasso]] succeeded the deeply unpopular [[Lenín Moreno]], a former leftist who shifted rightward and distanced himself from his predecessor, [[Rafael Correa]]; in doing so, Lasso became the first right-wing [[President of Ecuador]] in 14 years.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 May 2021|title=Lasso inaugurated as first right-wing Ecuador president in 14 years|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210524-lasso-inaugurated-as-first-right-wing-ecuador-president-in-14-years|access-date=25 August 2021|website=[[France 24]]}}</ref>
In the late 2010s and early 2020s, the conservative wave began to decline following left-wing victories,<ref name="new pink">{{cite news|last1=Araujo|first1=Gabriel|last2=Vargas|first2=Carlos|last3=Woodford|first3=Isabel|date=22 June 2022|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/latin-americas-new-pink-tide-gains-pace-colombia-shifts-left-brazil-up-next-2022-06-22/|title=Latin America's new 'pink tide' gains pace as Colombia shifts left; Brazil up next|publisher=Reuters|access-date=23 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Garavito|first1=Tatiana|last2=Thanki|first2=Nathan|date=23 June 2022|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/6/23/colombias-shift-to-the-left-a-new-pink-tide-in-latin-america|title=Colombia's shift to the left: A new 'pink tide' in Latin America?|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref> starting with the [[2018 Mexican general election]] and the [[2020 Bolivian general election]], and later the [[2021 Peruvian general election]], [[2021 Chilean presidential election]], [[2021 Honduran general election]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aquino |first=Marco |date=2021-06-21 |title=Another pink tide? Latin America's left galvanized by rising star in Peru |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/another-pink-tide-latin-americas-left-galvanized-by-rising-star-peru-2021-06-21/ |access-date=2021-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Arsenault |first=Chris |date=2021-12-14 |title=How left-wing forces are regaining ground in Latin America |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/how-left-wing-forces-are-regaining-ground-in-latin-america |access-date=2021-12-21 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> the [[2022 Colombian presidential election]], which resulted in the first left-wing president in the country's history,<ref>{{cite news |date=19 June 2022 |title=Leftist Gustavo Petro wins Colombian presidency |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/33d30a93-0f48-41ee-9847-4503c79ca7d9 |access-date=19 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=20 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620074307/https://www.ft.com/content/33d30a93-0f48-41ee-9847-4503c79ca7d9 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bocanegra |first1=Nelson |last2=Griffin |first2=Oliver |last3=Vargas |first3=Carlos |date=19 June 2022 |title=Colombia elects former guerrilla Petro as first leftist president |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombians-head-polls-tightest-election-recent-memory-2022-06-19/ |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620074307/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombians-head-polls-tightest-election-recent-memory-2022-06-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[2022 Brazilian general election]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Grattan |first=Steven |date=31 October 2022 |title=Latin America's 'pink tide' leaders congratulate Brazil's Lula on election win |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/latin-americas-pink-tide-leaders-congratulate-brazils-lula-election-win-2022-10-31/ |access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref> in which former leftist president [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], who had his political rights restored, defeated Bolsonaro.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rocha |first=Camilo |date=30 October 2022 |title=Lula da Silva will return to Brazil's presidency in stunning comeback |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/30/americas/brazil-election-lula-da-silva-wins-intl/index.html |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2022|title=Lula's leftist triumph: Is this Latin America's second 'pink tide'?