Website: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 17:13, 21 December 2022 view source Roxy the dog (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers 34,197 edits Restored revision 1128294627 by KH-1 (talk): Thank you, but please dont Tags: Twinkle Undo Reverted ← Previous edit		Revision as of 03:45, 28 June 2024 view source Thrakkx (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 37,951 edits #article-section-source-editor Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit Next edit →
(48 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown)
Line 1: {{Short description\|Set of related web pages served from a single domain}} ~~{{about\|websites in general\|the Internet domain ''.website''\|List of Internet top-level domains}}~~ {{about\|\|the Internet domain\|List of Internet top-level domains{{!}}.website\|the on-demand archiving service\|WebCite}} ~~{{distinguish\|WebCite}}~~ {{pp~~-semi~~\|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2020}} ~~{{short description\|Set of related Web pages served from a single Web domain}}~~ [[File:United States Antarctic Program website from 2018 02 22.png\|thumb\|right\|240px\|The [[United States Antarctic Program\|usap.gov]] website]] A '''website''' (also written as a '''~~Web~~web site''') is a collection of [[~~Web~~web page]]s and related content that is identified by a common [[domain name]] and published on at least one [[~~Web~~web server]]. ~~Examples~~Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news, education, commerce, entertainment, or [[social media]]. [[Hyperlink]]ing between web pages guides the navigation of ~~notable~~the site, which often starts with a [[home page]]. The [[List of most-visited websites\|most-visited]] sites are [[Google Search\|Google]], [[~~Facebook~~YouTube]], and [[~~Amazon (website)\|Amazon~~Facebook]].<!-- top 3 is enough here, and ~~[[Wikipedia]].~~the only ones in the top 10 that both rankings sources agree on (March 2024) --> All publicly -accessible websites collectively constitute the [[World Wide Web]]. There are also private websites that can only be accessed on a [[intranet\|private network]], such as a company's internal website for its employees. [[User (computing)\|Users]] can access websites on a range of devices, including [[desktop computer\|desktops]], [[laptop]]s, [[tablet computer\|tablets]], and [[smartphone]]s. The [[application software\|app]] used on these devices is called a [[web browser]]. ==Background== Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news, education, commerce, entertainment or [[social networking]]. [[Hyperlink]]ing between Web pages guides the navigation of the site, which often starts with a [[home page]]. {{further\|History of the World Wide Web}} [[File:NASA Website Homepage - April 25, 2015.png\|thumb\|295x295px\|The [[NASA\|nasa.gov]] [[home page]] in 2015]] [[User (computing)\|Users]] can access websites on a range of devices, including [[desktop computer\|desktops]], [[laptop]]s, [[tablet computer\|tablets]], and [[smartphone]]s. The [[application software\|app]] used on these devices is called a [[Web browser]]. The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by the British CERN computer scientist [[Tim Berners-Lee]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tim Berners-Lee\|url=https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Overview.html\|access-date=2021-11-17\|website=W3C \|archive-date=27 September 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927100010/https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Overview.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="First page">{{cite web \| url=http://info.cern.ch/ \| title=home of the first website \|website=info.cern.ch \| access-date=30 August 2008 \| archive-date=10 June 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610063709/http://info.cern.ch/ \| url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 April 1993, [[CERN]] announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone, contributing to the immense growth of the Web.<ref name="w3c">{{cite web \|url=http://www.w3.org/History.html \|title=A Little History of the World Wide Web \|access-date=16 February 2007 \|last=Cailliau \|first=Robert \|archive-date=6 May 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506021750/http://www.w3.org/History.html \|website=W3C \|url-status=live}}</ref> Before the introduction of the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] (HTTP), other protocols such as [[File Transfer Protocol]] and the [[gopher protocol]] were used to retrieve individual files from a server. These protocols offer a simple [[directory structure]] in which the user navigates and where they choose files to download. Documents were most often presented as plain text files without formatting or were encoded in [[word processor]] formats. ==History== While "web site" was the original spelling (sometimes capitalized "Web site", since "Web" is a proper noun when referring to the World Wide Web), this variant has become rarely used, and "website" has become the