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{{Short description|
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{{Infobox Historic building
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| map_caption = Murabba Palace, 2017
| location_town = [[Riyadh]]
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}} '''Murabba Palace''' ([[Arabic]]: قصر المربّع Qaṣr al Murabbaʿ; literally the 'Square Palace') is a historic palace in the [[Al Murabba|al-Murabba]] neighborhood of [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]], located in the [[King Abdulaziz Historical Center]]. One of the first buildings erected outside the [[Riyadh city wall|walls]] of the [[Walled town of Riyadh|old city]],<ref name="sama">{{cite thesis
|author=Sama Al Malik|title=Improving the city image of Riyadh. Through storefront and street signage redesign|location=[[University of Barcelona]]|degree=MA|year=2017|hdl=2445/113737|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2445/113737}}</ref> it served as the official workplace and main residence of [[Ibn Saud|King Abdulaziz ibn Saud]] from 1938 until his death in 1953. It is named after its square with the form of {{convert|400|by|400|m}}.<ref name=sal21apr/> The palace was transformed into a museum and opened to the general public in 1999.
==History==
[[File:قصر المربع-1980.jpg|left|thumb|Murabba Palace, 1980]]
The palace was built by [[King Abdulaziz]] outside Riyadh, being the first major expansion of the city in the twentieth century.<ref name=sal21apr>{{cite web|author=Saleh Al Hathloul|title=Riyadh Architecture in One Hundred Years|url=http://csbe.org/e-publications-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/riyadh-architecture-in-one-hundred-years/#development|work=Center of the Study of Built Environment|accessdate=22 July 2013|location=Amman|format=Public lecture|date=21 April 2002}}</ref> Construction was started in 1936, partly finalized in 1938<ref>{{cite web|title=Experience to discover|url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8|work=Saudi Tourism|accessdate=22 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516063656/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8|archive-date=16 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and fully completed in 1945.<ref name=ircica>{{cite web|title=Al Murabba Palace (Saudi Arabia)|url=http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/level1.php?id=724|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130722171357/http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/level1.php?id=724|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 July 2013|work=IRCICA|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref> The construction was supervised by builder Ibn Qabba, but the King also personally involved in the construction process.<ref name=sas16/> The palace was intended to be a family residence and court for the king.<ref name=arriyadh>{{cite web|title=King Abdulaziz Historical Center|url=http://www.arriyadh.com/Eng/ADA/Left/DevProj/getdocument.aspx?f=/Eng/ADA/Left/DevProj/KAHCE5.doc_cvt.htm#_Al-Murabba'_Palace|work=ArRiyadh City|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=8 October 2011}}</ref> With the construction of the palace three novel technologies were introduced to the Saudi society: the use of the automobiles as means of transportation, electricity by means of generators and water closets with drainage systems.<ref name=sal21apr/> In order to connect the palace with the city center a [[concrete road]] was constructed which was also new in the city.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Pascal Menoret|title=Learning from Riyadh: Automobility, Joyriding, and Politics|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East|date=2019|volume=39|issue=1|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/727106/pdf|doi=10.1215/1089201X-7493843}}</ref> In 1939 electricity, lighting, fans, limited air-conditioning, a central water supply and lavatories were added by the [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]] technicians to the palace.<ref name=sas16/>▼
The palace was built by [[King Abdulaziz]] outside the [[walled town of Riyadh]], being the first major expansion of the city in the twentieth century.<ref name=sal21apr>{{cite web|author=Saleh Al Hathloul|title=Riyadh Architecture in One Hundred Years|url=http://csbe.org/e-publications-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/riyadh-architecture-in-one-hundred-years/#development|work=Center of the Study of Built Environment|location=Amman|access-date=22 July 2013|format=Public lecture|date=21 April 2002|archive-date=25 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325031608/http://csbe.org/e-publications-resources/articles-and-lectures-on-architectural-issues/riyadh-architecture-in-one-hundred-years/#development|url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction was started in 1936 and partly finalized in 1938.<ref>{{cite web|title=Experience to discover|url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8|work=Saudi Tourism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516063656/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=8|url-status=dead