|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221031-lula-s-leftist-triumph-is-this-latin-america-s-second-pink-tide|access-date=31 October 2022|website=France 24|publisher=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> However, the right-wing was able to rebound with some victories in late 2023 and early 2024 such as [[Right-libertarianism|right-wing libertarian]] [[Javier Milei]] winning the [[2023 Argentine general election|2023 Argentine presidential election]], defeating [[Peronism|Peronist]] [[Sergio Massa]] as well as centre-right banana tycoon [[Daniel Noboa]] defeating leftist [[Luisa González]] in [[2023 Ecuadorian general election | Ecuador]] and also right-wing politician [[José Raúl Mulino]] defeating the incumbent center-left vice president [[José Gabriel Carrizo]] in the [[2024 Panamanian general election]].<ref name="PanamaElection">{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/america/2024-05-06/jose-raul-mulino-gana-las-elecciones-en-panama-impulsado-por-el-expresidente-martinelli-condenado-por-corrupcion.html|work=[[EL PAÍS]]|date=5 May 2024|access-date=6 May 2024|language=es|title=José Raúl Mulino gana las elecciones en Panamá impulsado por el expresidente Martinelli, condenado por corrupción}}</ref><ref name="Arg Election">{{Cite web |title=Argentina elections: Political outsider Javier Milei wins presidency|website=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2023/11/19/Argentina-election-results/7111700432487/|date=November 19, 2023 |access-date=November 19, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Voters remember Trump's economy as being better than Biden's. Here's what the data shows.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/15/world/americas/ecuador-election-president.html |work=New York Times |date=October 15, 2023|author1=José María León Cabrera|author2=Thalíe Ponce}}</ref>
== By country ==
=== Argentina ===
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In [[Ecuador]], the policies and legacy of left-wing former President [[Rafael Correa]] is controversial. His successor, [[Lenín Moreno]], was elected in the [[2017 Ecuadorian general election]] defeating conservative banker [[Guillermo Lasso]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/guillermo-lasso-ecuador-election-170403214814759.html|title=Guillermo Lasso refuses to concede in Ecuador election|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> a recount was needed amid allegations of fraud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/03/americas/ecuador-national-elections/index.html|title=Ruling party candidate claims win in Ecuadorian vote, rival vows challenge|author=Euan McKirdy and Rafael Romo|website=CNN|date=3 April 2017 |access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zapata |first1=Belen |title=Ángel Polibio Córdova: En el exit poll de las elecciones de 2017 Cedatos no se equivocó |url=https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/politica/angel-polibio-cordova-en-el-exit-poll-de-las-elecciones-de-2017-cedatos-no-se-equivoco-nota/ |access-date=7 June 2021 |publisher=El Universo |date=18 April 2021 |language=Spanish}}</ref> The presidency of Moreno was also seen as controversial due to his shift to the centre and [[neoliberal]] policies, overseeing controversial [[austerity]] measures in petroleum which sparked the [[2019 Ecuadorian protests]] and his mishandling of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/desgaste-institucional-ocaso-funciones-100942.html|title=Desgaste institucional en el ocaso de las funciones|website=www.expreso.ec|access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>
In the [[2021 Ecuadorian general election]], Lasso announced his third presidential campaign and eventually advanced to the run-off by a narrow second-place finish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/latin-america/eftist-arauz-conservative-lasso-advance-to-ecuador-presidential-run-off.phtml|title=Leftist Arauz, conservative Lasso advance to Ecuador presidential run-off|publisher=Buenos Aires Times|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> The election was noted as it saw Lasso, a conservative banker against [[socialism|socialist]] economist and Correa ally [[Andrés Arauz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/andres-arauz-correa-proxy-or-new-leadership-for-ecuador/|title=Who Is Andrés Arauz, Rafael Correa's Pick to Lead Ecuador?