standard spelling. All major style guides, such as ''[[The Chicago Manual of Style]]''<ref>{{cite web \|title=Internet, Web, and Other Post-Watergate Concerns \|url=http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/InternetWebandOtherPost-WatergateConcerns/InternetWebandOtherPost-WatergateConcerns13.html \|access-date=18 September 2010 \|publisher=University of Chicago \|archive-date=20 February 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220163158/http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/InternetWebandOtherPost-WatergateConcerns/InternetWebandOtherPost-WatergateConcerns13.html \|url-status=dead \|website=The Chicago Manual of Style}}</ref> and the ''[[AP Stylebook]]'',<ref name="AP tweet">{{Cite tweet\|number=12296505018\|user=APStylebook\|title=Responding to reader input, we are changing Web site to website. This appears on Stylebook Online today and in the 2010 book next month.\|author=AP Stylebook\|author-link=AP Stylebook\|date=16 April 2010\|access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref> have reflected this change. ~~{{Main\|History of the World Wide Web}}~~ ~~[[File:NASA Website Homepage - April 25, 2015.png\|thumb\|295x295px\|The [[NASA\|nasa.gov]] [[home page]] in 2015]]~~ In February 2009, [[Netcraft]], an [[Website monitoring\|Internet monitoring]] company that has tracked Web growth since 1995, reported that there were 215,675,903 websites with domain names and content on them in 2009, compared to just 19,732 websites in August 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Web Server Survey \|url=http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/ \|access-date=13 March 2017 \|website=[[Netcraft]] \|language=en-US \|archive-date=20 August 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820181833/http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> After reaching 1 billion websites in September 2014, a milestone confirmed by Netcraft in its October 2014 Web Server Survey and that Internet Live Stats was the first to announce—as attested by this tweet from the inventor of the World Wide Web himself, Tim Berners-Lee—the number of websites in the world have subsequently declined, reverting to a level below 1 billion. This is due to the monthly fluctuations in the count of inactive websites. The number of websites continued growing to over 1 billion by March 2016 and has continued growing since.<ref>[http://www.internetlivestats.com/total-number-of-websites/ A total number of Websites \| Internet live stats]. {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720110402/http://www.internetlivestats.com/total-number-of-websites/ \|date=20 July 2017}}. ''internetlivestats.com''. Retrieved 14 April 2015.</ref> Netcraft Web Server Survey in January 2020 reported that there are 1,295,973,827 websites and in April 2021 reported that there are 1,212,139,815 sites across 10,939,637 web-facing computers, and 264,469,666 unique domains.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Web Server Survey \|url=https://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/ \|access-date=2021-05-17 \|website=Netcraft News \|language=en-gb \|archive-date=24 July 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724033250/https://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> An estimated 85 percent of all websites are inactive.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Deon \|date=2020-05-26 \|title=How Many Websites Are There Around the World? [2021] \|url=https://siteefy.com/how-many-websites-are-there/ \|access-date=2021-05-17 \|website=Siteefy \|language=en-US \|archive-date=17 May 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517211328/https://siteefy.com/how-many-websites-are-there/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[World Wide Web]] (WWW) was created in 1989 by the British CERN computer scientist [[Tim Berners-Lee]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tim Berners-Lee\|url=https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Overview.html\|access-date=2021-11-17\|website=www.w3.org}}</ref><ref name="First page">{{cite web \| url=http://info.cern.ch/ \|title=The website of the world's first-ever web server \|access-date=30 August 2008}}</ref> On 30 April 1993, [[CERN]] announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone, contributing to the immense growth of the Web.