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{{Short description|Ongoing refugee crisis caused by the
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox event
| title =
| caption = A Chadian camp for displaced people who fled violence in Darfur at the [[Chad-Sudan border]] where over 90,000 people have fled and thousands have been displaced.
| partof = the [[
| date = 15 April 2023 – present
| place = *{{flag|Sudan}}
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*[[Central Africa]]
*[[East Africa]]
| displaced = 12 million<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-31 |title=Sudan Conflict Fuels World's Largest Internal Displacement {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/01/31/sudan-conflict-fuels-worlds-largest-internal-displacement |access-date=2024-04-06 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hirons |first=Rachel |date=20 March 2024 |title=Sudan 2024 - the world's largest internal displacement crisis |url=https://www.medair.org/stories/sudan-2024-the-worlds-largest-internal-displacement-crisis/ |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=Medair}}</ref><ref>https://saharareporters.com/2024/06/12/sudan-worlds-largest-humanitarian-crisis-12-million-displaced-people-who</ref>
| subtitle =
}}
{{Campaignbox Sudan internal conflicts}}
An ongoing [[refugee crisis]] began in Africa in mid-April 2023 after the outbreak of the [[
The vast majority of these civilians entered the neighboring country of Chad with the [[United Nations]] reporting most of these people came from Darfur and Khartoum, but thousands more moved to other countries. By
==Background==
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==Refugee movements==
===Internally-displaced
The United Nations said on 23 December that the fighting in Sudan had produced 5.6 million [[internally displaced persons]].<ref name="africa7.1">{{cite web |url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/12/22/war-in-sudan-more-than-7-million-displaced-un/ |title=War in Sudan: more than 7 million displaced - UN |date=23 December 2023|website=Africanews |access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref> 1.7 million of them were reported to have from Khartoum alone.<ref name="blackout">{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title=Sudan fighting sparks communications blackout in Khartoum, disease outbreaks |language=en |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230714-khartoum-faces-communications-blackout-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudan |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> Some of them faced difficulties such as the presence of roadblocks and robberies along the roads.<ref>{{cite news |title=A three-hour trip now takes 12 hours: AJ correspondent |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=20 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420075805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Norwegian Refugee Council]] said that there were about 300 refugees from Khartoum who had fled southeast to [[El-Gadarif]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds arrive in Gadarif from capital to escape fighting |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=23 April 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423073517/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country |url-status=live }}</ref> 3,000 refugees from Khartoum fled to [[Tunaydbah]] refugee camp, which already hosts 28,000 Ethiopian refugees, in eastern Sudan, while at least 20,000 fled to [[Wad Madani]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Humanitarian workers: Scale of displacement in Sudan difficult to measure |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/26/sudan-live-news-truce-violations-worsen-civilian-suffering |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426143902/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/26/sudan-live-news-truce-violations-worsen-civilian-suffering |url-status=live }}</ref> Up to 260,000 people fled to [[White Nile State]], which borders South Sudan.<ref name="blackout"/> Up to 37,000 people were thought to have been displaced across Nyala, the capital of South Darfur.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sudan fighting prompts 'chaotic' wave of displacement|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on|access-date=28 April 2023|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|date=28 April 2023|archive-date=28 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428182214/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on|url-status=live}}</ref> The IOM said that all of Sudan's 18 states experienced displacement, with most refugees coming from Khartoum, which accounted for about 69 percent of the total number of displaced people,<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan conflict displaces more than 5 million people: OCHA |url=https://sudantribune.com/article276994/ |access-date=8 September 2023 |agency=Sudan Tribune |date=7 September 2023}}</ref> followed by [[West Darfur]] with more than 17 percent.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan's raging war forces more than two million from their homes|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes |access-date=19 June 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=14 June 2023 }}</ref>
More than 32,000 people were internally displaced when fighting between the SAF and the rebel [[SPLM-N]] (al-Hilu faction) broke out in [[Blue Nile State]] in June,<ref name="victory"/> while 83,000 were displaced in South Kordofan.<ref>{{cite news |title=South
===Countries===
====Chad====
▲[[File:Screengrab of refugee camp from Number of Refugees Who Fled Sudan for Chad Double in Week.jpg|thumb|Sudanese refugees in Chad]]
