Odesa Oblast: Difference between revisions

| official_name = Odeska oblast<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Syvak|first1=Nina|last2=Ponomarenko|first2=Valerii|last3=Khodzinska|first3=Olha|last4=Lakeichuk|first4=Iryna|date=2011|editor-last=Veklych|editor-first=Lesia|others=scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska|title=Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/Toponymic%20guidelines%20PDF/Ukraine/Verstka.pdf|page=20|access-date=2020-10-06|websitevia=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]|publisher=DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia|publication-place=Kyiv|isbn=978-966-475-839-7}}</ref>

| subdivision_name = [[Ukraine]]{{UKR}}

| parts_type = [[List of cities in UkraineOdesa by populationOblast|Largest cities]]

| leader_name2 = [[SerhiyHrihoriy Paraschenko]] ([[Petro Poroshenko Bloc]])Didenko

| area_total_km2 = 3331433313.0269

'''Odesa Oblast''' ({{lang-uk|Оде́ськаОдеська о́бластьобласть|translit=Odeska oblast}}), also referred to as '''Odeshchyna''' ({{lang-uk|Оде́щина}}Одещина), is an [[administrative divisions of Ukraine|oblast]] (province) of southwestern [[Ukraine]], located along the northern coast of the [[Black Sea]]. Its [[administrative centre]] is the city of [[Odesa]] ({{lang-uk|Одеса}}). Population: {{Ua-pop-est2022|2351382|punct=.}}

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches {{convert|300|km|abbr=on}}, while the state border stretches for {{convert|1200|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name=about_region>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbUfDC9xE5s Tell about Ukraine. Odesa Oblast]. 24 Kanal (youtube).</ref> The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including [[Yalpuh Lake]], in Ukraine.<ref name=about_region/> With over {{convert|80000|ha|abbr=on}}<ref name=about_region/> of vineyards, it is also the [[Wine production in Odesa Oblast|largest wine-growing region in Ukraine]].

Evidence of the earliest inhabitants in this area comes from the settlements and burial grounds of the [[Neolithic]] [[Karanovo culture| GumelniţaGumelnița]], [[Cucuteni-Trypillia culture| Cucuteni-Trypillia]] and [[Usatove culture|Usatove]] cultures, as well as from the [[Tumulus |tumuli]] and [[hoard]]s of the [[Bronze Age]] [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]]. In the 1st millennium B.C. [[Miletus| Milesian Greeks]] founded colonies along the northern coast of the Black Sea, including the towns of [[Olbia, Ukraine |Olbia]], [[Tyras]], and [[Niconium]], [[Panticapaeum]],in andthe [[Chersonesosmodern Taurica|Odesa Chersonesus]]Oblast. The Greeks left behind painted vessels, ceramics, sculptures, inscriptions, arts and crafts that indicate the prosperity of their ancient civilisation.

The culture of [[Scythians |Scythian]] tribes inhabiting the Black Sea littoral steppes in the first millennium B.C. has left artefacts in settlements and burial grounds, including weapons, bronze cauldrons, other utensils, and adornments. By the beginning of the 1st millennium A.D. the [[Sarmatians]] displaced the [[Scythians]]. In the 3rd–4th centuries A.D. a tribal alliance, represented by the items of [[Chernyakhov culture]], developed. From the middle of the first millennium the formation of the [[Slavs| Slavic people]] began. In the 9th century the eastern Slavs united into a state with [[Kyiv]] as its centre. The [[Khazars]], [[Polovtsy]] and [[Pechenegs]] were the Slavs' neighbours during different times. Archeological evidence of the period of the 9th–14th centuries survives in materials from the settlements and cities of [[Kievan Rus']]: Belgorod, Caffa-[[Feodosia| Theodosia]], and [[Berezan Island]].