|date=26 October 2020|publisher=Americas Quarterly|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> Arauz was seen as the front-runner for the run-off election with him leading in several polls two weeks prior to the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/02/andres-arauz-ecuador-elections|title=Ecuador's Likely Next President, Andrés Arauz, Talks to Jacobin|publisher=Jacobin Magazine|date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grupolaprovincia.com/internacionales/segun-14-de-17-sondeos-arauz-vencera-a-lasso-en-el-balotaje-del-proximo-domingo-en-ecuador-692359|title=According to 14 of 17 polls, Arauz will beat Lasso in the ballot next Sunday in Ecuador|date=7 April 2021 |publisher=Grupo La Provincia|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> In the April run-off, Lasso managed to defeat Arauz in what some media called an [[upset victory]] after winning 52.4% of the vote, while Arauz won 47.6% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ecuadors-guillermo-lasso-wins-presidential-election-11618195085|title=Ecuador's Guillermo Lasso Wins Presidential Election|work=The Wall Street Journal|first=Ryan|last=Dube|date=11 April 2021|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/public-health-rafael-correa-health-south-america-coronavirus-pandemic-fb947b78c70ac225c0982a76d44063f3|title=Ecuador goes with conservative banker in presidential vote|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=11 April 2021}}</ref>
During the [[2023 Ecuadorian general election|2023 general election]] that took place to replace Lasso as president, businessman and former National Assembly member [[Daniel Noboa]] was elected to the presidency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f4c3f997-2c4c-44f3-b656-57af3a5ac308|title=Ecuador elects centre-right business heir Daniel Noboa as president|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=16 October 2023}}</ref> His political ideology has been described as both [[centrism|centrist]] and [[centre-right]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/politica/daniel-noboa-candidato-presidencial-se-pueden-hacer-las-reformas-base-el-primer-ano-y-luego-la-persona-que-este-sentada-ahi-que-seguro-sere-yo-puede-buscar-la-reeleccion-nota/|title=Daniel Noboa, candidato presidencial: Se pueden hacer las reformas base el primer año, y luego la persona que esté sentada ahí, que seguro seré yo, puede buscar la reelección|accessdate=21 August 2023|date=8 June 2023|publisher=El Universo|language=es}}</ref>
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In [[Peru]], [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]] won the [[2016 Peruvian presidential election]], with Peru becoming yet another country that departed from a [[centre-left]] government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postwesternworld.com/2016/06/08/kuczynski-broader-political/|title=Peru: Kuczynski victory is part of a broader political shift in the region|author=Oliver Stuenkel|date=June 8, 2016|publisher=Post Western World|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> In this election, the third candidate with major support was leftist candidate [[Verónika Mendoza]] of the [[Broad Front (Peru)|Broad Front]] with 18% of votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resultadoselecciones2016.onpe.gob.pe/PRPCP2016/Resumen-GeneralPresidencial.html#posicion|title=ONPE – ELECCIONES GENERALES 2016: RESULTADOS PRESIDENCIALES|access-date=21 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610123549/https://resultadoselecciones2016.onpe.gob.pe/PRPCP2016/Resumen-GeneralPresidencial.html#posicion|archive-date=2016-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following corruption investigations surrounding Odebrecht, the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru]] demanded Kuczynski to defend himself in a session, with [[Marcelo Odebrecht]] stating that Kuczynski's involvement with the company was legal compared to the illegalities performed by his leftist predecessor.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/12/17/world/politics-diplomacy-world/perus-congress-prepares-oust-president-kuczynski/|title=Peru's Congress prepares to oust President Kuczynski|date=2017-12-17|work=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=2017-12-18|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763|ref=JPtimePER|archive-date=2017-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217102214/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/12/17/world/politics-diplomacy-world/perus-congress-prepares-oust-president-kuczynski/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Due to the corruption scandal, the [[first impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]] was started,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42374771|title=Peru Odebrecht scandal: President Kuczynski faces impeachment|date=15 December 2017|agency=BBC}}</ref> but voted against by a slight margin in Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/lawmakers-who-helped-peru-president-survive-impeachment-bid-say-democracy-won/50000262-3474525|title=Lawmakers who helped Peru president survive impeachment bid say democracy won|website=Efe.com|access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref>
