Tumbling (sport): Difference between revisions

{{short description|Tumbling Gymnastics discipline}}

While the origins of tumbling are unknown, ancient records have shown acts of tumbling in many parts of the world including [[China]], [[India]], [[Japan]], [[Egypt]] and [[Iran]]. Tumbling became part of the educational system of [[ancient Greece]], from which early Romans borrowed the exercise for use in military training.<ref name="Carter">{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Ernestine |last2=Orlofsky |first2=Fred |publisher=Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. |publication-date=1971 |publication-place=Belmont, California |title=Beginning Tumbling and Floor Exercise |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780534006464 |url-access=registration |chapter=History |isbn=9780534006464}}</ref>{{rp|2}} During the [[Middle Ages]], [[minstrel]]s incorporated tumbling into their performances, and multiple records show tumblers performed for royal courts for entertainment.<ref name="Goodbody">{{cite book |last=Goodbody |first=John |publisher=Hutchinson Publishing Group |publication-date=1982 |publication-place=London |title=The Illustrated History of Gymnastics |chapter=The Early Days (to 1896) |year=1982 |isbn=0091433509 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000good }}</ref>{{rp|12}} It is at the end of this period in 1303 that the verb ''tumble'' is first attested in this sense in English.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/207350 |title=tumble, v. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=December 2019 |website=OED Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> There was renewed interest in formalised physical education during the [[Renaissance]], and shortly thereafter gymnastics began to be introduced into some physical education programmes, such as in [[Prussia]] as early as 1776.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Loken |first1=Newton C. |last2=Willoughby |first2=Robert J. |publisher=Prentice-Hall, Inc. |publication-date=1977 |publication-place=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. |title=Complete Book of Gymnastics |chapter=History and Values of Gymnastics |year=1977 |edition=3rd |isbn=0-13-157172-9 |page=2}}</ref> The FIG was officially formed in 1881, then known as the European Gymnastics Federation.<ref name="Goodbody" />{{rp|18}} Tumbling, however, was not governed by the FIG until 1999. Before this time, the [[International Trampoline Federation]] governed the sport since its founding in 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/pages/disciplines/hist-tra.php |title=Trampoline Gymnastics: History |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique |access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> National federations have even longer histories, such as the [[Amateur Athletic Union of the United States]] which included tumbling in events as early as 1886.<ref name="Carter" />{{rp|3}}

|+Common Typestypes of Skillsskills in Tumblingtumbling

|End Skillskill

|The skill competed at the end of the run,; this is either a double/triple somersault, a twisting somersault or a combination somersault.

| Double Somersaultsomersault

|Triple Somersaultsomersault

|The gymnastsgymnast launches into the air and rotates three times vertically before landing on their feet. This skill is done in a tuck or pike position and has yet to be competed in the straight position.

| Twisting Somersaultsomersault

| A single somersault in which the tumbler rotates horizontally. This is can be done as a single 'full' twist, a double twist or a triple twist.

|Combination Somersaultsomersault

|A somersault that is a combination of double/triple and twisting skills. For example, in a double -twisting double straight, the gymnast will rotate twice vertically and twice horizontally before landing. The hardest combination somersaults performed would be either the full in triple pike in which a gymnasts rotates vertically three times in a pike position with a full twist in the first rotation or 'the miller' in which a gymnast rotates horizontally four times and vertically twice.

|Transition Skillskill

|This is where a gymnast performs either aA double somersault or a combination somersault in the middle of theira run as opposed to doing it as an end skill. No triple somersaults or combination somersaults involving a triple vertically rotation has yet to be competed.

==FIT-era Eraworld World Championschampions==

| [[EdwinEd Gross]]