▲
|journal=[[Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East]]|year=2019|volume=39|issue=1|doi=10.1215/1089201X-7493843|pages=131–142
|s2cid=181899287}}</ref> In 1939 electricity, lighting, fans, limited air-conditioning, a central water supply and lavatories were added by the [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]] technicians to the palace.<ref name=sas16/>
The king left his former court in [[Masmak fort]] when the construction was finished,<ref name=simbacom>{{cite web|title=Murabba Palace Historical Centre|url=http://www.simbacom.com/riyadh-ksa/historic/murabba.html|work=Simbacom|
|url=http://www.rougemagz.com/2014/09/23/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE/| During
King Abdulaziz's successor, [[King Saud]], also used the palace for official activities. For instance, he
|id={{ ==Location==
The Murabba palace is situated two kilometers north of the old city of Riyadh, and its total area was over 16 hectares.<ref name=sas16>{{cite journal|author=Sumayah Al Solaiman|title=Architecture as a Tool of Editing History: The Case of Saudi
|journal=Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review |author=Yasser Elsheshtawy|title=The Evolving Arab City: Tradition, Modernity and Urban Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmsechJmz60C&pg=PA122|year=2008|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-41156-1|page=122|location=London; New York}}</ref> The area of the palace was later expanded to 30 hectares.<ref name=sas16/> In a study dated 2021 the size of the palace is cited as 9,844.64 m<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite The palace is located about half a mile from Masmak fort.<ref name=sem99>{{cite web|title=Rebirth of a historic center|work=Saudi Embassy Magazine|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF/Publications/Magazine/1999-Spring/rebirth.htm
|newspaper=[[Arab News]]|date=24 September 2012|location=Jeddah}}</ref> In the south of the palace there are gardens, and the Batha valley is situated in the east.<ref name=anews12/> Wadi Abu Rafie is in the west, and small hills lie on the north of the palace.<ref name=anews12/> Murabba Palace is very close to Al Shamsia mansion which was the residence of [[Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Faisal Al Saud|Saud Al Kabeer]] and his wife [[Noura bint Abdul Rahman Al Saud|Noura bint Abdul Rahman]], elder sister of King Abdulaziz.<ref>{{cite journal
|author=H. St. J. B. Philby|title=Riyadh: Ancient and Modern|journal=[[The Middle East Journal]]|date=Spring 1959|volume=13|issue=2 |pages=129–141|jstor=4323104| ==Layout and style==
The building is a complex of palaces used for different purposes, housing two stories with 32 rooms.<ref name=anews12/> Overall shape of the building is cubic.<ref name=ciah>{{cite web|title=Murabba Palace|url=http://www.ciah.biz/content/murabba-palace|work=CIAH|
The upper floor of the building used for court of the king included audience hall, offices of administrative affairs, communications and guest chambers.<ref name=anews12/> The ground floor housed the offices for palace utilities, security and administration.<ref name=anews12/>
==Current usage==
A development project was initiated by the [[Saudi Commission for Tourism &
|url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=9686| |url=http://travel.aol.com/travel-guide/middle-east/saudi-arabia/riyadh/al-murabba-a-historical-palace-thingstodo-detail-326762/| In the current usage, the ground floor includes the guards' room and stores for food, coffee, wood and other materials needed for cooking.<ref name=aol/> The upper floor is made up of salons and waiting rooms for visitors.<ref name=aol/> There several historic garments and crafts are exhibited.<ref>{{cite web|title=Riyadh. Murabba Palace|url=http://www.meetinsaudiarabia.com/articles/show/riyadh|work=Meet Saudi Arabia|
One of the dignitaries welcomed at the Murabba Palace was [[
|publisher=King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies ==See also==
{{Portal|Saudi Arabia}}▼
*[[New Murabba]]
==References==
{{Reflist
==External links==
* {{Commons-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150127224241/http://www.photoblog.com/carlschraefel/2013/02/26/ Pictures of Murabba Palace
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[[Category:1938 establishments in Saudi Arabia]]
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