<ref name="w3c">{{cite web\|url=http://www.w3.org/History.html \|title=A Little History of the World Wide Web \|access-date=16 February 2007 \|last=Cailliau \|first=Robert }}</ref> Before the introduction of the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] (HTTP), other protocols such as [[File Transfer Protocol]] and the [[gopher protocol]] were used to retrieve individual files from a server. These protocols offer a simple [[directory structure]] in which the user navigates and where they choose files to download. Documents were most often presented as plain text files without formatting or were encoded in [[word processor]] formats. ~~==Overview==~~ Websites can be used in various fashions: a personal website, a corporate website for a company, a government website, an organization website, etc. Websites can be the work of an individual, a business or other organization, and are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose. Any website can contain a [[hyperlink]] to any other website, so the distinction between individual sites, as perceived by the user, can be blurred. Some websites require user registration or [[subscription]] to access the content. Examples of [[paywall\|subscription websites]] include many business sites, news websites, [[academic journal]] websites, gaming websites, file-sharing websites, [[Internet forum\|message boards]], Web-based [[email]], [[social networking]] websites, websites providing real-time [[stock market]] data, as well as sites providing various other services. While "web site" was the original spelling (sometimes capitalized "Web site", since "Web" is a proper noun when referring to the [[World Wide Web]]), this variant has become rarely used, and "website" has become the standard spelling. All major style guides, such as ''[[The Chicago Manual of Style]]''<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/InternetWebandOtherPost-WatergateConcerns/InternetWebandOtherPost-WatergateConcerns13.html\|title=Internet, Web, and Other Post-Watergate Concerns\|publisher=University of Chicago\|access-date=18 September 2010}}</ref> and the ''[[AP Stylebook]]'',<ref name="AP tweet">{{Cite tweet\|number=12296505018\|user=APStylebook\|title=Responding to reader input, we are changing Web site to website. This appears on Stylebook Online today and in the 2010 book next month.\|date=16 April 2010\|author=AP Stylebook\|author-link=AP Stylebook\|access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref> have reflected this change. ==Static website== {{Main\|Static ~~Web~~web page}} A static website is one that has Web pages stored on the server in the format that is sent to a client Web browser. It is primarily coded in [[Hypertext Markup Language]] (HTML); [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS) are used to control appearance beyond basic HTML. Images are commonly used to create the desired appearance and as part of the main content. Audio or video might also be considered "static" content if it plays automatically or is generally non-interactive. This type of website usually displays the same information to all visitors. Similar to handing out a printed brochure to customers or clients, a static website will generally provide consistent, standard information for an extended period of time. Although the website owner may make updates periodically, it is a manual process to edit the text, photos, and other content and may require basic website design skills and software. Simple forms or marketing examples of websites, such as a ''classic website'', a ''five-page website'' or a ''brochure website'' are often static websites, because they present pre-defined, static information to the user. This may include information about a company and its products and services through text, photos, animations, audio/video, and navigation menus. Static websites may still use [[server side include]]s (SSI) as an editing convenience, such as sharing a common menu bar across many pages. As the site's behavior ''to the reader'' is still static, this is not considered a dynamic site. ==Dynamic website== {{Main\|Dynamic web page\|Web application\|Progressive web app}} ~~[[Image:Server-side websites programming languages.PNG\|thumb\|Server-side programming language usage in 2016.]]~~ [[Image:Server-side websites programming languages.PNG\|thumb\|Server-side programming language usage in 2016]] ~~{{Main\|Dynamic Web page\|Web application\|Progressive Web application}}~~ A dynamic website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently and automatically. Server-side dynamic pages are generated "on the fly" by computer code that produces the HTML (CSS are responsible for appearance and thus, are static files). There are a wide range of software systems, such as [[Common Gateway Interface\|CGI]], [[Java Servlets]] and [[Java Server Pages]] (JSP), [[Active Server Pages]] and [[ColdFusion]] (CFML) that are available to generate [[Programming languages used in most popular websites\|dynamic Web systems and dynamic sites]]. Various [[Web application framework]]s and [[Web template system]]s are available for general-use [[programming language]]s like [[Perl]], [[PHP]], [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] and [[Ruby (programming language)\|Ruby]] to make it faster and easier to create complex dynamic websites. A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the individual user. For example, when the front page of a news site is requested, the code running on the webserver might combine stored HTML fragments with news stories retrieved from a [[database]] or another website via [[RSS]] to produce a page that includes the latest information. Dynamic sites can be interactive by using [[HTML forms]], storing and reading back [[browser cookies]], or by creating a