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{{short description|
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox sport
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| team = Individuals or teams of 3 or 4
| mgender = No
| category =
| olympic = [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932]] only
| IWGA = [[1981 World Games|1981]] – present
}}
'''Tumbling''', sometimes referred to as '''power tumbling''', is a
''Tumbling'' can also refer more generally to similar acrobatic skills performed on their own or in other gymnastics events, such as in [[floor exercise]]s or on the [[balance beam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/tumbling-acrobatics |title=Tumbling |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2015-01-28 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref>
Tumbling is governed by the FIG, the [[International Federation of Gymnastics]], and is included as an event within [[trampoline gymnastics]]. Although tumbling is not currently an [[Olympics|Olympic]] event, elite tumblers competing at the international level can compete in various events organised by the FIG, continental confederations as well as at the [[European Games]] and [[World Games]].
==History==
While the origins of tumbling are unknown, ancient records have shown acts of tumbling in many parts of the world including [[China]], [[India]], [[Japan]], [[Egypt]] and [[Iran]]. Tumbling became part of the educational system of [[ancient Greece]], from which early Romans borrowed the exercise for use in military training.<ref name="Carter">{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Ernestine |last2=Orlofsky |first2=Fred |publisher=Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. |publication-date=1971 |publication-place=Belmont, California |title=Beginning Tumbling and Floor Exercise |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780534006464 |url-access=registration |chapter=History |isbn=9780534006464}}</ref>{{rp|2}} During the [[Middle Ages]], [[minstrel]]s incorporated tumbling into their performances, and multiple records show tumblers performed for royal courts for entertainment.<ref name="Goodbody">{{cite book |last=Goodbody |first=John |publisher=Hutchinson Publishing Group |publication-date=1982 |publication-place=London |title=The Illustrated History of Gymnastics |chapter=The Early Days (to 1896) |year=1982 |isbn=0091433509 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000good }}</ref>{{rp|12}} It is at the end of this period in 1303 that the verb ''tumble'' is first attested in this sense in English.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/207350 |title=tumble, v. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=December 2019 |website=OED Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> There was renewed interest in formalised physical education during the [[Renaissance]], and shortly thereafter gymnastics began to be introduced into some physical education programmes, such as in [[Prussia]] as early as 1776.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Loken |first1=Newton C. |last2=Willoughby |first2=Robert J. |publisher=Prentice-Hall, Inc. |publication-date=1977 |publication-place=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. |title=Complete Book of Gymnastics |chapter=History and Values of Gymnastics |year=1977 |edition=3rd |isbn=0-13-157172-9 |page=2}}</ref> The FIG was officially formed in 1881, then known as the European Gymnastics Federation.<ref name="Goodbody" />{{rp|18}} Tumbling, however, was not governed by the FIG until 1999. Before this time, the [[International Trampoline Federation]] governed the sport since its founding in 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/pages/disciplines/hist-tra.php |title=Trampoline Gymnastics: History |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique |access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> National federations have even longer histories, such as the [[Amateur Athletic Union of the United States]] which included tumbling in events as early as 1886.<ref name="Carter" />{{rp|3}}
Tumbling has only been included as an official event in one Olympic games, the [[1932 Summer Olympics]], and was exclusively a men's event. It was around this time that the floor exercise, which includes many elements of tumbling, became an individual event at the Olympics.<ref name="Carter" />{{rp|3}}
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==Tumbling skills==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Common
|-
! Skill
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| A common entry skill seen in every type of gymnastics to turn horizontal speed into vertical speed.
|-
|End
|The skill competed at the end of the run
|-
|Flick
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|A long, low and fast somersault done without the hands. This move is unique to tumbling and the trademark of the discipline.
|-
| Double
| The tumbler launches into the air and rotates twice vertically around before landing on their feet. This skill is done in a tuck, pike or straight position.
|-
|Triple
|The
|-
| Twisting
| A single somersault in which the tumbler rotates horizontally. This
|-
|Combination
|A somersault that is a combination of double/triple and twisting skills. For example, in a double
|-
|Transition
|
|}
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| {{flagIOCathlete|Kaden Brown|USA}}
| 75.400
|-▼
|2022
| [[Sofia]]
| {{flagIOCathlete|[[Ethan McGuinness]]|AUS}}
| 28.900
| {{flagIOCathlete|[[Kristof Willerton]]|GBR}}
| 28.300
| {{flagIOCathlete|Axel Duriez|FRA}}
| 27.400
|-▼
|2023
| [[Birmingham]]
| {{flagIOCathlete|[[Mikhail Malkin]]|AZE}}
| 31.100
| {{flagIOCathlete|Kaden Brown|USA}}
| 30.100
| {{flagIOCathlete|Jaydon Paddock|GBR}}
| 27.800
|-▼
|}<small>''All results correct according to FIG database. Records only available from 2007.''</small> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/events/searchresults.php#filter|title=FIG - Results|website=www.gymnastics.sport|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref>
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| {{flagIOCathlete|[[Tachina Peeters]]|BEL}}
| 66.500
|-▼
| 2022
| [[Sofia]]
| {{flagIOCathlete|Comfort Yeates|GBR}}
| 24.400
| {{flagIOCathlete|Koralee Catlett|AUS}}
| 24.200
| {{flagIOCathlete|Shanice Davidson|GBR}}
| 24.100
|-▼
| 2023
| [[Birmingham]]
| {{flagIOCathlete|[[Candy_Brière-Vetillard|Candy Briere-Vetillard]]|FRA}}
| 26.000
| {{flagIOCathlete|[[Megan Kealy]]|GBR}}
| 25.800
| {{flagIOCathlete|Saskia Servini|GBR}}
| 25.300
|}<small>''All results correct according to FIG database. Records only available from 2007.''</small><ref name=":0" />
==FIT-era
===Men===
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| {{RUS}}<br /> [[Maxim Shlyakin]]
|-
| [[2022 World Games|2022 Birmingham]]<br />{{DetailsLink|Trampoline gymnastics at the 2022 World Games – Men's tumbling}}
| {{flagIOC2medalist|Kaden Brown|USA|2022 World Games}}
▲|
| {{flagIOC2medalist|Axel Duriez|FRA|2022 World Games}}
▲|
| {{flagIOC2medalist|Rasmus Steffensen|DEN|2022 World Games}}
▲|
|}
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| {{GBR}}<br /> [[Lucie Colebeck]]
|-
| [[2022 World Games|2022 Birmingham]]<br />{{DetailsLink|Trampoline gymnastics at the 2022 World Games – Women's tumbling}}
| {{flagIOC2medalist|Candy Brière-Vetillard|FRA|2022 World Games}}
▲|
| {{flagIOC2medalist|Miah Bruns|USA|2022 World Games}}
▲|
| {{flagIOC2medalist|Breanah Cauchi|AUS|2022 World Games}}
|▼
|}
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! Country
|-
| [[
| {{USA}}
|-
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| [[Judy Wills Cline]]
| {{USA}}
▲|-
| [[Surya Bonaly]]
| {{FRA}}
|-
|}
|