SpaceX CRS-7: Difference between revisions

{{redirect|CRS-7|the Orbital ATK CRS-7 flightmission|Cygnus CRS OA-7|the airport|Matoush Aerodrome}}

| mission_typenames_list = [[International Space Station|ISS]]= resupplySpX-7

| operatormission_type = [[Commercial Resupply Services|ISS = [[NASAresupply]]

| COSPAR_IDoperator = [[SpaceX]]

| spacecraft = {{ComV|Dragon C109|109|full=nolink}}

| spacecraft_type = [[SpaceX Dragon#Dragon CRS1|Dragon CRS1]]

| manufacturer = [[SpaceX]]

| dry_massdimensions = Height: ={{cvt|8.1|m}}<br/>Diameter: {{cvt|4|m}}

| launch_date = {{start-date|June 28, June 2015, 14:21:11}}&nbsp;[[UTC]]

| launch_rocket = [[Falcon 9]] v1.1]] ([[List of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters#B1018|B1018]])

| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral AirSpace Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40|SLC-40]]

| launch_contractor = [[SpaceX]]

| destroyed = {{end-date|June 28, June 2015, 14:23:30}}&nbsp;[[UTC]]

| cargo_massinsignia = SpaceX CRS-7 Patch.png

| programme = '''[[Commercial Resupply Services]]'''

| next_mission = [[Cygnus CRS OA-4|OA-4]]<!-- "Cygnus" is a qualifier used in the article's title for disambiguation and is not part of the official name -->

| programme2 = '''[[SpaceX Dragon 1#List of missions|Cargo Dragon]]'''

'''SpaceX CRS-7''', also known as '''SpX-7''',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spacepolicyonline.com/news/pressurization-event-in-second-stage-likely-cause-of-spacex-crs-7-failure |title=Pressurization Event in Second Stage Likely Cause of SpaceX CRS-7 Failure |work=Space Policy Online |first=Marcia S. |last=Smith |date=June 28, 2015 |accessdateaccess-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref> was a private American [[Commercial Resupply Services|Commercial Resupply Service mission]] to the [[International Space Station]], contracted to [[NASA]], which launched and failed on June 28, 2015. It disintegrated 139 seconds into the flight after launch from [[Cape Canaveral]], just before the first stage was to separate from the second stage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unmanned SpaceX rocket explodes after Florida launch |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-33305083 |accessdateaccess-date=June 28, 2015 |work=BBC News |date=June 28, 2015}}</ref> It was the ninth flight for [[SpaceX]]'s uncrewed [[SpaceX Dragon|Dragon]] [[Comparison of space station cargo vehicles|cargo spacecraft]] and the seventh SpaceX operational mission contracted to NASA under a [[Commercial Resupply Services]] contract. The vehicle launched on a [[Falcon 9 v1.1]] launch vehicle. It was the nineteenth overall flight for the [[Falcon 9]] and the fourteenth flight for the substantially upgraded Falcon 9 v1.1.

In January 2015, the launch was tentatively scheduled by NASA for no earlier than June 13, 2015. This was adjusted to June 22, 2015, then moved forward to June 19, 2015, and adjusted again to June 26, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Worldwide Launch Schedule |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/tracking/index.html |website=SpaceflightNow |accessdateaccess-date=June 26, 2015}}</ref> Subsequently, the launch had been rescheduled to June 28, 2015, at 14:21:11 UTC, from Cape Canaveral LC-40.<ref name="nasama20150520">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-opens-media-accreditation-for-next-spacex-station-resupply-launch-0 |title=NASA Opens Media Accreditation for Next SpaceX Station Resupply Launch |date=May 20, 2015 |publisher=NASA |accessdateaccess-date=May 27, 2015}}</ref> The launch was scheduled to be the [[Falcon 9 ocean booster landing tests#Falcon 9 Flight 19|third controlled-descent and landing test]] for the Falcon 9's first stage. It would have attempted to land on a new autonomous drone ship named ''[[Of Course I Still Love You]]'' – named after a ship in the novel ''[[The Player of Games]]'' by [[Iain M. Banks]].<ref name=resupplybarge>{{cite news |last1=Speck |first1=Emilee |title=SpaceX resupply launch, barge landing attempt set for Sunday |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/space/go-for-launch/os-spacex-resupply-launch-barge-landing-sunday-20150625-story.html |accessdateaccess-date=June 26, 2015 |work=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=June 25, 2015 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626150606/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/space/go-for-launch/os-spacex-resupply-launch-barge-landing-sunday-20150625-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The spacecraft was planned to stay in orbit for five weeks before returning to Earth with approximately {{convert|1400|lb|kg}} of supplies and waste.<ref name=resupplybarge />