series of pages that reflect the previous history of clicks. Another example of dynamic content is when a retail website with a database of media products allows a user to input a search request, e.g. for the keyword [[Beatles]]. In response, the content of the Web page will spontaneously change the way it looked before, and will then display a list of Beatles products like CDs, DVDs, and books. [[Dynamic HTML]] uses [[JavaScript]] code to instruct the Web browser how to interactively modify the page contents. One way to simulate a certain type of dynamic website while avoiding the performance loss of initiating the dynamic engine on a per-user or per-connection basis is to periodically automatically regenerate a large series of static pages. A dynamic website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently and automatically. Server-side dynamic pages are generated "on the fly" by computer code that produces the HTML (CSS are responsible for appearance and thus, are static files). There are a wide range of software systems, such as [[Common Gateway Interface\|CGI]], [[Java Servlets]] and [[Java Server Pages]] (JSP), [[Active Server Pages]] and [[ColdFusion]] (CFML) that are available to generate [[Programming languages used in most popular websites\|dynamic Web systems and dynamic sites]]. Various [[Web application framework]]s and [[Web template system]]s are available for general-use [[programming language]]s like [[Perl]], [[PHP]], [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] and [[Ruby (programming language)\|Ruby]] to make it faster and easier to create complex dynamic websites. A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the individual user. For example, when the front page of a news site is requested, the code running on the webserver might combine stored HTML fragments with news stories retrieved from a [[database]] or another website via [[RSS]] to produce a page that includes the latest information. Dynamic sites can be interactive by using [[HTML forms]], storing and reading back [[browser cookies]], or by creating a series of pages that reflect the previous history of clicks. Another example of dynamic content is when a retail website with a database of media products allows a user to input a search request, e.g. for the keyword [[Beatles]]. In response, the content of the Web page will spontaneously change the way it looked before, and will then display a list of Beatles products like CDs, DVDs, and books. [[Dynamic HTML]] uses [[JavaScript]] code to instruct the Web browser how to interactively modify the page contents. One way to simulate a certain type of dynamic website while avoiding the performance loss of initiating the dynamic engine on a per-user or per-connection basis is to periodically automatically regenerate a large series of static pages. ==Multimedia and interactive content== Early websites had only text, and soon after, images. Web browser [[Plug-in (computing)\|plug-in]]s were then used to add audio, video, and interactivity (such as for a [[rich Web application]] that mirrors the complexity of a desktop application like a [[word processor]]). Examples of such plug-ins are [[Microsoft Silverlight]], [[Adobe Flash Player]], [[Adobe Shockwave Player]], and [[Java SE]]. [[HTML 5]] includes provisions for audio and video without plugins. [[JavaScript]] is also built into most modern web browsers, and allows for website creators to send code to the web browser that instructs it how to interactively modify page content and communicate with the web server if needed. The browser's internal representation of the content is known as the [[Document Object Model]] (DOM). [[WebGL]] (Web Graphics Library) is a modern JavaScript API for rendering interactive 3D graphics without the use of plug-ins. It allows interactive content such as 3D animations, visualizations and video explainers to presented users in the most intuitive way.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.khronos.org/webgl/\|title=OpenGL ES for the Web\|website=khronos.org\|date=19 July 2011\|access-date=1 April 2019\|archive-date=15 December 2009\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215025546/http://www.khronos.org/webgl/\|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2010-era trend in websites called "responsive design" has given the best viewing experience as it provides a device-based layout for users. These websites change their layout according to the device or mobile platform, thus giving a rich user experience.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/design-and-ui/responsive/\|title=Responsive Web Design Basics ~~{{!