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Line 1: {{Short description\|~~A historic~~Historic building in Riyadh}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=~~July~~April ~~2021~~2024}} {{Infobox Historic building \| image = ~~File:~~قصر المربع~~-1980~~.jpg \| image_size = \| map_type = \| latitude = \| longitude = \| map_caption = Murabba Palace, 2017 \| location_town = [[Riyadh]] \| location_country = [[Saudi Arabia]] Line 19: \| cost = \| structural_system = \| style = {{ubl\|[[Arab architecture\|Traditional Arab architecture]]~~<br/>~~\| Najdi urban patterns}} \| size = 9,844.64 m<sup>2</sup> }} '''Murabba Palace''' ([[Arabic]]: قصر المربّع Qaṣr al Murabbaʿ; literally the 'Square Palace') is a historic palace in the [[Al Murabba\|al-Murabba]] neighborhood of [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]], located in the [[King Abdulaziz Historical Center]]. One of the first buildings erected outside the [[Riyadh city wall\|walls]] of the [[Walled town of Riyadh\|old city]],<ref name="sama">{{cite thesis '''The Murabba Palace''' (Qasr al Murabba (''the Square'' in [[Arabic]])) is one of the historic buildings in [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]]. The palace is the first building that was erected outside the walls of the old city.<ref name=sama>{{cite thesis\|author=Sama Al Malik\|title=Improving the city image of Riyadh. Through storefront and street signage redesign\|location=University of Barcelona\|degree=MA\|date=2017 \|url=http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/113737/1/Improving%20the%20City%20Image%20of%20Riyadh%20-%20SAlMalik.pdf}}</ref> It was named after its square with the form of {{convert\|400\|by\|400\|m}}.<ref name=sal21apr/> It is one of the museums in the city. \|author=Sama Al Malik\|title=Improving the city image of Riyadh. Through storefront and street signage redesign\|location=[[University of Barcelona]]\|degree=MA\|year=2017\|hdl=2445/113737\|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2445/113737}}</ref> it served as the official workplace and main residence of [[Ibn Saud\|King Abdulaziz ibn Saud]] from 1938 until his death in 1953. It is named after its square with the form of {{convert\|400\|by\|400\|m}}.<ref name=sal21apr/> The palace was transformed into a museum and opened to the general public in 1999. ==History== [[File:قصر المربع-1980.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Murabba Palace, 1980]] The palace was built by [[King Abdulaziz]] outside Riyadh, being the first major expansion of the city in the twentieth century.<ref name=sal21apr>{{cite web\|author=Saleh Al Hathloul\|title=Riyadh Architecture in One Hundred Years\|url=http://csbe.org/e-publications-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/riyadh-architecture-in-one-hundred-years/#development\|work=Center of the Study of Built Environment\|accessdate=22 July 2013\|location=Amman\|format=Public lecture\|date=21 April 2002}}</ref> Construction was started in 1936, partly finalized in 1938<ref>{{cite web\|title=Experience to discover\|url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8\|work=Saudi Tourism\|accessdate=22 July 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516063656/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8\|archive-date=16 May 2013\|url-status=dead}}</ref> and fully completed in 1945.<ref name=ircica>{{cite web\|title=Al Murabba Palace (Saudi Arabia)\|url=http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/level1.php?id=724\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130722171357/http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/level1.php?id=724\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=22 July 2013\|work=IRCICA\|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref> The construction was supervised by builder Ibn Qabba, but the King also personally involved in the construction process.<ref name=sas16/> The palace was intended to be a family residence and court for the king.<ref name=arriyadh>{{cite web\|title=King Abdulaziz Historical Center\|url=http://www.arriyadh.com/Eng/ADA/Left/DevProj/getdocument.aspx?f=/Eng/ADA/Left/DevProj/KAHCE5.doc_cvt.htm#_Al-Murabba'_Palace\|work=ArRiyadh City\|accessdate=22 July 2013\|date=8 October 2011}}</ref> With the construction of the palace three novel technologies were introduced to the Saudi society: the use of the automobiles as means of transportation, electricity by means of generators and water closets with drainage systems.