On 15 April, [[Chad]] reported thousands of refugees coming past the now closed border between the nation and Sudan. Over the following days the UN reported a massive influx of refugees crossing mainly from Darfur amounting to 20,000 people by 19 April,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramadane |first=Mahamat |date=2023-04-22 |title=UN agency in Chad expects more Sudan refugees |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/un-agency-chad-expects-more-refugees-fleeing-sudan-2023-04-22/ |access-date=2023-04-25 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423210327/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/un-agency-chad-expects-more-refugees-fleeing-sudan-2023-04-22/ |url-status=live }}</ref> more than 90,000 by late May,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sy |first1=Lalla |last2=Hujale |first2=Moulid |title=Sudanese refugees fleeing violence flock to Chad |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/sudanese-refugees-fleeing-violence-flock-chad |access-date=11 June 2023 |work=unhcr.org |agency=UNHCR |date=24 May 2023 |location=Chad}}</ref><ref name="little">{{Cite news |date=2023-05-05|title=Sudan's neighbours have little to offer refugees, warns UN |language=en |work=The Guardian|first=Lizzy|last=Davies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/05/sudans-neighbours-warn-they-have-little-to-offer-refugees |access-date=2023-05-09}}</ref> 115,000 by June,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nashed|first=Mat |date=2023-06-17 |title=Fears of ethnic cleansing mount in Sudan's West Darfur |language=en |work=Aljazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/6/17/ethnic-cleansing-in-west-darfur|access-date=2023-06-19}}</ref> and 239,000 by July.<ref name="2mf24">{{cite web|title=War in Sudan has displaced over three million people, says UN|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee|website=France 24|date=12 July 2023|access-date=13 July 2023}}</ref> The UN announced later on that the refugees lacked basic needs such as food and shelter. Reports also suggested that the majority of them were women and children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Presse |first=AFP-Agence France |title=UN Says Up To 20,000 Have Fled Sudan Fighting For Chad |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/un-says-10-000-20-000-have-fled-sudan-fighting-for-chad-a72037b2 |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=www.barrons.com |language=en-US |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425003249/https://www.barrons.com/news/un-says-10-000-20-000-have-fled-sudan-fighting-for-chad-a72037b2 |url-status=live }}</ref> More than 160,000 of them were members of the [[Masalit people|Masalit]] ethnic group who were fleeing ethnically-based attacks by the RSF and allied militias.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan crisis: From Ruto to Sisi, leaders vie to drive peace process |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66169535 |access-date=13 July 2023 |work=[[BBC]]|first=Alex|last=de Waal |language=en |date=13 July 2023 }}</ref> By August, the number of refugees had reached over 414,000, making it the single largest host country for refugees from the conflict.<ref name="33st"/>
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====Other countries====
More than 75,000 people fled to Ethiopia,<ref name="33st"/> including 1,400 Turkish nationals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands fleeing Sudan arrive in Ethiopia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-65394740 |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[BBC]] |date=27 April 2023 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426224704/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-65394740 |url-status=live }}</ref> The country later started receiving up to 3,000 refugees when fighting between the SAF and the [[SPLM-N]] (al-Hilu) broke out in June,<ref name="victory">{{Cite news|date=28 June 2023|title=Sudan army claims victory over rebel fighters in Blue Nile region|language=en|work=[[Radio Dabanga]]|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-claims-victory-after-battles-with-rebel-fighters-in-blue-nile-region|access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref> while 25,000 others were stranded at the Sudanese side of the border by September.<ref>{{cite news |title=CAR grapples with Sudan refugee crisis, UN chief appeals for
==Controversy==
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Criticism was levelled at diplomatic missions operating in Sudan for their slow response in helping Sudanese visa applicants whose passports were left behind in embassies following their closure during evacuation efforts, preventing them from leaving the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudanese stuck as passports locked in abandoned Western embassies |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/29/sudanese-stuck-as-passports-locked-in-abandoned-western-embassies |access-date=30 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=29 April 2023 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429191306/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/29/sudanese-stuck-as-passports-locked-in-abandoned-western-embassies |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 7 May 2023, ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that hundreds of [[Eritrea]]n refugees had been taken away from camps near the Eritrean-Sudanese border. Several Eritrean civilians said the [[Eritrean Army]] had taken several civilians back into the country forcefully. Some of those detained were reported to be
[[Ethiopians]] who [[Ethiopian refugees in Sudan|fled to Sudan as refugees]] of the [[Tigray War]] would sometimes find themselves victimized again upon arrival, this time by [[human traffickers]]. A number of refugees had testified to being kidnapped, regularly tortured, and transported to warehouses in [[Libya]], where many would die due to poor living conditions.<ref name=":35">{{Cite news |last=Harter |first=Fred |date=15 May 2023 |title='I saw many bodies': having escaped one conflict, Tigray refugees face new terrors |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/15/i-saw-many-bodies-having-escaped-one-conflict-tigray-refugees-face-new-terrors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815083737/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/15/i-saw-many-bodies-having-escaped-one-conflict-tigray-refugees-face-new-terrors |archive-date=15 August 2023}}</ref> This situation worsened further after Sudan itself descended into violence in 2023, placing them at further risk of being kidnapped.<ref name=":35" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bociaga |first=Robert |date=23 May 2023 |title=Sudan crisis traps Ethiopians displaced by Tigray war between two conflicts |work=[[Arab News]] |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2308866/middle-east |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702122326/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2308866/middle-east |archive-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>
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{{reflist}}
{{Sudanese civil war (2023–present)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudanese refugee crisis, 2023}}
[[Category:
[[Category:April 2023 events in Sudan|Refugee crisis]]
[[Category:Sudanese refugees|2023]]
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