The [[Mongol invasion of Europe | Mongols]] took over the Black Sea littoral in the 13th century.

| series publisher = Harvard series in UkrainianUniversity studiesPress

| page = 40

| isbn = 9781932650006

| access-date = 2014-09-19

| quote = [...] the war with the Ottoman Empire [...] ended with the Treaty of Eternal Peace in December 1791, whereby the so-called Ochakiv (Ochakov) oblast was brought into the empire.}}</ref>

After the [[February Revolution]] of 1917 in Russia the area became part of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1917–1918), but soon succumbed first to the Russian [[Volunteer Army]] (part of the [[White movement]]) and then to the Russian Bolshevik [[Red Army]]. By 1920 the [[Soviet Ukraine |Soviet]] authorities had secured the territory of Odesa Oblast, which became part of the [[Ukrainian SSR]]. The oblast was established on 27 February 1932 from five districts: Odesa Okruha, Pervomaisk Okruha, Kirovohrad Okruha, Mykolaiv Okruha, and Kherson Okruha. It was the scene of Soviet genocidal crimes, including the [[Holodomor]] of 1932–1933 and [[Polish Operation of the NKVD]] of 1937.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Deportacje ludności polskiej do Kazachstanu w 1936 roku. Zarys historyczny|year=2016|language=pl|publisher=Kancelaria [[Senate of Poland|Senatu]]|location=Warszawa|page=37}}</ref>

In 1937 the [[Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union | Central Executive Committee of the USSR]] split off the eastern portions of the Odesa Oblast to form the [[Mykolaiv Oblast]].{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

During [[World War II]] [[Axis Powers | Axis]] forces conquered the area and [[Kingdom of Romania | Romania]] occupied the oblast and administered it as part of the [[Transnistria Governorate]] (1941–1944). After the war the Soviet administration reestablished the oblast with its pre-war borders.

| language= ru |trans-title= Survey of KharkovKharkiv and Odesa Oblasts

On 4-5 July 2022 during international Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC 2022) in Lugano Switzerland pledged to support the rebuilding of Odesa region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Провідні країни Європи відбудовуватимуть Україну, – Гайдай |url=https://lb.ua/economics/2022/07/05/522198_providni_kraini_ievropi.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=LB.ua|date=5 July 2022 }}</ref>

[[File:Bilhorod Dnistrovskyi.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi fortress|Akkerman fortress]]]]

[[File:Odessa oblast' field.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Rapeseed field in Odesa Oblast]]

*Note: AnA asteriskcaret (^) indicates the two municipalities and nine raions which previously constituted [[Izmail Oblast]] until that former oblast's merger with Odesa Oblast on 15 February 1954; these areas lie to the west of the [[Dniester]] River, and formerly constituted the territory known as the [[Budjak]] (southern Bessarabia). In the 18 July 2020 reorganisation, these nine raions were reduced to three, which also incorporated the two former independent cities.

*Note: Asterisks (*) Though the administrative center of the rayonraion is housed in the city/town that it is named after, cities do not answer to the rayonraion authorities only towns do; instead they are directly subordinated to the oblast government and therefore are not counted as part of rayonraion statistics.

| [[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion]] ^ || Білгород-Дністровський (район) ||align="right"| 5,177 ||align="right"| 214,211 || [[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi]] (city) ||align="right"| 198,682 ||align="right"| 16

| [[Bolhrad Raion]] ^ || Болградський (район) ||align="right"| 4,477 ||align="right"| 167,464 || [[Bolhrad]] ||align="right"| 146,424 ||align="right"| 10

| [[Izmail Raion]] ^ || Ізмаїльський (район) ||align="right"| 3,505 ||align="right"| 239,096 || [[Izmail]] (city) ||align="right"| 207,333 ||align="right"| 6

| [[Odesa Raion]]|| ОвідіопольськийОдеський (район) ||align="right"| 3,946 ||align="right"| 1,353,314 || [[OvidiopolOdesa]] ||align="right"| 1,382,541 ||align="right"| 22

| [[Podilsk Raion]] || Подільський (район) ||align="right"| 7,048 ||align="right"| 266,948 || [[Podilsk]] (city) ||align="right"| 224,163 ||align="right"| 12

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