Wikipedia

Wolf's Head (secret society): Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
sentence correction
 
(44 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{Short description|Secret society headquarteredbased at Yale University, New Haven}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Wolf's Head Society
Line 28:
| professional_title = <!-- for professional associations -->
| headquarters = [[Yale University]]
| location = [[New Haven, Connecticut]], [[United States]]U.S.
| coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using {{Coord}} -->
| region_served = [[United States]]
Line 56:
| footnotes =
}}
'''Wolf's Head Society''' is a senior society at [[Yale University]] in [[New Haven]], [[Connecticut]], [[United States]]. The society is one of the reputed "Big Three" societies at Yale, along with [[Skull and Bones]] and [[Scroll and Key]].<ref>{{Cite Power Broker}}</ref> Active undergaduate membership is elected annually with sixteen Yale University students, typically rising seniors. Honorary members have been elected.▼
The current delegation spends its year together answerable to an alumni association. <ref>[http://www.yaledailynews.com/blog/2013/05/02/dear-wolf's-head "Dear Wolf's Head"], Blog, ''Yale Daily News'', 02 May 2013</ref><ref>[https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2017/10/05/new-book-ignites-society-debate/], article "New book ignites society debate", Britton O'Daly, ''Yale Daily News'', 5 Oct, 2017</ref><ref>[http://features.yaledailynews.com/blog/2017/02/24/the-choice-is-yours/ "The Choice is Yours"], Blog, ''Yale Daily News'', 24 February 2017</ref> Some past members have gained prominence in athletics, business, the fine arts and literaure, higher education, journalism, and politics. ▼
 
▲'''Wolf's Head Society''' is a senior society at [[Yale University]] in [[New Haven]], [[Connecticut]], [[United States]]. The society is one of the reputed "Big Three" societies at Yale, along with [[Skull and Bones]] and [[Scroll and Key]].<ref>{{Cite Power Broker}}</ref> Active undergaduateundergraduate membership is elected annually with sixteen Yale University students, typically rising seniors. Honorary members have beenare elected.
 
▲The current delegation spends its year together answerable to an alumni association. <ref>[http://www.yaledailynews.com/blog/2013/05/02/dear-wolf's-head "Dear Wolf's Head"], Blog, ''Yale Daily News'', 02 May 2013</ref><ref>[https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2017/10/05/new-book-ignites-society-debate/], article "New book ignites society debate", Britton O'Daly, ''Yale Daily News'', 5 Oct, 2017</ref><ref>[http://features.yaledailynews.com/blog/2017/02/24/the-choice-is-yours/ "The Choice is Yours"], Blog, ''Yale Daily News'', 24 February 2017</ref> Some past members have gained prominence in athletics, business, the fine artsand andliterary literaurearts, higher education, journalism, and politics.
 
==History==
 
Fifteen rising seniors from the Yale Class of 1884, with help from members of the Yale Class of 1883 who were considered publicly possible taps for the older societies, abetted the creation of '''The Third Society'''. The society changed its name to Wolf's Head five years later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.yale.edu/mssa/YHO/timeline_text.html|title=Timeline of Selected Events in the History of Yale University |work=Resources on Yale History|publisher=Yale University Library|date=March 19, 2010|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Yale Alumni Publications, Inc.|url=http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/01_03/groups.html|title=March 2001 Tercentennial Edition - An Irrepressible Urge to Join |publisher=Yale Alumni Magazine|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref><ref name="assn">Andrews, John. ''History of the Founding of Wolf's Head'', Lancaster Press, 1934. Phelps Trust Association archives, [[Sterling Memorial Library]], Yale University.</ref>
 
The effort was aided by more than 300 [[Yale College]] alumni<ref>''Bulletin of Yale University,'' New Haven, 15 October 1932, Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1931 - 1932, pg. 32, Henry Blodget, B.A. 1875, and pg. 44, [[John Proctor Clarke]], B.A. 1878</ref><ref>Obituary Record of Yale University 1924 - 1925, Bulletin of Yale University, New Haven, Twenty-First Series, August 1, 1925, Number Twenty - Two, Abram Heaton Robertson, B.A. 1872, pg. 1316, Gardner Green, B.A. 1873, pg. 1319</ref> and a few [[Yale Law School]] faculty, in part to counter the dominance of the Skull and Bones Society in undergraduate and university affairs.<ref name="assn"/><ref>{{cite web|author=John Williams Andrews |url=https://openlibrary.org/b/OL6318007M/History_of_the_founding_of_Wolf's_Head|title=History of the founding of Wolf's Head|publisher=Open Library|date=2008-04-01|ol=6318007M |access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref>
 