}}~~- Web\|website=Google Developers\|access-date=13 March 2017\|author=Pete LePage\|archive-date=5 March 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305050613/https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/design-and-ui/responsive/\|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Types== Websites can be divided into two broad categories—static and interactive. Interactive sites are part of the [[Web 2.0]] community of sites and allow for interactivity between the site owner and site visitors or users. Static sites serve or capture information but do not allow engagement with the audience or users directly. Some websites are informational or produced by enthusiasts or for personal use or entertainment. Many websites do aim to make money using one or more business models, including: * Posting interesting content and selling [[contextual advertising]] either through direct sales or through an advertising network. * [[E-commerce]]: products or services are purchased directly through the website * Advertising products or services available at a [[~~brick~~Brick and mortar business\|brick-and-mortar business]] * [[Freemium]]: basic content is available for free, but premium content requires a payment (e.g., [[WordPress]] website, it is an open-source platform to build a blog or website.). * Some websites require user registration or [[subscription]] to access the content. Examples of [[paywall\|subscription websites]] include many business sites, news websites, [[academic journal]] websites, gaming websites, file-sharing websites, [[Internet forum\|message boards]], Web-based [[email]], [[social networking]] websites, websites providing real-time [[stock market]] data, as well as sites providing various other services. ~~There are many varieties of websites, each specializing in a particular type of content or use, and they may be arbitrarily classified in any number of ways. A few such classifications might include:~~ ~~{\|class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 89%"~~ \|- ~~! colspan="3"\| Click "show" or "hide" to toggle this table~~ \|- ~~!Type of Website~~ ~~!Description~~ ~~!Examples~~ \|- ~~\|[[Affiliate network]]~~ ~~\|A site, typically few in pages, whose purpose is to sell a third party's product. The seller receives a commission for facilitating the sale.~~ \| \|- ~~\|Affiliate agency~~ \|Enabled [[Web portal\|portal]] that renders not only its custom [[Content management system\|CMS]] but also syndicated content from other content providers for an agreed fee. There are usually three relationship tiers (see [[Affiliate marketing\|Affiliate Agencies]]). ~~\|[[Commission Junction]], [[advertisers]] like [[eBay]], or a consumer like [[Yahoo!]].~~ \|- ~~\|[[Archive site]]~~ \|Used to preserve valuable electronic content threatened with extinction. Two examples are: [[Internet Archive]], which since 1996 has preserved billions of old (and new) web pages; and [[Google Groups]], which in early 2005 was archiving over 845,000,000 messages posted to [[Usenet]] news/discussion groups. ~~\|[[Internet Archive]], [[Google Groups]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Malware]] website~~ \|A site created specifically to attack visitors' computers on their first visit to a website by downloading a file (usually a [[Trojan horse (computing)\|trojan horse]]). These websites rely on unsuspecting users with poor anti-virus protection in their computers. \| \|- ~~\|[[Blog]] (weblog)~~ \|Sites generally used to post online diaries which may include discussion forums. Many bloggers use blogs like an editorial section of a newspaper to express their ideas on anything ranging from politics to religion to video games to parenting, along with anything in between. Some bloggers are professional bloggers and they are paid to blog about a certain subject, and they are usually found on news sites. ~~\| [[WordPress]]~~ \|- ~~\|{{anchor\|brand building site}}Brand-building site~~ \|A site with the purpose of creating an experience of a brand online. These sites usually do not sell anything, but focus on building the brand. Brand building sites are most common for low-value, high-volume [[fast-moving consumer goods]] (FMCG). \| \|- ~~\|[[Celebrity\|Celebrity website]]~~ \|A website the information in which revolves around a [[celebrity]] or public figure. These sites can be official (endorsed by the celebrity) or fan-made (run by a fan or fans of the celebrity without implicit endorsement). ~~\|[[Jim Carrey\|jimcarrey.com]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Comparison shopping website]]~~ ~~\|A website providing a [[vertical search engine]] that shoppers use to filter and compare products based on price, features, reviews, and other criteria.~~ ~~\|[[Shopping.com]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Crowdfunding]] website~~ ~~\|Platform to fund projects by the pre-purchase of products or by asking audience members to make a donation.~~ ~~\|[[Kickstarter]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Click-to-donate site]]~~ \|A website that allows the visitor to donate to charity simply by clicking on a button or answering a question correctly. An advertiser usually donates to the charity for each correct answer generated. ~~\|[[The Hunger Site]], [[Freerice]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Content (media)\|Content]] site~~ ~~\|A site the business of which is the creation and distribution of original content~~ ~~\|[[wikiHow\|wikiHow.com]], [[About.com]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Classified ads]] site~~ ~~\|A site publishing [[classified advertisement]]s~~ ~~\|[[gumtree.com]], [[Craigslist]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Corporate website]]~~ ~~\|Used to provide background information about a business, organization, or service.