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{{Short description|Colombian statesman and soldier}}
{{
{{Infobox
| image =José Miguel Pey.jpg
| caption ="First President of Colombia"
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| party ='''Centralist'''
| spouse ='''Juana Hipólita Bastidas'''
| footnotes =*President of the three-member governing Triumvirate.
•Member of the Executive Presidium of the Greater Colombia.
}}
'''José Miguel Pey y García de Andrade''' (March 11, 1763 – August 17, 1838) was a
==Background==
Pey, a [[Criollo people|Criollo]], was born on March 11, 1763, in [[Santa Fe de Bogotá]], [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|New Granada]] into a distinguished family. His father, Juan Francisco Pey, was an ''[[oidor]]'' of the ''[[Audiencia Real|Audiencia]]'' of Santa Fe de Bogotá, one of the most important positions at the time. Pey studied at the ''[[Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, Salamanca|Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé]]'', graduating as a [[lawyer]] in 1787.
[[Image:Antonio Jose Amar y Borb n.JPG|thumb|left|'''Viceroy Antonio José Amar''']]
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Pey was ''alcalde'' of Bogotá at the time of the Cry of Independence, also known as the ''[[Colombian Declaration of Independence|Florero de Llorente]]'' (Llorente Flower Vase) (July 20, 1810). On that morning, the history of the country changed; a group of Criollos accused [[José Gonzalez Llorente]] of discrimination and riots broke out all over the city. Pey, as the ''alcalde'', tried to calm the populace. He proposed protective custody for Llorente, but by doing so he confirmed his culpability in the eyes of the general population and thus fueled the insurgency.
That same day a ''[[Cabildo (council)|cabildo abierto]]'' was convened to decide the future of the city. The ''cabildo'' was formed by members of the Criollo oligarchy, both [[Revolutionary|revolutionaries]] and [[Royalist (Spanish American Revolution)|royalists]]. The Cabildo opted to create a ''[[Junta (Peninsular War)|Junta Suprema]]'' (Supreme Governing Committee) with Viceroy Amar y Borbón as president and Pey as vice president. Amar was sworn in
==Junta==
On July 25, 1810, Amar y Borbón was removed from the Supreme Junta and Pey became president in his own right. The following day the Junta recognized King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]], but not the [[Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom (Spain)#The Council of Regency of Spain and the Indies|Regency]] in Spain.
Pey led the government with prudence, he himself maintaining loyalty to the House of Bourbon but in favor of regional independence. He was in a difficult situation mediating between the moderate and radical factions in the Junta and in the city. He was pressured to order the arrest of Viceroy Antonio José Amar and his wife the Vicereine María Francisca Villanová on August 13, 1810, but he was not in favor of this action. Shortly thereafter, he had the viceroy moved secretly out of [[Bogotá]] to [[Cartagena de Indias]], where he could escape to [[Havana]].<ref>
A Constitution of [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]] was adopted in March 1811 for the province of Bogotá, and a congress of New Granadan provinces was convened. On April 1, with the election of [[Jorge Tadeo Lozano]] as resident of the congress, Pey's role as the chief executive in New Granada ended. The congress resulted in the creation of the [[United Provinces of New Granada]] in November, which Cundinamarca refused to join.
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==Triumvirate==
On March 28, 1815, an Executive [[Triumvirate]] for the [[United Provinces of the New Granada]] was established. [[Custodio García Rovira]], [[José Manuel Restrepo]], and [[Manuel Rodríguez Torices]] were chosen as members of the triumvirate, but Restrepo declined and was never sworn in,<ref>
==Presidium==
On April 30, 1831, after the resignation of the president of [[Gran Colombia]], [[Rafael Urdaneta]], Congress created a three-member ''Ejecutivo Plural'', or Presidium, that delegated the powers of the presidency to [[Juan García del Río]],<ref>
Pey was married to Juana Hipólita Bastidas. He died on August 17, 1838, at the age of 75 in Bogotá.
==See also==
* [[Antonio José Amar y Borbón]]
* [[Pey Family|Pey family]]
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pey De Andrade, Jose Miguel}}
[[Category:Vice
[[Category:Presidents of Colombia]]
[[Category:Presidents of Gran Colombia]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bogotá]]
[[Category:1763 births]]
[[Category:1838 deaths]]
[[Category:Colombian
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