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| image_caption = Mug shots of Giuseppe Zangara following his arrest
| birth_date = {{birth date|1900|9|7|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ferruzzano]], [[Calabria]],
| death_date = {{death date and age|1933|3|20|1900|9|7|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Union Correctional Institution|Florida State Prison]], [[Raiford, Florida]], U.S.
| charge =
| conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment|Death]]
| spouse =
| parents =
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}}
'''Giuseppe Zangara''' (September 7, 1900 – March 20, 1933) was an Italian immigrant and naturalized United States citizen who attempted to assassinate the [[President-elect of the United States]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], on February 15, 1933, 17 days before Roosevelt's [[First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt|inauguration]].{{sfn|Picchi|1998|pp=14–15}} During a night speech by Roosevelt in [[Miami, Florida]], Zangara fired five shots with a handgun he had purchased a couple of days before. He missed his target and instead
== Early life ==
Zangara was born on September 7, 1900, in [[Ferruzzano]], [[Calabria]], Italy. After serving with the [[
== Health issues ==
Zangara had little education and worked as a [[bricklayer]]. He suffered severe pain in his [[abdomen]], which doctors told him was chronic and incurable. In 1926 he underwent an [[appendectomy]], but it was no help; if anything, it may have made his pain worse. The doctors who performed his [[autopsy]] attributed his abdominal pain to [[adhesions]] they found on his [[gallbladder]]. In his prison memoir, Zangara himself attributed his pain to being forced to do grueling physical labor on his father's farm from an early age. He wrote that his pain began when he was six years old.{{sfn|Picchi|1998|pp=68–69}}
Observers at the time and following his execution have discussed his mental state. Arguments have been made that Zangara was [[mental illness|mentally ill]], incapable of distinguishing right from wrong, and ought to have had an [[insanity defense]] presented on his behalf while others have contended that he was sane.<ref name="chic trib picchi">{{cite news |last1=Possley |first1=Maurice |title=AN INTRIGUING LOOK AT THE MAN WHO TRIED TO KILL FDR |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-10-18-9810180020-story.html |access-date=22 October 2022 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=18 October 1998 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221022231249/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-10-18-9810180020-story.html |archive-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Shappee|1958}}
==Assassination attempt==
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On February 15, 1933, Roosevelt was giving an impromptu speech at night from the back of an open car in the [[Bayfront Park]] area of Miami, Florida, where Zangara was working the occasional odd job and living off his savings. Zangara, armed with a [[.32 S&W|.32-caliber]] [[Iver Johnson|US Revolver Company]]<ref name="Abbott2007">{{cite book|first=Geoffrey|last=Abbott|title=What a Way to Go: The Guillotine, the Pendulum, the Thousand Cuts, the Spanish Donkey, and 66 Other Ways of Putting Someone to Death|url=https://archive.org/details/whatwaytogo00geof|url-access=registration|date=April 17, 2007|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-312-36656-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whatwaytogo00geof/page/99 99]–}}</ref> revolver he had bought for $8 ({{Inflation|US|8|1933|r=-1|fmt=eq}}) at a local pawn shop, joined the crowd of spectators, but as he was only {{convert|5|ft|m}} tall, he was unable to see over other people and had to stand on a wobbly metal folding chair, peering over the hat of Lillian Cross to get a clear aim at his target from 25 feet away.{{sfn|McCann|2006|p=70}} He placed his gun over Mrs. Cross' right shoulder (She was only about 4 inches taller than he was and weighed 105 pounds).{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}
After Zangara fired the first shot, Cross and others grabbed his arm, and he fired four more shots wildly. Five people were hit:<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1933-02-17/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&index=1&rows=20&words=Giuseppe+Zangara&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=Giuseppe+Zangara&y=11&x=11&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 Evening star. [volume], February 17, 1933, Page A-5, Image 5]</ref> Mrs. Joseph H. Gill (seriously wounded in the abdomen);<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1933-03-24/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1933&index=12&date2=1933&words=Gill+Joe+Mrs&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&rows=20&proxtext=Mrs.+Joe+Gill&y=13&x=18&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 Evening star. [volume], March 24, 1933, Page A-4, Image 4 she was released from hospital March 23, 1933]</ref> Miss Margaret Kruis of [[Newark, New Jersey]], (minor wound in hand and a scalp wound);<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042243/1933-02-16/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1777&index=0&rows=20&words=hand+Kruis+Margaret&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=MArgaret+Kruis++hand&y=16&x=16&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 The Bismarck tribune. [volume], February 16, 1933, Image 1]</ref><ref>
Roosevelt cradled the mortally wounded Cermak in his arms as the car rushed to the hospital; after arriving there, Cermak spoke to Roosevelt
== Aftermath ==
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== See also ==
* [[List of assassinations]]
* [[List of people who were executed]]
* [[List of people executed in Florida (pre-1972)]]
== Notes ==
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