The founding defeated the last attempt by the administration or the student body to abolish secret or senior societies at Yale.<ref>Richards, David Alan. Skulls and Keys, Pegasus Books, Ltd. NY, NY, 2017, pp. 284 - 327, "The Solution of Wolf's Head (1883 - 1888)" pp. 284 - 327. {{ISBN|978-1-68177-517-3}}</ref> The tradition continued of creating and sustaining a society if enough potential rising seniors thought they had been overlooked: Bones was established in 1832 after a dispute over selections for [[Phi Beta Kappa]] awards; [[Scroll and Key Society]], the second society at Yale, was established in 1841 after a dispute over elections to Bones.
Line 76 ⟶ 75:
From the mid-1840s until 1883, several societies were started, but each failed to sustain the interest of [[liberal arts]] students at Yale College, broadly known as the Academical Department.<ref>[[Alexandra Robbins|Robbins, Alexandra]]. ''Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths to Power''. [[Back Bay Books]], New York and Boston, pp. 61-62. {{ISBN|0-316-73561-2}}.</ref> Star and Dart, Sword and Crown, Tea-Kettle, Spade and Grave, and E.T.L. disbanded.<ref name="assn75">Andrews, p. 75.</ref>
 
Phi Beta Kappa was inactive at Yale from 1871 to 1884, coinciding in part with a national reorganization of the Societysociety.<ref>''Joining the Club''. p. 22.</ref> In the 1820s, [[Anti-Masonic Party|Anti-Masonic]] agitation sweeping across the United States prompted PBK to examine the role of secrecy in its proceedings. Associated with PBK's national reorganization in 1881, secrecy disappeared as a signature among all chapters, quelling rivalry with collegiate [[fraternitiesFraternities and sororities|fraternities]], clubs and societies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clubs.psu.edu/PhiBetaKappa/hist.htm|title=Phi Beta Kappa - History|website=Clubs.psu.edu|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref> Hence, secrecy was soon shelved at the Yale chapter.<ref name="conspiracyarchive.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/Tombs_and_Taps.htm |title=Tombs and Taps, An inside look at Yale's Fraternities, Sororities and Societies |publisher=Conspiracyarchive.com|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref> PBK exists today, without any secrecy, as an [[academiaAcademia|academic]] [[honor society]].
 
Beginning in the 1850s, the Yale undergraduate student body grew more diverse. The college was becoming an institution of national rather than regional importance. Students who hailed from environs beyond [[New England]] or who were not [[Congregationalist]] or [[Presbyterian]] entered the college in large numbers.<ref>Stephenson, Louise L. ''Scholarly Means to Evangelical Ends: The New Haven Scholars and the Transformation of Higher Learning in America''.[[The Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1986, p. 64; {{ISBN|0-8018-2695-0}}.</ref>
Line 84 ⟶ 83:
Dissatisfaction grew: In 1873, ''The Iconoclast'', a student paper published once, {{dts|1873|10|13}}, advocated for the abolition of the society system. It opined: "Out of every class Skull and Bones takes its men...They have obtained control of Yale. Its business is performed by them. Money paid to the college must pass into their hands, and be subject to their will....It is Yale College against Skull and Bones!! We ask all men, as a question of right, which should be allowed to live?"<ref name="assn39">Andrews, p. 39.</ref><ref>Karabel, Jerome. ''[[The Chosen (Jerome Karabel)|The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton]]''. [[Houghton Mifflin Company]], Boston and New York, 2005. p. 56. {{ISBN|978-0-618-57458-2}}.</ref> The [[Yale Daily News]] first appeared on {{dts|1878|01|28}}. A memoir of the first college daily's birth records its first year strategy to "rag" the societies.<ref>''Skulls and Keys'', p. 259</ref>
 
The Class of 1884 unanimously agreed to support anothera new revolt against the society system withby issuing a vote of no confidence to coincide with itstheir graduation. ItThere hadwas a beenwidespread understoodunderstanding that the existing society system was beyond reformirredeemable and mightlikely wellto be abolished.
 