<ref name=sal21apr/> In order to connect the palace with the city center a [[concrete road]] was constructed which was also new in the city.<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Pascal Menoret\|title=Learning from Riyadh: Automobility, Joyriding, and Politics\|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East\|date=2019\|volume=39\|issue=1\|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/727106/pdf\|doi=10.1215/1089201X-7493843}}</ref> In 1939 electricity, lighting, fans, limited air-conditioning, a central water supply and lavatories were added by the [[Saudi Aramco\|Aramco]] technicians to the palace.<ref name=sas16/>▼ The palace was built by [[King Abdulaziz]] outside the [[walled town of Riyadh]], being the first major expansion of the city in the twentieth century.<ref name=sal21apr>{{cite web\|author=Saleh Al Hathloul\|title=Riyadh Architecture in One Hundred Years\|url=http://csbe.org/e-publications-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/riyadh-architecture-in-one-hundred-years/#development\|work=Center of the Study of Built Environment\|location=Amman\|access-date=22 July 2013\|format=Public lecture\|date=21 April 2002\|archive-date=25 March 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325031608/http://csbe.org/e-publications-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/riyadh-architecture-in-one-hundred-years/#development\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction was started in 1936 and partly finalized in 1938.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Experience to discover\|url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8\|work=Saudi Tourism\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516063656/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8\|url-status=dead ▲~~The palace was built by [[King Abdulaziz]] outside Riyadh, being the first major expansion of the city in the twentieth century.<ref name=sal21apr>{{cite web~~\|~~author~~archive-date=~~Saleh~~16 AlMay ~~Hathloul~~2013\|~~title=Riyadh Architecture in One Hundred Years\|url=http://csbe.org/e~~access-~~publications-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/riyadh-architecture-in-one-hundred-years/#development\|work=Center of the Study of Built Environment\|accessdate~~date=22 July 2013~~\|location=Amman\|format=Public lecture\|date=21 April 2002~~}}</ref> ~~Construction~~It was started in 1936, partly finalized in 1938<ref>{{cite web\|title=Experience to discover\|url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8\|work=Saudi Tourism\|accessdate=22 July 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516063656/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8\|archive-date=16 May 2013\|url-status=dead}}</ref> and fully completed in 1945.<ref name=ircica>{{cite web\|title=Al Murabba Palace (Saudi Arabia)\|work=IRCICA\|url=http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/level1.php?id=724\|access-date=22 July 2013\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130722171357/http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/level1.php?id=724\|url-status=dead\|archive-date~~=22 July 2013\|work=IRCICA\|accessdate~~=22 July 2013}}</ref> The construction was supervised by builder Ibn Qabba, but the King also personally involved in the construction process.<ref name=sas16/> The palace was intended to be a family residence and court for the king.<ref name=arriyadh>{{cite web\|title=King Abdulaziz Historical Center\|url=http://www.arriyadh.com/Eng/ADA/Left/DevProj/getdocument.aspx?f=/Eng/ADA/Left/DevProj/KAHCE5.doc_cvt.htm#_Al-Murabba'_Palace\|work=ArRiyadh City\|~~accessdate~~access-date=22 July 2013\|date=8 October 2011}}</ref> With the construction of the palace three novel technologies were introduced to the Saudi society: the use of the automobiles as means of transportation, electricity by means of generators and water closets with drainage systems.<ref name=sal21apr/> In order to connect the palace with the city center a [[concrete road]] was constructed which was also new in the city.<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Pascal Menoret\|title=Learning from Riyadh: Automobility, Joyriding, and Politics\|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East\|date=2019\|volume=39\|issue=1\|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/727106/pdf\|doi=10.1215/1089201X-7493843}}</ref> In 1939 electricity, lighting, fans, limited air-conditioning, a central water supply and lavatories were added by the [[Saudi Aramco\|Aramco]] technicians to the palace.