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=== Phylogeny ===
Electric eels form a [[clade]] of strongly [[electric fish]]es within the order [[Gymnotiformes]], the South American knifefishes.<ref name="de Santana 2019"/> Electric eels are thus not closely related to the true eels ([[Anguilliformes]]).<ref>{{cite web |last=Matthews |first=Robert |title=How do electric eels generate voltage? |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/how-do-electric-eels-generate-voltage/ |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=17 September 2022}}</ref> The lineage of the ''Electrophorus'' genus is estimated to have split from its [[sister group|sister taxon]] ''[[Gymnotus]]'' sometime in the [[Cretaceous]].<ref name="Lavoué Miya Arnegard 2012"/> Most knifefishes are weakly electric, capable of active [[electrolocation]] but not of delivering shocks.{{sfn|Bullock|Bodznick|Northcutt|1983|p=37}} Their relationships, as shown in the cladogram, were analysed by sequencing their [[mitochondrial DNA]] in 2019.<ref name="Elbassiouny Schott Waddell 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Elbassiouny |first1=Ahmed A. |last2=Schott |first2=Ryan K. |last3=Waddell |first3=Joseph C. |last4=Kolmann |first4=Matthew A. |last5=Lehmberg |first5=Emma S. |last6=Van Nynatten |first6=Alexander |last7=Crampton |first7=William G. R. |last8=Chang |first8=Belinda S. W. |last9=Lovejoy |first9=Nathan R. |display-authors=3 |title=Mitochondrial genomes of the South American electric knifefishes (Order Gymnotiformes) |journal=Mitochondrial DNA Part B |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=1 January 2016 |doi=10.1080/23802359.2016.1174090 |pages=401–403 |pmid=33473497 |pmc=7799549}}</ref><ref name="Alda Tagliacollo Bernt 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Alda |first1=Fernando |last2=Tagliacollo |first2=Victor A. |last3=Bernt |first3=Maxwell J. |last4=Waltz |first4=Brandon T. |last5=Ludt |first5=William B. |last6=Faircloth |first6=Brant C. |last7=Alfaro |first7=Michael E. |last8=Albert |first8=James S. |last9=Chakrabarty |first9=Prosanta |title=Resolving Deep Nodes in an Ancient Radiation of Neotropical Fishes in the Presence of Conflicting Signals from Incomplete Lineage Sorting |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=68 |issue=4 |date=6 December 2018 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syy085 |pages=573–593 |pmid=30521024}}</ref> Actively electrolocating fish are marked with a small yellow lightning flash [[File:Farm-Fresh lightning.png|13px|alt=symbol for electrolocating fish]]. Fish able to deliver electric shocks are marked with a red lightning flash [[File:Lightning Symbol.svg|11px|alt=symbol for strongly electric fish]].<ref name="Lavoué Miya Arnegard 2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Lavoué |first1=Sébastien |last2=Miya |first2=Masaki |last3=Arnegard |first3=Matthew E. |last4=Sullivan |first4=John P. |last5=Hopkins |first5=Carl D. |last6=Nishida |first6=Mutsumi |date=14 May 2012 |editor-last=Murphy |editor-first=William J. |title=Comparable Ages for the Independent Origins of Electrogenesis in African and South American Weakly Electric Fishes |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=e36287 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0036287 |pmc=3351409 |pmid=22606250 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...736287L |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Bullock Bodznick Northcutt 1983">{{cite journal |last1=Bullock |first1=Theodore H. |author1-link=Theodore Holmes Bullock |last2=Bodznick |first2=D. A. |last3=Northcutt |first3=R. G. |date=1983 |title=The phylogenetic distribution of electroreception: Evidence for convergent evolution of a primitive vertebrate sense modality |journal=Brain Research Reviews |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=25–46 |doi=10.1016/0165-0173(83)90003-6 |pmid=6616267 |hdl=2027.42/25137 |s2cid=15603518 |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25137/1/0000573.pdf |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Lavoué Miya 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Lavoué |first1=Sébastien |last2=Miya |first2=Masaki |last3=Arnegard |first3=Matthew E. |last4=Sullivan |first4=John P. |last5=Hopkins |first5=Carl D. |last6=Nishida |first6=Mutsumi |title=Comparable Ages for the Independent Origins of Electrogenesis in African and South American Weakly Electric Fishes |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=5 |date=14 May 2012 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0036287 |page=e36287 |pmid=22606250 |pmc=3351409 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...736287L |doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{clade
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[[File:Electrophorus electricus - squelette MNHN (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright=1.7|Electric eel skeleton, with the long [[vertebral column]] at top, the row of bony [[Fish fin|rays]] below]]
Electric eels have long, stout
They have over 100 precaudal vertebrae (excluding the tail), whereas other gymnotids have up to 51 of these; there can be as many as 300 vertebrae in total.<ref name="Albert Crampton 2005">{{cite book |last1=Albert |first1=James S. |last2=Crampton |first2=William G. R. |title=Electroreception |chapter=Diversity and Phylogeny of Neotropical Electric Fishes (Gymnotiformes) |publisher=Springer |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-387-23192-1 |doi=10.1007/0-387-28275-0_13 |pages=360–409 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226533338}}</ref>
There is no clear boundary between the tail fin and the [[anal fin]], which extends much of the length of the body on the underside and has over 400 bony [[Fish fin|rays]].<ref name="de Santana 2019"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Santana |first1=C. D. |last2=Vari |first2=R. P. |last3=Wosiacki |first3=W. B. |year=2013 |title=The untold story of the caudal skeleton in the electric eel (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes: Electrophorus) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=7 |page=e68719 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0068719 |pmid=23894337 |pmc=3722192 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...868719D |doi-access=free}}</ref> Electric eels rely on the wave-like movements of their elongated anal fin to [[Fish locomotion#Gymnotiform|propel]] themselves through the water.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sfakiotakis |first1=M. |last2=Lane |first2=D. M. |last3=Davies |first3=B. C. |year=1999 |title=Review of fish swimming modes for aquatic locomotion |journal=Journal of Oceanic Engineering |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=237–252 |doi=10.1109/48.757275 |bibcode=1999IJOE...24..237S |s2cid=17226211}}</ref>
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=== Early research ===
The first written mention of the electric eel or ''{{lang|tpw|puraké}}'' ('the one that numbs' in [[Tupi language|Tupi]]) is in records by the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest Fernão Cardim in 1583.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Papavero |first1=Nelson |title=Zoonímia tupi nos escritos quinhentistas europeus |last2=Teixeira |first2=Dante Martins |date=2014 |publisher=Arquivos do NEHiLP |isbn=978-85-7506-230-2 |location=São Paulo |page=277 |language=pt |trans-title=Tupi zoonymy in 16th century European writings }}</ref>
The naturalists Bertrand Bajon, a French military surgeon in [[French Guiana]], and the
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[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Electrophoridae]]
[[Category:Fish of the Amazon basin]]▼
[[Category:Strongly electric fish]]
▲[[Category:Fish of the Amazon basin]]
[[Category:Knifefish of Brazil]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1864]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Theodore Gill]]
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