José Miguel Pey de Andrade: Difference between revisions

| term_start = [[July 20]], [[1810]]

| term_end = [[July 25]], [[1810]]

| term_start2 =[[July 25]], [[1810]]

| term_end2 =[[April 1]], [[1811]]

| office3 =[[President of Colombia|President of of the United Provinces of the New Granada]]*

| term_start3 =[[March 28]], [[1815]]

| term_end3 =[[July 28]], [[1815]]

[[Joaquín Camacho]]'''</small></br>

| term_start4 =[[April 30]], [[1831]]

| term_end4 =[[May 5]], [[1831]]

| birth_date =[[March 11]], [[1763]]

| birth_place =[[Bogotá]], [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|Cundinamarca]]

| death_date =[[August 17]], [[1838]]

| death_place =[[Bogotá]], [[Cundinamarca Province|Cundinamarca]]

José Miguel Pey, a [[Criollo people|Criollo]], was born on [[March 11]], [[1763]], in [[Santa Fe de Bogotá]], [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|New Granada]] into a distinguished family. His father, Juan Francisco Pey, was an ''[[oidor]]'', or judge, of the ''[[Audiencia Real|Audiencia]]'' of Santa Fe de Bogotá, one of the most important positions at the time. José Miguel Pey studied at the ''[[Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, Salamanca|Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé]]'', graduating as a [[lawyer]] in 1787.

[[Image:Antonio JoséJose Amar y BorbónBorb n.JPG|thumb|left|'''Viceroy Antonio José Amar''']]

Pey was mayor''alcalde'' of Bogotá at the time of the Cry of Independence, also known as the ''[[Colombian Declaration of Independence|Florero de Llorente]]'' (Llorente Flower Vase) ([[July 20]], [[1810]]). On that morning, the history of the country changed; a group of criollosCriollos accused [[José Gonzalez Llorente]] of discrimination and riots broke out all over the city. Pey, as the mayor''alcalde'', tried to calm the populace. He proposed protective custody for Llorente, but by doing so he confirmed his culpability in the eyes of the general population and thus fueled the insurgency.

That same day a ''[[Cabildo (council)|Cabildocabildo Abiertoabierto]]'' was establishedconvened to decide the future of the city. The Cabildo''cabildo'' was formed by members of the criollanCriollo oligarchy, both [[RevolutionariesRevolutionary|revolutionaries]] and [[Royalist (Spanish American RevolutionsRevolution)|Royalistsroyalists]]. The Cabildo opted to create a ''[[Junta (Peninsular War)|Junta Suprema]]'' or (Supreme Governing Committee,) with Viceroy Amar y Borbón as president and Pey as vice president. Amar was sworn in induring the early hours of the next day.<ref>[http://www.armada.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=264636& Armed Forces of Colombia, events in history]</ref> However, he refused to preside over the junta, and as a consequence, that duty fell to Pey. Pey thus became the first Criollo to exercise executive power in the viceroyalty of [[New KingdomViceroyalty of Granada|New Granada]]. This Junta approved the Act of Independence, and Pey was one of the signers.

On [[July 25]], [[1810]], Amar y Borbón was removed from the Supreme Junta and Pey became president in his own right. The following day the Junta recognized King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]], but not the [[Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom (Spain)#The Council of Regency of Spain and the Indies|Regency]] in Spain.

Pey led the government with prudence, he himself beingmaintaining loyalloyalty to the SpanishHouse Crownof Bourbon but in favor of regional independence. He was in a difficult situation mediating between the moderate and radical factions in the Junta and in the city. He was forcedpressured to order the arrest of Viceroy Antonio José Amar and his wife the Vicereine María Francisca Villanová on [[August 13]], [[1810]], but he was not in favor of this action,. andShortly soonthereafter, he had the viceroy moved secretly out of [[Bogotá]] to [[Cartagena de Indias]], where he could escape to [[Havana]].<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/peyjosem.htm |title=Biography of José Miguel Pey] |access-date=2006-12-28 |archive-date=2007-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225222/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/peyjosem.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After theA Constitution of [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]] was draftedadopted in March 1811 for the province of Bogotá, otherand provincesa congress of New GranadaGranadan joinedprovinces inwas convened. On [[April 1]], with the election of [[1811Jorge Tadeo Lozano]] Joséas Miguelresident of the congress, Pey's wasrole succeededas bythe [[Jorgechief Tadeoexecutive Lozano]]in whoNew becameGranada ended. The congress resulted in the presidentcreation of the [[United Provinces of the New Granada]] in November, which Cundinamarca refused to join.

On [[March 28]], [[1815]], an Executive [[Triumvirate]] for the [[United Provinces of the New Granada]] was established. [[Custodio García Rovira]], [[José Manuel Restrepo]], and [[Manuel Rodríguez Torices]] were chosen as members of the triumvirate, but Restrepo declined and was never sworn in,<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/restmanu.htm |title=Biography of José Manuel Restrepo] |access-date=2007-04-23 |archive-date=2008-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121060555/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/restmanu.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> so Pey was appointed in his place. He continued in this capacity until July 28 of the same year.

On [[April 30]], [[1831]], after the resignation of the president of [[Gran Colombia]], [[Rafael Urdaneta]], Congress created a three-member ''Ejecutivo Plural'', or Presidium, that delegated the powers of the presidency to [[Juan García del Río]],<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/garcjuan.htm |title=Biography of Juan García del Río] |access-date=2007-04-23 |archive-date=2009-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507095551/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/garcjuan.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Jerónimo Gutiérrez de Mendoza]]<ref>[http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/mendjero.htm Biography of Jerónimo Guitiérrez de Mendoza]</ref> and Pey. Pey was vested with the powers of secretary of war. This presidium ended on [[May 5]], [[1831]], when vice president [[Domingo Caycedo]] took power.

José Miguel Pey was married to Juana Hipólita Bastidas. He died on [[August 17]], [[1838]], at the age of 75 in Bogotá.

* [[JohnPey HansonFamily|Pey family]]

[[Category:Vice-Presidents presidents of Colombia]]

[[Category:Presidents of GreaterGran Colombia]]

[[Category:PeoplePoliticians from Bogotá]]

[[Category:Colombian Romanindependence Catholicsactivists]]