<ref name=sas16/> \|journal=[[Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East]]\|year=2019\|volume=39\|issue=1\|doi=10.1215/1089201X-7493843\|pages=131–142 \|s2cid=181899287}}</ref> In 1939 electricity, lighting, fans, limited air-conditioning, a central water supply and lavatories were added by the [[Saudi Aramco\|Aramco]] technicians to the palace.<ref name=sas16/> The king left his former court in [[Masmak fort]] when the construction was finished,<ref name=simbacom>{{cite web\|title=Murabba Palace Historical Centre\|url=http://www.simbacom.com/riyadh-ksa/historic/murabba.html\|work=Simbacom\|~~accessdate~~access-date=22 July 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619024845/http://www.simbacom.com/riyadh-ksa/historic/murabba.html\|archive-date=19 June 2013\|url-status=dead}}</ref> and used the palace as his residence and court from 1938 until his death in 1953.<ref name=sem99/> One of his wives, [[Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi]], also moved with him to the palace in 1938.<ref>{{cite news\|author=Kholoud Al Abdullah\|title=سعوديات خلدهن التاريخ \|url=http://www.rougemagz.com/2014/09/23/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE/\|~~accessdate~~access-date=9 September 2020\|work=Rouge Magazine\|date=23 September 2014\|language=~~Arabic~~ar\|archive-date=14 May 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514065719/http://www.rougemagz.com/2014/09/23/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE/\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another palace, Addeera, was also used as a royal residence.<ref name=ircica/> During ~~this~~the ~~period~~reign of King Abdulaziz Murabba Palace witnessed many official visits and sign of various agreements.<ref name=whatafy13/> A lift was installed into the Murabba Palace in the late 1940s when the king had difficulty in climbing the stairs due to advanced [[arthritis]].<ref name=simbacom/> It was the first lift in Saudi Arabia.<ref name=simbacom/> The king appointed one of his sons, [[Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud\|Prince Mansour]], as emir of the palace.<ref>{{cite ~~news~~magazine\|title=The King of Arabia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MU4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA71\|date=31 May 1943\|~~journal~~magazine=[[Life (magazine)\|~~page=72~~Life]]\|issn=0024-3019\|page=71}}</ref> King Abdulaziz's successor, [[King Saud]], also used the palace for official activities. For instance, he ~~initiated~~inaugurated the council of ministers with a ceremony in the Murabba Palace on 7 March 1954.<ref>{{cite thesis\|author=Summer Scott Huyette\|title=Political Adaptation in Saudi Arabia: A Study of the Council of Ministers\|degree=PhD\|year=1984\|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303285259~~?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true~~\|location=[[Columbia University~~\|degree=PhD\|date=1984~~]]\|page=135 \|id={{~~Proquest~~ProQuest\|303285259}}}}</ref> ==Location== The Murabba palace is situated two kilometers north of the old city of Riyadh, and its total area was over 16 hectares.<ref name=sas16>{{cite journal\|author=Sumayah Al Solaiman\|title=Architecture as a Tool of Editing History: The Case of Saudi ~~Arabia’s~~Arabia's King Abdulaziz Historical Center \|journal=Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review \|date=Spring 2016\|volume=27\|issue=2\|pages=~~42-43\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24720019~~42–43\|jstor=24720019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|author=Yasser Elsheshtawy\|title=The Evolving Arab City: Tradition, Modernity and Urban Development\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmsechJmz60C&pg=PA122\|year=2008\|publisher=[[Routledge]]\|isbn=978-0-415-41156-1\|page=122\|location=London; New York}}</ref> The area of the palace was later expanded to 30 hectares.<ref name=sas16/> In a study dated 2021 the size of the palace is cited as 9,844.64 m<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~journal\|author1=Abobakr Al Sakkaf\|author2=Sherif Ahmed Mahmoud\|author3=Eslam Mohammed Abdelkader\|title=Improving Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort for Heritage Buildings: A Case Study Murabba Palace\|~~url=https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14546634 \|publisher~~journal=International Conference on Innovations in Energy Engineering & Cleaner Production IEECP21 ~~\|format=Conference paper~~\|doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.14546634\|~~date~~year=2021\|page=3}}</ref> The palace is located about half a mile from Masmak fort.