~~ \| \|- ~~\|[[Online dating service]]~~ \|A site where users can find other single people looking for long-term relationships, dating, short encounters, or friendship. Many of them are pay per services, but there are many free or partially free dating sites. Most dating sites in the 2010s have the functionality of [[social networking]] websites. ~~\|[[eHarmony]], [[Match.com]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[E-commerce]] website~~ ~~\|A site offering goods and services for [[Online shopping\|online sale]] and enabling online transactions for such sales.~~ ~~\|[[Amazon.com]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Fake news website]]~~ ~~\|A site publishing fake news stories, intending to deceive visitors, and profit from advertising.~~ ~~\|BFNN, [[The Daily Stormer]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Internet forum]]~~ ~~\|A site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages.~~ ~~\| [[SkyscraperCity]], [[4chan]]~~ \|- ~~\|{{anchor\|gallery site}}[[wikt:gallery\|Gallery website]]~~ ~~\|A website designed specifically for use as a gallery; these may be an art gallery or photo gallery and of commercial or non-commercial nature.~~ \| \|- ~~\|{{anchor\|government site}}[[Government]] website~~ ~~\|A website made by the local, state, department, or national government of a country. Usually, these sites also operate websites that are intended to inform tourists or support tourism.~~ ~~\|[[USA.gov]], [[Naenara]], [[Gov.uk\|GOV.UK]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Gripe site]]~~ ~~\|A site devoted to the criticism of a person, place, corporation, government, or institution.~~ \| \|- ~~\|[[Online game]] website~~ ~~\|Websites where users can play online games~~ ~~\|[[Browser game]]s, [[OGame]], [[Travian]],~~ \|- ~~\|[[Online gambling]] website~~ ~~\|A site that lets users play [[online game]]s such as [[gambling]].~~ \| \|- ~~\|[[Humor site]]~~ ~~\|Satirizes, parodies, or amuses the audience.~~ ~~\|[[The Onion]], [[National Lampoon (magazine)\|National Lampoon digital archive]], [[Encyclopedia Dramatica]]~~ \|- ~~\|{{anchor\|information site}}Information site~~ ~~\|Most websites fit in this category to some extent. They do not necessarily have commercial purposes.~~ ~~\|Most government, educational and nonprofit institutions have an informational site.~~ \|- ~~\|{{anchor\|media sharing site}}Media-sharing site~~ ~~\|A site that enables users to upload and view media such as [[image hosting service\|pictures]], music, and [[video hosting service\|videos]]~~ ~~\|[[YouTube]], [[DeviantArt]]~~ \|- ~~\|{{anchor\|mirror site}}[[Mirror site]]~~ \|A website that is the replication of another website. This type of website is used as a response to spikes in user visitors. Mirror sites are most commonly used to provide multiple sources of the same information and are of particular value as a way of providing reliable access to large downloads. \| \|- ~~\|[[Microblog]] website~~ ~~\|A short and simple form of blogging. Microblogs are limited to certain numbers of characters and work similarly to a status update on [[Facebook]].~~ ~~\| [[Twitter]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[News site]]~~ ~~\|Similar to an information site, but dedicated to dispensing news, politics, and commentary.~~ ~~\|[[CNN\|cnn.com]]~~ ~~[[BBC News Online\|bbc.com/news]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Personal website]]~~ \|Websites about an individual or a small group (such as a family) that contains information or any content that the individual wishes to include. Such a personal website is different from a ''celebrity website'', which can be very expensive and run by a [[publicist]] or agency. \| \|- ~~\|[[Phishing]] website~~ \|A website created to fraudulently acquire [[Information sensitivity\|sensitive information]], such as passwords and [[credit card]] details, by masquerading as a trustworthy person or business (such as [[Social Security Administration]], [[PayPal]], a bank) in an [[Telecommunication\|electronic communication]] (see [[Phishing]]). \| \|- ~~\|[[Photo sharing]] website~~ ~~\|A website created to share digital photos with the online community. (see [[Photo sharing]]).~~ ~~\|[[Flickr]], [[Instagram]], [[Imgur]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Peer-to-peer file sharing\|p2p]]/[[Torrent file\|Torrents website]]~~ ~~\|Websites that index [[torrent file]]s. This type of website is different from a [[BitTorrent (protocol)\|BitTorrent client]] which is usually a stand-alone software.~~ ~~\|[[Mininova]], [[The Pirate Bay]], [[IsoHunt]]~~ \|- ~~\|{{anchor\|political site}}Political site~~ ~~\|A site on which people may voice political views, provide political humor, campaign for elections, or provide information about a certain candidate, political party or ideology.