Performance was nominal until 139 seconds into launch when a cloud of white vapor appeared, followed by a rapid loss of pressure in the liquid oxygen tank of the Falcon 9's second stage. The booster continued on its trajectory until the vehicle completely broke up several seconds later. The Dragon CRS-7 capsule was ejected from the exploding launch vehicle and continued transmitting data until it impacted with the ocean. SpaceX officials stated that it could have been recovered if the parachutes had deployed, but the software in the capsule did not include any provisions for parachute deployment in this situation.<ref name=nsf-20150727>{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/07/saving-spaceship-dragon-contingency-chute/ |title=Saving Spaceship Dragon – Software to provide contingency chute deploy |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=July 27, 2015 |access-date=April 6, 2018}}</ref> It is assumed that the capsule crumpled and broke up on impact. Subsequent investigation traced the accident to the failure of a [[strut]] whichthat secured a high-pressure helium bottle inside the second stage's liquid -oxygen tank. With the helium pressurization system integrity breached, excess helium quickly flooded the liquid -oxygen tank, causing it to overpressurize and burst.<ref name=SpaceXJuly2015>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacex.com/news/2015/07/20/crs-7-investigation-update |title=CRS-7 Investigation Update |date=July 20, 2015 |publisher=SpaceX |accessdateaccess-date=August 7, 2015}}</ref> The report from SpaceX pointed out that the stainless -steel eye bolt was rated for a load of 10 000 {{val|10000|u=pounds}}, but failed at 2 000 {{val|2000|u=pounds}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.spacex.com/news/2015/07/20/crs-7-investigation-update | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150721152601/https://www.spacex.com/news/2015/07/20/crs-7-investigation-update | url-status = dead | archive-date = July 21, 2015 | title=CRS-7 INVESTIGATION UPDATE | publisher=SpaceX | date=July 20, 2015 | accessdateaccess-date=June 15, 2020}}</ref>

An independent investigation by NASA concluded that the most probable cause of the strut failure was a design error: instead of using a stainless -steel eye bolt made of aerospace-grade material, SpaceX chose an industrial-grade material without adequate screening and testing, and overlooked the recommended safety margin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/public_summary_nasa_irt_spacex_crs-7_final.pdf |title=NASA Independent Review Team SpaceX CRS-7 Accident Investigation Report Public Summary |publisher=NASA |date=March 12, 2018 |accessdateaccess-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref>.

NASA contracted with SpaceX for the CRS-7 mission from SpaceX and therefore determinedset the primary payload, date/time of launch, and [[orbital elements|orbital parameters]] for the Dragon [[space capsule]].

{{As of|2013|07}}, the first [[International Docking Adapter]], ''IDA-1'', was scheduled to befor delivereddelivery to the [[International Space Station]] on CRS-7.<ref name=nasa20140319>{{cite web |title=Status of Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEO) |url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/HEOC_HEOStatus_July2013_TAGGED.pdf |publisher=NASA |accessdateaccess-date=March 19, 2014 |date=July 29, 2013}}</ref>

This adapter would have been attached to one of the existing [[Pressurized Mating Adapter]]s (specifically, PMA-2 or PMA-3) and convertconverted the existing [[Androgynous Peripheral Attach System#APAS-95|APAS-95]] docking interface to the newnewer [[NASA Docking System]] (NDS).<ref name=nasa20120723>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/672214main_1-Hartman_July12_NAC_Final_508.pdf |title=International Space Station Program Status |last=Hartman |first=Dan |date=July 23, 2012 |publisher=NASA |accessdateaccess-date=August 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name=nasa20100613>{{cite web |url=http://dockingstandard.nasa.gov/Documents/Configuration-Changes-post-CDR-public-revA.pdf |title=NDS Configuration and Requirements Changes since Nov 2010 |last=Lupo |first=Chris |date=June 14, 2010 |publisher=NASA |accessdateaccess-date=August 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814205532/http://dockingstandard.nasa.gov/Documents/Configuration-Changes-post-CDR-public-revA.pdf |archivedatearchive-date=August 14, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The new adapter is intended toThese facilitateadapters futureallow [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|docking]] of newthe [[Federalnewer governmenthuman-transport spacecraft of the United[[Commercial States|U.S.Crew Program]] human-transport spacecraft. Previous United States cargo missions sinceafter the retirement of the [[Space Shuttle]] have beenwere [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|berthed]], rather than docked, while docking is considered the safer and preferred method for spacecraft carrying humans. The subsequent Cargo Dragon missions [[SpaceX CRS-9|CRS-9]] and [[SpaceX CRS-18|CRS-18]] brought docking adapters IDA-2 and IDA-3, to PMA-2 and PMA-3 respectively. They have been in use since 2020.