A spirited defense of the society system appeared in the {{dts|1884|05}} issue of [[The Yale Review|''The New Englander'']], written and published by members of Scroll and Key. Several periodicals reported regularly on the situation.<ref name="assn58">Andrews, pp. 58-61.</ref>
Line 102 ⟶ 101:
 
==Point of view==
Many pioneering and subsequent members mocked as [[On Bullshit|"poppycock"]] (from the Dutch for "soft excrement")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/poppycock |title=Poppycock &#124; Definition of Poppycock by Merriam-Webster |website=Merriam-webster.com |access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref> the seemingly [[Masonic ritual and symbolism|Masonic-inspired rituals and atmosphere]] associated with Skull and Bones. The sentiment was widespread in the Yale community particularly among undergraduates. In their ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]'' prank, Wolf's Head members persuaded the thespian pirate king to display the numbers 322 (part of the emblem of Skull and Bones) below a [[Jolly Roger|skull and crossbones]] at a local [[theatre]].<ref>''Secrets of the Tomb'', pp. 3-4, 67, 84-85.</ref> In another example, [[List of Presidents of Yale University|Yale President]] A. Whitney Griswold's deprecated the rituals as "bonesy bullshit" and "[[Stover at Yale|Dink Stover]] crap" coloring undergraduate life.<ref>''The Guardians.'' p. 155.</ref>
 
Wolf's Head did maintain many traditional practices, such as the Thursday and Sunday meetings, which were common among its peers. [[Paul Moore, Jr.]], long-time Senior Fellow and successor trustee (1964 - 1990) for the [[Yale Corporation]] and long-tenured bishop in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)]], recalled the night before he first encountered combat in [[World War II]]: "I spent the evening on board ship being quizzed by [a friend from Harvard] about what went on in Wolf's Head. He could not believe I would hold back such irrelevant secrets the night before I faced possible death."<ref>Yale officers: Founding Trustees and their successors,[www.guides.library.yale.edu]</ref><ref>Moore, Paul. ''Presences: A Bishop's Life in the City''. [[Farrar, Straus, and Giroux]], New York, 1997. pp. 55-56; {{ISBN|0-374-23711-5}}.</ref>
 
==The=Original HallsTomb===
The "Oldoriginal Hall"tomb, or hall, was erected within months of the founding. The older Academical Department societies met originally for decades in rented quarters near campus. Skull and Bones opened its tomb in 1856, more than two decades after its founding.<ref>''Yale Alumni Magazine'', May/Jun 2015, "The Origins of the tomb: How Skull and Bones found a home", by David Richards</ref> Scroll and Key did likewise; it opened its tomb in 1869 more than two decades after the society's founding.▼
===Previous Tomb===
 
▲The "Old Hall" was erected within months of the founding. The older Academical Department societies met originally for decades in rented quarters near campus. Skull and Bones opened its tomb in 1856, more than two decades after its founding.<ref>''Yale Alumni Magazine'', May/Jun 2015, "The Origins of the tomb: How Skull and Bones found a home", by David Richards</ref> Scroll and Key did likewise; it opened its tomb in 1869 more than two decades after the society's founding.
[[File:Old Wolf's Head society hall built 1884 Yale College New Haven Connecticut.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Old Hall" - designed by [[McKim, Mead and White]], completed in 1884. Purchased by University in 1924.]]
*[[McKim, Mead and White]], firm of. 1884,The former ordomicile "Oldis Hall"located at 77 Prospect Street, across the street from the [[Grove Street Cemetery]], was [[Richardsonian Romanesque|a Richardsonian Romanesque]] building commissioned for the Phelps Trust Association, and designed by the architectural firm [[RichardsonianMcKim, RomanesqueMead and White]]. It Purchasedwas completed in 1884. It was purchased by the Universityuniversity in 1924, rented to [[Chi Psi]] fraternity (1924–29), Book and Bond (defunct society) (1934–35), and Vernon Hall (now [[Myth and Sword]]) (1944–54). CurrentlyIt currently houses the Yale Institution for Social and Policy Studies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/isps|title=Institution for Social and Policy Studies|website=Yale.edu|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref>
 