<ref name=sem99>{{cite web\|title=Rebirth of a historic center\|work=Saudi Embassy Magazine\|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Publications/Magazine/1999-Spring/rebirth.htm~~\|work=Saudi Embassy Magazine~~\|date=Spring 1999\|url-status=dead\|~~archiveurl~~archive-date=7 August 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807161001/http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Publications/Magazine/1999-Spring/rebirth.htm~~\|archivedate=7 August 2013\|df=dmy-all~~}}</ref> The area ~~where~~of the palace ~~was constructed~~ was called Murabba Al Sufyan.<ref name=anews12>{{cite news\|title=Murabba Palace: The historical divan of King Abdul Aziz\|url=http://www.arabnews.com/life-style/murabba-palace-historical-divan-king-abdul-aziz\|~~accessdate~~access-date=22 July 2013 \|newspaper=[[Arab News]]\|date=24 September 2012\|location=Jeddah}}</ref> In the south of the palace there are gardens, and the Batha valley is situated in the east.<ref name=anews12/> Wadi Abu Rafie is in the west, and small hills lie on the north of the palace.<ref name=anews12/> Murabba Palace is very close to Al Shamsia mansion which was the residence of [[Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Faisal Al Saud\|Saud Al Kabeer]] and his wife [[Noura bint Abdul Rahman Al Saud\|Noura bint Abdul Rahman]], elder sister of King Abdulaziz.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=H. St. J. B. Philby\|title=Riyadh: Ancient and Modern\|journal=[[The Middle East Journal]]\|date=Spring 1959\|volume=13\|issue=2 \|pages=129–141\|jstor=4323104\|~~url~~author-link=~~https://www.jstor.org/stable/4323104~~St John Philby}}</ref> In the 1950s the Murabba Palace was connected to Al Nasriyah Farm which is in fact a rural palace in the west of old Riyadh through a stone road.<ref name=sama/> ==Layout and style== The building is a complex of palaces used for different purposes, housing two stories with 32 rooms.<ref name=anews12/> Overall shape of the building is cubic.<ref name=ciah>{{cite web\|title=Murabba Palace\|url=http://www.ciah.biz/content/murabba-palace\|work=CIAH\|~~accessdate~~date=9 March 2011 \|access-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> It is made up of residential buildings, service facilities and the diwan of the king.<ref name=arriyadh/> These buildings are surrounded by a courtyard.<ref>{{cite book\|~~author1~~editor1=Jonathan M. Bloom\|~~author2~~editor2=Sheila Blair\|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Delhi to Mosque\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=RA2-PA152\|year=2009\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]\|isbn=978-0-19-530991-1\|page=2152\|location=London; New York\|editor1-link=Jonathan M. Bloom\|editor2-link=Sheila Blair}}</ref> A huge brick wall also surrounds the palace, and there are nine gates.<ref name=whatafy13>{{cite web\|title=The Murabba Palace\|work=Whatafy\|access-date=22 July 2013\|url=http://whatafy.com/the-murabba-palace-saudi-arabias-historical-treasure.html~~\|work=Whatafy\|accessdate=22 July 2013~~\|date=4 May 2013}}</ref> The main gate was originally on the west side, but, later the gate on the southern side was used as main entrance which allowed a short link to the nearby mosque.<ref name=ircica/> The upper floor of the building used for court of the king included audience hall, offices of administrative affairs, communications and guest chambers.<ref name=anews12/> The ground floor housed the offices for palace utilities, security and administration.<ref name=anews12/> ItThe building has a plain style<ref name=arriyadh/> and reflects the general features of the traditional Najdi architecture.<ref name=ircica/> ~~The building~~It also reflects the general characteristics of [[Najd]]'s urban pattern, namely solid masses, covered streets, and the integration of courtyards.<ref name=sal21apr/> The palace was built mainly by bricks, indigenous stones, tamarisk trunk and palm-leaf stalks.<ref name=anews12/> The walls of the building were made by straw reinforced adobe, and have engraved ornaments on coating.<ref name=ircica/> Local [[acacia]] with palm frond matts was used for the ceiling of the palace.