**92 Food [[space food|Bulk Overwrap Bag]]s, 2 Bonus Food Kits, 2 Fresh Food Kit.Kits, (including custom astronaut food cooked by British chef [[Heston Blumenthal]] for British astronaut [[Tim Peake]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11686572/Britains-first-official-astronaut-to-enjoy-fine-dining-on-space-mission.html |title=Britain's first official astronaut to enjoy fine dining on space mission |work=The Telegraph |first=Sarah |last=Knapton |date=June 21, 2015 |accessdateaccess-date=April 28, 2016}}</ref>)

*Computer Resourcesresources — {{convert|36|kg}}

**Projector Screenscreen, Sidekick, OCT Laptoplaptop &and Powerpower Supplysupply, 32GB32 GB [[MicroSDmicroSD]] Cardscards, Genericgeneric USB Cablescables, Powerpower Modulesmodules and Cardcard Readersreaders, Preloadedpreloaded [[T61p]] Hardhard Drivesdrives, CD Storagestorage Containercontainer, Network Attachednetwork-attached Storagestorage Devicesdevices, XF305 Camcorderscamcorders, RS-422 Adapteradapter Cablescables

*Vehicle Hardwarehardware — {{convert|462 |kg}}

**CHECS EHS: {{CO2}} Monitoring Assemblies, Filter Assemblies, CSA-CP/CDM Battery Assemblies, SIECE Cartridge Assemblies, Water Kit, Petri Dish Packets

**[[ISS ECLSS|ECLSS]]: 3 Pretreat Tanks, Filter Inserts, 9 KTOs, UPA FCPA, CDRS ASV, IMV Valve, Wring Collector, Water Sampling Kits, OGS ACTEX Filter, ARFTA Brine Filter Assemblies, {{chem2|O2}}/{{chem2|N2}} Pressure Sensor, NORS {{chem2|O2}} Tank, **3 PBA Assemblies, 2 MF Beds, 2 Urine Receptacles, Toilet Paper Packages, H2{{chem|H|2}} Sensor, Ammonia Cartridge Bag, PTU XFER Hose

CRS-7 would have brought a pair of modified [[Windows Holographic#Microsoft HoloLens|Microsoft HoloLenses]] to the International Space Station as part of [[Project Sidekick]]<!--Intentional redlink, article should be created -->.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alfano |first1=Andrea |title=HoloLens Is Going To Space As Sidekick In A Joint Project By NASA And Microsoft |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/63754/20150625/hololens-going-space-sidekick-joint-project-nasa-microsoft.htm |accessdateaccess-date=June 26, 2015 |work=Tech Times |date=June 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bass |first1=Dina |title=NASA to Use HoloLens on Space Station |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-25/nasa-to-use-hololens-on-space-station |accessdateaccess-date=June 26, 2015 |work=Bloomberg |date=June 25, 2015}}</ref>

After the second stage [[separation event|separation]], SpaceX planned to conduct a [[flight test]] and [[Falcon 9 ocean booster landing tests|attempt to return]] the Falcon 9's nearly- empty [[multistage rocket|first stage]] through the atmosphere and land it on a {{convert|90|x|50|m|adj=on|sp=us}} [[Floating landing platform|floating platform]] barge.<ref name="ASDS barges"/> SpaceX calls the barge an [[autonomous spaceport drone ship]] (ASDS), and this particular mission's ASDS was named ''Of Course I Still Love You''.<ref name=resupplybarge /><ref name= "ASDS barges" >

{{cite news |last1=Gebhardt |first1=Chris |last2=Bergin |first2=Chris |title=World launch markets look toward rocket reusability |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/06/world-launch-markets-rocket-reusability/ |accessdateaccess-date=June 26, 2015 |work=NASASpaceFlight.com |date=June 24, 2015}}</ref>

This would have been SpaceX's third attempt to land the booster on a floating platform after earlier tests in [[Falcon 9 Flight 1514|January 2015]] and [[Falcon 9 Flight 17|April 2015]] were not successful. The boosters were fitted with a variety of technologies to facilitate the flight test, including [[grid fins]] and [[Launch vehicle landing gear|landing legs]] to facilitate the post-mission test.<ref name="ASDS barges"/><ref name=nsf20150403>

{{cite news |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=SpaceX preparing for a busy season of missions and test milestones |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/04/spacex-preparing-busy-season-missions-test-milestones/ |accessdateaccess-date=April 4, 2015 |work=NASASpaceFlight.com |date=April 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name=nsf20150413>

{{cite news |last1=Graham |first1=William |title=SpaceX Falcon 9 scrubs CRS-6 Dragon launch due to weather |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/04/spacex-falcon-9-crs-6-dragon-stage-return/ |accessdateaccess-date=June 26, 2015 |work=NASASpaceFlight.com |date=April 13, 2015}}</ref>

{{UnmannedUncrewed ISS resupply flights}}