A building with narrow [[window]]s, the "Old Hall"domicile was noted as "the most modern and handsomest" of thesame societypurpose domicilesstructures by ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1903. The building was erected in 1884 soon after the founding members secured financing.<ref name="assn"/>
*[[Bertram Goodhue]], architect, designed "New Hall", ca. 1924; built posthumously. Goodhue was a protege of [[James Renwick Jr.]], architect of the first [[St. Anthony Hall]] chapter house in [[New York City]].<ref name="Kelley, Brooks Mather p. 374"/>▼
The building has stone wall and wrought iron fencing, and is central to the largest secret society compound on campus. The compound commands the most prominent location on campus beyond [[Harkness Tower]], the very icon of Yale,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/carillon/yamasaki.htm|title=Yale University Guild of Carillonneurs - Harkness Carillon and Guild Information|website=Yale.edu|access-date=2016-09-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001109052100/http://www.yale.edu/carillon/yamasaki.htm|archive-date=2000-11-09}}</ref> and the [[Memorial Quadrangle]].▼
 
===Current Tomb===
▲*[[Bertram Goodhue]], architect, designed the "New Hall", ca. 1924; it was built posthumously. Goodhue was a protege of [[James Renwick Jr.]], architect of the first [[St. Anthony Hall]] chapter house in [[New York City]].<ref name="Kelley, Brooks Mather p. 374"/>
▲The building has stone wall and wrought iron fencing, and is central to the largest secret society compound on campus. The compound commands the most prominent location on campus beyond [[Harkness Tower]], the very icon of Yale,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/carillon/yamasaki.htm|title=Yale University Guild of Carillonneurs - Harkness Carillon and Guild Information|website=Yale.edu|access-date=2016-09-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001109052100/http://www.yale.edu/carillon/yamasaki.htm|archive-date=2000-11-09}}</ref> and the [[Memorial Quadrangle]].
 
[[File:Yale Wolf's Head walled distance.JPG|right|thumb|240px|Goodhue's evocative Wolf's Head Society building, shown behind its high stone enclosure.]]
 
The "New Hall"domicile opened in the mid -1920s and sits fronted by York Street surrounded by the ''[[Yale Daily News]]'' [[Briton Hadden]] Memorial building, and the [[YaleDavid DramaGeffen School of Drama at Yale University]]. The original School of Drama and theatre as well as the Briton Hadden Memorial Building, bothwere gifts to Yale from Edward Harkness.<ref name="Kelley, Brooks Mather p. 374">Kelley, Brooks Mather.''Yale: A History'', Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 374. {{ISBN|0-300-01636-0}}.</ref> It is near the former homes of the Fence Club (or [[Psi Upsilon]], 224 York Street), [[Delta Kappa Epsilon|DKE]] (232 York Street) and [[Zeta Psi]] (212 York Street).
 
==Membership==
The society has been reputed to tap the gregarious "[[universityUniversity preparatory|prep school]] type".<ref name="yale56.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.yale56.org/Comment%2056/inside_eli.htm |title=Inside Eli, or How to Get On at Yale|publisher=Yale56.org|date=1955–56|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref><ref>''Secrets of the Tomb''. p. 69.</ref> Past members were associated intimately with the: [[Sam Chauncey|coeducation of Yale College]],<ref>"The Guardians". p. 64</ref> [[Edward Harkness|establishment of the Yale residential college system and the Harvard house system]],<ref>{{cite journal |author2=Yale Alumni Publications, Inc.|url=http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2008_05/old_yale.html|date=May–June 2008 |title=How the Colleges Were Born |author1=Judith Ann Schiff|journal=Yale Alumni Magazine: Old Yale |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522125640/http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2008_05/old_yale.html |archive-date=2008-05-22 |access-date=2013-10-09}}</ref> [[Alexander Smith Cochran|founding of the Elizabethan Club]],<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/11/20/104843291.pdf "Real Shakespeare Treasures For Yale"] (PDF). ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 20, 1911.</ref> and [[A. Whitney Griswold|founding of the Yale Political Union]].<ref>''The Guardians''. p. 51.</ref>

This was Yale's last all-male society;. itWomen hashave tappedbeen womentapped since the spring of 1992.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/199795/YALE-WOLFS-HEAD-ADMITS-WOMEN.html "Yale Wolf's Head Admits Women"]. ''[[Deseret News]]'', December 19, 1991.</ref>
 