<ref name=ircica/> The wood beams supporting the ceiling have decorations with yellow, red, and black geometric patterns.<ref name=ircica/> ==Current usage== A development project was initiated by the [[Saudi Commission for Tourism & ~~Antiquities\|the Supreme Commission of Tourism and~~ Antiquities]] in 1999 to renovate the Murabba palace.<ref>{{cite news\|title=SCTA takes over Al Saqqaf Palace\|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=2010031165921\|~~accessdate~~access-date=22 July 2013\|newspaper=[[Saudi Gazette]]\|date=11 March 2010\|author=Faleh Al Dhuyabi\|author2=Majed Al Mufadhali\|location=Jeddah/Mecca\|url-status=dead\|~~archiveurl~~archive-date=17 May 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120624/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=2010031165921~~\|archivedate=17 May 2014\|df=dmy-all~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|access-date=22 July 2013\|title=King Abdulaziz Historical Centre\|work=ArchNet \|url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=9686\|~~work~~archive-date=~~ArchNet\|accessdate=22~~5 ~~July~~September ~~2013~~2012\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905005806/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=9686~~\|archive-date=5 September 2012\|url-status=dead~~}}</ref> It was converted into a museum ~~that~~and isbecame open to public visits.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Catherine Broberg\|title=Saudi Arabia in Pictures\|location=Minneapolis, MN\|year=2003 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7fCQbtUbh8C&pg=PA72~~\|date=January 2003~~\|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books\|isbn=978-0-8225-1958-4\|page=72}}</ref> It was called "living museum" after renovation.<ref name=ciah/> It is part of the King Abdulaziz Darat or [[King Abdul Aziz Historical Centre\|King Abdulaziz Historical Center]].<ref name=arriyadh/><ref name=aol>{{cite web\|title=Al Murabba'a Historical Palace, Riyadh\|work=Aol Travel \|url=http://travel.aol.com/travel-guide/middle-east/saudi-arabia/riyadh/al-murabba-a-historical-palace-thingstodo-detail-326762/\|~~work=Aol Travel\|accessdate~~access-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> In the current usage, the ground floor includes the guards' room and stores for food, coffee, wood and other materials needed for cooking.<ref name=aol/> The upper floor is made up of salons and waiting rooms for visitors.<ref name=aol/> There several historic garments and crafts are exhibited.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Riyadh. Murabba Palace\|url=http://www.meetinsaudiarabia.com/articles/show/riyadh\|work=Meet Saudi Arabia\|~~accessdate~~access-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> There are also the King Abdulaziz memorial hall and a written and photographic archive centre in the building.<ref name=simbacom/> One of the dignitaries welcomed at the Murabba Palace was [[~~President~~General Secretary of the ~~People's~~Chinese ~~Republic~~Communist ~~of China\|Chinese President~~Party]] [[Xi Jinping]] who visited Saudi Arabia in January 2016.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Mohammed Al Sudairi\|title=Some Observations on the Significance of President Xi ~~Jinping’s~~Jinping's Visit and the Problem of the Sino-Saudi Relationship\|url=https://www.kfcris.com/pdf/af640f6347941a4db73d1efa84748c6f59d0867665812.pdf\|format=Commentary \|publisher=King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies~~\|format=Commentary~~\|date=13 September 2017}}</ref> On 20 May 2017 the [[US President]] [[Donald Trump]] and his wife [[Melania Trump]] attended a dinner which was organized by [[King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] at the Murabba Palace.<ref>{{cite news\|title=U.S. President Trump in Saudi Arabia for 1st visit abroad\|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/pg/photo-gallery/us-president-trump-in-saudi-arabia-for-1st-visit-abroad#\|access-date=5 March 2021\|work=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref> ==See also== {{Portal\|Saudi Arabia}}▼ [[New Murabba]] ==References== {{Reflist~~\|33em~~}} ==External links== {{Commons-inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150127224241/http://www.photoblog.com/carlschraefel/2013/02/26/ Pictures of Murabba Palace ~~and garden~~] {{Riyadh}} ~~{{Commonscat}}~~ ▲{{Portal\|Saudi Arabia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murabba Palace}} [[Category:1938 establishments in Saudi Arabia]]