~~ ~~\|[[Rhinoceros Party\|Rhino Party of Canada website]]~~ \|- \|- ~~\|[[List of Question and Answer Websites\|Question and Answer (Q&A) site]]~~ ~~\|A site where people can ask questions and get answers.~~ ~~\|[[Quora]], [[Yahoo! Answers]], [[Stack Exchange Network]] (including [[Stack Overflow]])~~ \|- ~~\|[[Religion and the Internet\|Religious site]]~~ ~~\|A site in which people may advertise a place of worship, or provide inspiration or seek to encourage the faith of a follower of that religion.~~ \| \|- ~~\|[[Review site]]~~ ~~\|A site on which people can post reviews for products or services.~~ ~~\|[[Yelp]], [[Rotten Tomatoes]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[School website]]~~ ~~\|a site on which teachers, students, or administrators can post information about current events at or involving their school. U.S. elementary-high school websites generally use k12 in the URL~~ \| \|- ~~\|[[Scraper site]]~~ \|a site that largely duplicates the content of another site without permission, without actually pretending to be that site, in order to capture some of that site's traffic (especially from search engines) and profit from advertising revenue or in other ways. \| \|- ~~\|[[Search engine]]~~ ~~\|A website that indexes material on the Internet or an [[intranet]] (and lately on traditional media such as books and newspapers) and provides links to information as a response to a query.~~ ~~\|[[Google Search]], [[Bing (search engine)\|Bing]], [[DuckDuckGo]], [[Ecosia]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Shock site]]~~ ~~\|Includes [[image]]s or other material that is intended to be offensive to most viewers~~ ~~\|[[Goatse.cx]], [[rotten.com]]~~ \|- ~~\|Showcase website~~ ~~\|[[Web portal]]s used by individuals and organisations to showcase things of interest or value~~ \| \|- ~~\|[[Social bookmarking]] site~~ ~~\|A site where users share other content from the Internet and rate and comment on the content.~~ ~~\|[[StumbleUpon]], [[Digg]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Social networking service]]~~ ~~\|A site where users could communicate with one another and share media, such as pictures, videos, music, blogs, etc. with other users. These may include games and [[web application]]s.~~ \|[[YouTube]], [[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], [[Pinterest]], [[LinkedIn]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/10/share-of-u-s-adults-using-social-media-including-facebook-is-mostly-unchanged-since-2018/ \|title=Social media usage in the U.S. in 2019 \| Pew Research Center \|last1=Perrin \|first1=Andrew \|last2=Anderson \|first2=Monica \|date=10 April 2019 \|website=PewResearch.Org \|publisher=Pew Research \|access-date=20 July 2019 \|quote=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190716173014/https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/FT_19.04.10_SocialMedia2019_FacebookYouTube_2.png graphic] Study was quoted in Forbes.}}</ref> \|- ~~\|[[Social news]]~~ \|A social news website features user-posted stories that are ranked based on popularity. Users can comment on these posts, and these comments may also be ranked. Since their emergence with the birth of web 2.0, these sites are used to link many types of information including news, humor, support, and discussion. Social news sites allegedly facilitate democratic participation on the web. ~~\|[[Reddit]], [[Digg]], [[SlashDot]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Warez]]~~ ~~\|A site designed to host or link to materials such as music, movies, and software for the user to download.~~ ~~\|[[The Pirate Bay]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Webcomic]]~~ ~~\|An online [[comic]], ranging in various styles and genres unique to the World Wide Web.~~ ~~\|''[[Penny Arcade]]'', ''[[xkcd]]'', ''[[Gunnerkrigg Court]]''~~ \|- ~~\|[[Webmail]]~~ ~~\|A site that provides a webmail service.~~ ~~\|[[Hotmail]], [[Gmail]], [[Protonmail]], [[Yahoo! Mail]]~~ \|- ~~\|[[Web portal]]~~ ~~\|A site that provides a starting point or a gateway to other resources on the Internet or an intranet.~~ ~~\|[[msn.com]], [[msnbc.com]], [[Newgrounds]], Yahoo!~~ \|- ~~\|[[Wiki]] site~~ ~~\|A site in which users collaboratively edit its content.~~ ~~\|[[Wikipedia]], [[wikiHow]], [[Wikia]]~~ \|} Some websites may be included in one or more of these categories. For example, a business website may promote the business's products, but may also host informative documents, such as [[white paper]]s. There are also numerous sub-categories to the ones listed above. For example, a [[porn]] site is a specific type of e-commerce site or business site (that is, it is trying to sell memberships for access to its site) or have social networking capabilities. A [[fansite]] may be a dedication from the owner to a particular [[celebrity]]. Websites are constrained by architectural limits (e.g., the computing power dedicated to the website). Very large websites, such as Facebook, Yahoo!, Microsoft, and Google employ many servers and [[load balancing (computing)\|load balancing]] equipment such as [[Cisco Systems\|Cisco]] Content Services [[Network switch\|Switches]] to distribute visitor loads over multiple computers at multiple locations. As of early 2011, Facebook utilized 9 data centers with approximately 63,000 servers. In February 2009, [[Netcraft]], an [[Website monitoring\|Internet monitoring]] company that has tracked Web growth since 1995, reported that there were 215,675,903 websites with domain names and content on them in 2009, compared to just 19,732 websites in August 1995.