After the [[Kenjivideos scandal]] in which videos were leaked to the public showing bribery from the [[Fujimorists]] to keep Kuczynski in office, Kuczyinski resigned on his own. Kuczynski's successor, centrist [[Martin Vizcarra]], changed policies. Amid the [[2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis]], he dissolved Congress on 30 September, which angered Fujimorists. In the [[2020 Peruvian parliamentary election]], the main opposition parties [[Peruvian Aprista Party]] and [[Popular Force]] lost the majority in congress. The [[removal of Martín Vizcarra]] began after accuses of corruption. Many centrists and leftists were angry, as the conservative [[Manuel Merino]] took power in his place. This led to the [[2020 Peruvian protests]], and Merino resigned from office. Centrist [[Francisco Sagasti]] succeeded him. In the days leading to the run-off of the [[2021 Peruvian presidential election]], conservative candidate [[Keiko Fujimori]] had a slight lead in the polls over socialist candidate [[Pedro Castillo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peruvians-head-polls-elect-president-divided-by-class-geography-2021-06-06/|title=Peru's Castillo says there is 'hope' as razor-thin margin keeps country on edge|work=Reuters|first1=Marco|last1=Aquino|first2=Marcelo|last2=Rochabrun|date=6 June 2021|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> On 19 July, Castillo was declared the winner in a close and highly contested election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57897402|title=Pedro Castillo declared president-elect of Peru|publisher=BBC|date=19 July 2021|access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref> However, president Castillo was [[Third impeachment and removal of Pedro Castillo|removed from office]] by
== Reception ==
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File:Javier Milei en el Salón Blanco 2 (cropped) (2).jpg|alt=ArgentinaJavier Milei 2023–present|'''{{ARG}}'''<br />[[Javier Milei]]<br /> 2023–present
File:Jeanine Áñez at the 314th Anniversary of Reyes. 6 January 2020, Ministry of Communication, Reyes. Cropped (51907629988).jpg|alt=BoliviaJeanine Áñez‡2019–2020|'''{{BOL}}'''<br />[[Jeanine Áñez]]‡<br />2019–2020
File:Jair Bolsonaro 2022 (cropped).jpg|'''{{BRA}}'''<br />[[Jair Bolsonaro]]<br />2019–2022|alt=BrazilJair Bolsonaro2019–2022
File:Presidente Piñera 2018 crop.jpg|'''{{CHI}}'''<br>[[Sebastián Piñera]]<br/>2010–2014<br/>2018–2022|alt=ChileSebastián Piñera2010–20142018–2022
File:Presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez.jpg|alt=ColombiaAlvaro Uribe 2002–2010|'''{{COL}}'''<br />[[Alvaro Uribe]]<br /> 2002–2010
File:Juan Manuel Santos in 2018.jpg|alt=ColombiaJuan Manuel Santos 2010–2018|'''{{COL}}'''<br />[[Juan Manuel Santos]]<br /> 2010–2018
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File:Presidente Rodrigo Chaves Robles2 (cropped).jpeg|alt=Costa RicaRodrigo Chaves Robles2022–present|'''{{CRI}}'''<br />[[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]]<br />2022–present
File:Guillermo Lasso inauguration (6) (cropped).jpg|alt=EcuadorGuillermo Lasso 2021–2023|'''{{ECU}}'''<br />[[Guillermo Lasso]]<br /> 2021–2023
File:
File:Presidente Bukele (cropped).jpg|alt=El SalvadorNayib Bukele 2019–present|'''{{SLV}}'''<br />[[Nayib Bukele]]<br /> 2019–present
File:Foto oficial de Presidente Otto Molina Perez (cropped).jpg|alt=GuatemalaOtto Pérez Molina2012–2015|'''{{GUA}}'''<br />[[Otto Pérez Molina]]<br />2012–2015
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File:Enrique Pena Nieto.jpg|alt=MexicoEnrique Peña Nieto 2012–2018|'''{{MEX}}'''<br />[[Enrique Peña Nieto]]<br /> 2012–2018
File:Juan Carlos Varela (2014) 3x4 Cropped.jpg|alt=PanamaJuan Carlos Varela*2014–2019|'''{{PAN}}'''<br />[[Juan Carlos Varela]]*<br />2014–2019
File:José Raúl Mulino 2014.jpg|alt=PanamaJosé Raúl Mulino*2024–|'''{{PAN}}'''<br />[[José Raúl Mulino]]*<br />2024–
File:Federico Franco asumiendo la presidencia (cropped).jpg|alt=ParaguayFederico Franco2012–2013|'''{{PAR}}'''<br />[[Federico Franco]]<br />2012–2013
File:Horacio Cartes con banda.jpg|alt=ParaguayHoracio Cartes2013–2018|'''{{PAR}}'''<br />[[Horacio Cartes]]<br />2013–2018
File:Abdo Benítez con banda.jpg|alt=ParaguayMario Abdo Benítez2018–2023|'''{{PAR}}'''<br />[[Mario Abdo Benítez]]<br />2018–2023
File:Presidente Santi Peña
File:
File:Manuel Merino de Lama (cropped).jpg|alt=PeruManuel Merino2020|'''{{PER}}'''<br />[[Manuel Merino]]<br />2020
File:Foto Oficial Presidente Luis Lacalle Pou (cropped).jpg|alt=UruguayLuis Alberto Lacalle Pou2020–present|'''{{URU}}'''<br />[[Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou]]<br />2020–present
</gallery>
=== Disputed conservative wave leaders ===
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