Edward John Phelps, [[Diplomacy|Envoy]] to the [[Court of St. James's]], accepted the offer in 1885 to be namesake to the Wolf's Head alumni association.<ref name="assn"/> The Phelps Association, as of January 2016, holds in trust nearly seven million dollars, second among Yale societies or clubs.<ref>''Business Insider'', Jan. 5, 2016, 5:01 ET, by line Abby Jackson</ref>
 
Yale societies contrast sharply with [[Officially unrecognized Harvard College social clubs|Harvard finals clubs]] on membership criteria. Contributions to undergraduate life has been historically among the criteria for membership in Yale societies. Finals clubs overlook that quality among prospective members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1953/12/9/eleven-final-clubs-from-pig-to/|title=Eleven Final Clubs: From Pig to Bat &#124; News &#124; the Harvard Crimson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1999/3/18/yales-finest-hours-pyales-secret-societies/|title = YAleYALE's FINEST HOURS &#124; News &#124; the Harvard Crimson}}</ref>
 
==Notable members==
Line 134:
[[File:DavidBrewer.jpg|thumb|right|[[David Josiah Brewer]], Associate Justice of the Supreme Court]]
[[File:RogersClarkBallardMorton.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rogers Morton]] (1937), [[United States House of Representatives|US Representative]], 22nd [[U.S. Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], and 39th [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]]]]
[[File:CharlesEdwardIves1913.jpg|thumb|right|[[Charles Ives]] (1898), American modernist composer]]
[[File:Edward S Harkness Met.jpg|thumb|left|[[Edward Harkness]] (1896), philanthropist and major benefactor to [[Yale University|Yale]]]]
[[File:A. Conger Goodyear (Army officer, businessman, philanthropist).jpg|thumb|right|[[Anson Goodyear]] (1899), philanthropist and first president of [[Museum of Modern Art]]]]
[[File:Stephen Vincent Benét Yale College BA 1919.jpg|thumb|left|[[Stephen Vincent Benét]] (1919) Pulitzer Prize–winning American poet, short story writer, and novelist]]
*[[Malcolm Baldrige, Jr.]], former [[U.S. Secretary of Commerce]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/12540892/The-Skulls-and-Bones-Exposed|title=The Skulls and Bones Exposed|publisher=Scribd.com|date=2009-02-18|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref>
*[[Leigh Bardugo]] (1997), Israeli-AmericanIsraeli–American author<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/06/767636941/leigh-bardugo-on-ninth-house|title=Leigh Bardugo On 'Ninth House'|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-12-04}}</ref>
*[[Charles L. Bartlett (journalist)|Charles L. Bartlett]], Pulitzer Prize winning journalist
*[[Donald Beer]] (1957), Competition Rower and Olympic Champion<ref>Yale Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT, Class of 1957, pg. 47</ref>
*[[Stephen Vincent BenetBenét]] (1919), Pulitzer Prize–winning American poet, short story writer, and novelist<ref name="Yalensis84.6">{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4T9MAAAAMAAJ&q=ashbel+gulliver&pg=PA269|title=Memorabilia Yalensis|journal=The Yale Literary Magazine|volume=84|issue=6|page=269|date=June 1919|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref>
*[[Clarence Winthrop Bowen]] (1883), American author of historical essays<ref>''Skulls and Keys'', p. 302</ref>
*[[David Josiah Brewer]], Justice of the [[List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]]<ref>''Skull and Keys'', pg. 319</ref>
*Paul Butler, (1982), law professor, media commentator
*[[James Smith Bush]] (1844), Episcopal priest
*[[John Charlesworth (American football)|John Charlesworth]] (1929), American football player<ref>Yale University ''Banner'' and ''Pot Pourri'' yearbook, New Haven, CT - Class of 1929, pg.109</ref>▼
*[[William H.T. Bush]] (1950), Businessperson
*[[Thomas Charlton (rower)|Thomas Charlton]] (1956), competition rower and Olympic medalist<ref>Yale ''Pot Pourri'' and ''Banner'' yearbook, Class of 1956, pg. 43</ref> ▼
▲*[[John Charlesworth (American football)|John Charlesworth]] (1929), American football player<ref>Yale University Banner and Pot
Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT - Class of 1929, pg.109</ref>
▲*[[Thomas Charlton (rower)|Thomas Charlton]] (1956), competition rower and Olympic medalist<ref>Yale Pot Pourri and Banner yearbook, Class of 1956, pg. 43</ref>
*[[Sam Chauncey]] (1957), [[Yale University|Yale]] administrator<ref>''The Chosen'', p. 653.</ref>
*[[John Proctor Clarke]], Justice of the New York Supreme Court<ref>Bulletin of Yale University, New Haven 15 October 1932, Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1931 - 1932</ref>
Line 157 ⟶ 155:
*[[Mark Dayton]] (1978), retired Minnesota senator and governor
*[[Robert B. Fiske|Robert Fiske]] (1952), attorney and law partner<ref>Yale Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT - Yale Class of 1952, pg. 39</ref>
*Jonathan Foote (1958), American architect
*[[William Clay Ford Sr.|William Clay Ford]] (1949), businessman and heir<ref>Yale Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT - Yale Class of 1949</ref>
*[[Richard Gilder]] (1954), philanthropist and businessman<ref>Yale Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT - Class of 1954, pg. 35</ref>
*[[Paul Goldberger]] (1972), architecture critic<ref name="Lydon">[http://www.blogs.law.harvard.edu/lydon"Dem Bones, Dem Bones...and the Magic of Yale"], Harvard.edu, August 30, 2004.</ref>
*[[A. Conger Goodyear]] (1899), philanthropist and 1stfirst President of [[Museum of Modern Art]]<ref>Box/folder number, Mss. A. Conger Goodyear Papers, 1683 - 1964 (bulk 1885 - 1964), Research Library, Buffalo History Museum,</ref>
*[[A. Whitney Griswold]] (1929), 16th [[List of presidents of Yale University|President of Yale]]<ref>''Joining the Club'', p. 182.</ref>
*[[Edwin S. Grosvenor]] (1973), President and Editor-in-Chief of ''[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]]''
Line 176 ⟶ 175:
*[[Douglas MacArthur II]] (1932), American diplomat<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=douglas%20macarthur%20II,%20psi%20upsilon%20and%20wolf's%20head%20society|title=Google|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref>
*[[Wayne MacVeagh]], American politician and former [[United States Attorney General]]<ref name="Skulls and Keys, p. 319">''Skulls and Keys'', p. 319</ref>
*Felix Matos Rodriguez (1984), Chancellor, City University of New York
*[[William Matthews (poet)|William Matthews]] (1965), poet, winner of the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize
*[[Edwin Albert Merritt|Edwin Merritt]] (1884), New York Politician<ref>Andrews, John, The Founding of Wolf's Head Society, Lancaster Press, pg. 70</ref>
*[[Clark Millikan]] (1924), American academic<ref name="Caltech obituary">[http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/253/01/clark.pdf "Caltech obituary - Clark"]. Caltech.edu; accessed September 14, 2016.</ref><ref>Yale University Banner and Pou Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT, Class of 1924, pg. 89</ref>
*[[Roger Milliken]] (1937), American heir, industrialist, and businessman<ref>Six Yale Societies Elect 90 Members, New York Times, May 8, 1936</ref>
*[[Douglas Moore]] (1915), American composer and author<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/05/21/100153969.pdf "Yale's Great Oak Sees 'Tap Day' Again"], ''[[The New York Times]]''. May 21, 1915. p. 8.</ref>
*[[Paul Moore, Jr.|Paul Moore]], American bishop<ref>[[Honor Moore|Moore, Honor]].''The Bishop's Daughter, A Memoir'', First Edition, [[W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.]], New York, 2008. p. 30. {{ISBN|978-0-393-05984-7}}.</ref>
*[[Paul Moore, Sr.]] (1908), American businessman<ref>''My Harvard, My Yale'', editor, Diana DuBois, chapter "A Touch of Laughter", author, Rt. Rev. Paul Moore, Random House, New York, 1982, {{ISBN|0-394-51920-5}}</ref>
*[[John Morrison (ice hockey, born 1945)|Jack Morrison]] (1967), American ice hockey Olympic athlete<ref>Yale University Banner and Pot Pourri, Class of 1967Yearbook, New Haven, CT, 1967- Class of 1937, pg. 24467</ref>