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/\|title=Web Server Survey\|website=[[Netcraft]]\|language=en-US\|access-date=13 March 2017}}</ref> After reaching 1 billion websites in September 2014, a milestone confirmed by NetCraft in its October 2014 Web Server Survey and that Internet Live Stats was the first to announce—as attested by this tweet from the inventor of the World Wide Web himself, Tim Berners-Lee—the number of websites in the world have subsequently declined, reverting to a level below 1 billion. This is due to the monthly fluctuations in the count of inactive websites. The number of websites continued growing to over 1 billion by March 2016 and has continued growing since.<ref>[http://www.internetlivestats.com/total-number-of-websites/ A total number of Websites \| Internet live stats]. internetlivestats.com. Retrieved on 14 April 2015.</ref> Netcraft Web Server Survey in January 2020 reported that there are 1,295,973,827 websites and in April 2021 reported that there are 1,212,139,815 sites across 10,939,637 web-facing computers, and 264,469,666 unique domains.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Web Server Survey\|url=https://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/\|access-date=2021-05-17\|website=Netcraft News\|language=en-gb}}</ref> An estimated 85 percent of all websites are inactive.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Deon\|date=2020-05-26\|title=How Many Websites Are There Around the World? [2021]\|url=https://siteefy.com/how-many-websites-are-there/\|access-date=2021-05-17\|website=Siteefy\|language=en-US}}</ref> ~~== Users ==~~ In 2009, there were 1.73 billion users worldwide, Asia leading with 738,257,230.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Internet 2009 in numbers\|url=https://www.pingdom.com/\|access-date=2021-05-17\|website=Pingdom\|language=en}}</ref> Other internet users by region and continent include: Europe: 418,029,796 * North America: 252,908,000 * Caribbean and Latin America: 179,031,479 * Africa: 67,371,700 * Middle East: 57,425,046 * Australia and Oceania: 20,970,490 Following modernization, better access to computers, growth in smartphone technology and use, social media popularity, and cheaper access to the internet, the number of internet users worldwide increased tremendously to 3.97 in 2019. <ref>{{Cite web\|title=Number of internet users worldwide\|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/273018/number-of-internet-users-worldwide/\|access-date=2021-05-17\|website=Statista\|language=en}}</ref> This represents over 51 percent of the global population, with Asia remaining the continent with the most internet users as it accounts for 50 percent of the total number of internet users worldwide. China has the most internet users in the Asian continent, accounting for 25 percent of users in Asia. Also, China has more internet users than any other country in the world with over 934 million monthly users as at 2020. This number is more than double the number of internet users in the US which ranked third with 284 million monthly online users. India ranked second with about 687 million internet users accessing the internet either through mobile devices or computers. <ref>{{Cite web\|title=Internet audiences worldwide 2020\|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/271411/number-of-internet-users-in-selected-countries/\|access-date=2021-05-17\|website=Statista\|language=en}}</ref> One of the most popular activities online is [[Social networking service\|social networking]]. In 2020, [[Facebook]], a social networking site founded by [[Mark Zuckerberg]] recorded over 2.7 billion monthly active users. This number accounts for over half of global internet users, making Facebook the most popular online social network.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Facebook MAU worldwide 2020\|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/\|access-date=2021-05-17\|website=Statista\|language=en}}</ref> ==See also== {{Portal\|Internet\|Computer programming}} {{div col}} * [[Bulletin board system]] * [[Link rot]] * [[Lists of websites]] Line 289 ⟶ 59: * [[Web development tools]] * [[Web hosting service]] * [[Web template system]] <!-- * [[Website architecture]] --><!-- Now a red link but surely there is something equivalent ? --> * [[Website governance]] Line 306 ⟶ 76: \|others=no \|about=yes \|label=Website }} * [https://www.icann.org/ Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)] * [https://www.w3.org/ World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)]