*[[Rogers C.B.Thruston Morton]] (19371929), [[United States House of RepresentativesSenate|USU.S. RepresentativeSenator]] and Secretary<ref>Yale University Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT - Class of 19371929, pg. 67109</ref>
*[[ThrustonRogers C. B. Morton]], U.S. (1929)Representative, [[United States Senate|USSecretary Senatorof the Interior]]<ref>Yale University Banner, and Pot[[United PourriStates Yearbook, New Haven, CT - ClassSecretary of 1929, pg. 109</ref> Commerce]]
*[[Edward John Phelps]], Lawyer and diplomat<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00C15FB3E5B11738DDDAB0994DB405B808CF1D3|title=Funeral of E.J. Phelps - Ex-President Dwight of Yale Pays a Feeling Tribute to the Dead - Interment in Vermont|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date= March 11, 1900|access-date=2011-08-01}}</ref>
*[[Philip W. Pillsbury]] (1924), Chair of [[Pillsbury Company]]<ref name="Caltech obituary"/><ref>Yale University Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT, Class of 1924, pg. 89</ref>
*[[Ducky Pond]] (1925), American football and baseball player<ref>The Bridgeport Telegraph, Friday, May 16, 1924, pg. 28 and Saturday, May 17, 1924, pg. 16</ref>
*[[Geoffrey Robinson (politician)|Geoffrey Robinson]], British politician and businessperson
*[[Benno C. Schmidt, Jr.]], 20th [[List of presidents of Yale University|President of Yale]]<ref name="YaleRattle">{{cite news|url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2006/apr/18/rattling-those-dry-bones|title=Rattling Those Dry Bones|last=Cedotal|first=Andrew|date=April 18, 2006|newspaper=[[Yale Daily News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110801000000/http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2006/apr/18/rattling-those-dry-bones|archive-date=2011-08-01}}<!-- odd - page doesn't load except via archive--></ref>
*[[Kurt Schmoke]] (1971), American lawyer and politician<ref>''Skulls and Keys'', p. 657</ref>
*[[Raymond Seitz]], (1963), American ambassador to the United Kingdom
*[[Edmund Clarence Stedman]], American poet, critic, essayist, banker, and scientist<ref name="Skull and Keys, p. 319"/>
*[[Tom Steyer]] (1979), American business man and liberal political activist<ref>[http://yaleherald.com/bulldog/secret-society-2013-who-they-are-and-how-they-got-in "Secret Society 2013: Who they are, and how they got in!"], yaleherald.com, April 21, 2012; retrieved 2012-12-11.</ref>
*[[William Earl Dodge Stokes]], BusinessmanAmerican businessman and urban developer<ref>''Skulls and Keys'', p. 303</ref>
*[[Sam Wagstaff]], American art curator and collector<ref>Morrisroe, Patricia. ''[[Robert Mapplethorpe|Mapplethorpe]]: A Biography'', Random House, New York, 1995. p. 115; {{ISBN|0-786-74975-X}}.</ref>
*[[Rusty Wailes]] (1958), American rower<ref>Yale University Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, Class of 1958, New Haven, CT, pg. 61</ref>[[Arthur Williams Wright|right]], American academic and physicist<ref name="Skulls and Keys, p. 319" />
*[[Clarissa Ward]] (2002), Emmy award -winning American journalist
*George ("Frolic") Weymouth (1958), American painter and conservationist
*[[Douglas Wick]] (1976) Academy Award winning film producer▼
*[[Arthur Williams Wright]] (1859), American physicist
*[[Doug Wright]] (1985), Pulitzer Prize winning American playwright, librettist, and screenwriter<ref>[http://www.houstonclassmates.com > FamousAlumni.asp]</ref>▼
▲*[[Douglas Wick]] (1976), Academy Award -winning film producer
*[[William Wrigley III]] (1954), president of the [[Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company]]<ref>Yale University Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT, Class of 1954, pg. 35</ref>▼
▲*[[Doug Wright]] (1985), Pulitzer Prize winning American playwright, librettist, and screenwriter<ref>[http://www.houstonclassmates.com > FamousAlumni.asp]</ref>
▲*[[William Wrigley III]] (1954), president of the [[Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company]]<ref>Yale University Banner and Pot Pourri Yearbook, New Haven, CT, Class of 1954, pg. 35</ref>
 
==Notes==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf%27s_Head_(secret_society)"