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→Federal government: Updated out of date information. After redistricting done in 2022, the city of Nacogdoches is no longer in TX-01. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Updated information Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{distinguish|Natchitoches, Louisiana}}
{{redirect|Nacogdoches|other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nacogdoches, Texas
| settlement_type = [[City (Texas)|City]]
| nickname = "The Oldest Town in Texas"
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| government_type = [[Council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
| leader_title = [[City Council]]
| leader_name = [[Mayor]]
| leader_title1 = [[City manager]]
| leader_name1 =
| established_title1 = Incorporated (as a town)
| established_title2 = Incorporated (as a city)
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| elevation_ft = 302
| coordinates = {{coord|31|36|32|N|94|39|3|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP
| postal_code =
| area_code = [[Area code 936|936]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
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| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1363573<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1363573}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nacogdoches''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|n|æ|k|ə|ˈ|d|oʊ|tʃ|ᵻ|s}} {{respell|NAK|ə|DOH|chis}}) is a
==History==
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===Early years===
The name, Nacogdoches, originates from the [[Caddo language|Caddo]]-speaking [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe Nakúʔkidáawtsiʔ,<ref>Edmonds, Randlett. Nusht'uhtitiʔ Hasinay: Caddo Phrasebook. Richardson, TX: Various Indian Peoples Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-884655-00-9.</ref> and the area remained a Caddo Indian settlement until the early 19th century. In 1716, Spain established a [[Christian mission|mission]] there, [[Spanish missions in Texas#Misión Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe|Misión Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe]]
[[File:Old Stone Fort, Nacogdoches, Texas.jpg|thumb|[[Old Stone Fort Museum (Texas)|Old Stone Fort Museum]], Nacogdoches, Texas]]
Colonel [[Antonio Gil Y'Barbo]], a
===1800s===
The city has been under more flags than the state of Texas, claiming nine flags. In addition to the [[six flags over Texas|Six Flags]] of Texas, it also flew under the flags of the [[Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition|Magee-Gutierrez Republic]], the [[Long Republic]], and the [[Fredonian Rebellion]]. People from the United States began moving to settle in Nacogdoches in 1820, and Texas's first English-language newspaper was published there.<ref>''The Cambridge Gazetteer of the United States and Canada''. p. 430</ref>
However, the first newspaper published (in the 1700s) was in Spanish. An edition of the newspaper (in Spanish) is preserved and shown at the local museum.
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[[File:NacDepot1.JPG|right|thumb|The recently renovated historic Nacogdoches train depot]]
[[Thomas Jefferson Rusk]] was one of the most prominent early Nacogdoches Anglo settlers. A veteran of the Texas Revolution, hero of [[battle of San Jacinto|San Jacinto]], he signed the [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] and was secretary of war during the [[Republic of Texas]]. He was president of the Texas Statehood Commission and served as one of the first two Texas U.S. Senators along with Sam Houston. He worked to establish Nacogdoches University, which operated from 1845 to 1895.<ref name="NacUni">{{cite web |
[[Sam Houston]] lived in Nacogdoches for four years prior to the Texas Revolution (1836) and opened a law office downtown. He courted Anna Raguet, daughter of one of the leading citizens, but Anna rejected him after finding that he was not divorced from his first wife [[Eliza Allen (Tennessee)|Eliza Allen]] of Tennessee.
William Goins (Goyens, Goings, Going), the son of a white mother and [[Multiracial|black]] father, operated a local inn, trucking service, and blacksmith works and maintained a plantation outside Nacogdoches on Goins Hill. He was married to a white woman and owned slaves.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blake |first=R. B.
[[File:Nacogdoches August 2017 31 (Sterne-Hoya House Museum and Library).jpg|right|thumb|[[Sterne–Hoya House Museum and Library|Sterne–Hoya House]] of [[Adolphus Sterne]], the first mayor of Nacogdoches, now a museum and library]]
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Nacogdoches also contains one of the last surviving family-owned homestead plantations in East Texas, the August Tubbe Plantation,<ref name="wtblock.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.wtblock.com/WtblockJr/JohnAugustTubbe.htm|title=Rev. John August Tubbe|website=www.wtblock.com|access-date=April 28, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202040030/http://www.wtblock.com/WtblockJr/JohnAugustTubbe.htm|archive-date=December 2, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> owned and operated by the same family which established it in 1859. August Tubbe was a German-born immigrant, who with his elderly mother, left Germany in 1858 and arrived in Nacogdoches by 1859.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giselalaudi.de/|title="JUSTINA TUBBE" von Gisela Laudi|website=www.giselalaudi.de|access-date=April 28, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911190042/http://giselalaudi.de/|archive-date=September 11, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Their lives are recounted in several books, including a historical fiction novel by Gisela Laudi entitled "I am Justina Tubbe".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giselalaudi.de/indexENGLISH.html|title=About my book: "JUSTINA TUBBE"|website=www.giselalaudi.de|access-date=April 28, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630010254/http://giselalaudi.de/indexENGLISH.html|archive-date=June 30, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tubbe plantation is historically significant in the formation of early life in East Texas, not only in its cotton and sugarcane,<ref name="wtblock.com"/> but also because it later played an important part in milled-lumber production. Tubbe Sawmill was actually the first water-, and then steam-powered, sawmill in Nacogdoches. During renovations of the Cason-Monk buildings in the early 21st century, boards stamped with Tubbe Mill logos made dating the building possible. The estate contains one of the largest privately-owned genealogical archives pertaining to the Tubbe family in existence, providing important insight into early settlers' life during the 19th century. The family has been featured in a number of German museums including the Expo2000 in Bremerhaven Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dah-bremerhaven.de/|title=Deutsches Auswandererhaus Bremerhaven|website=dah-bremerhaven.de|access-date=April 28, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319085035/http://dah-bremerhaven.de/|archive-date=March 19, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The estate and archives are privately owned and maintained by a descendant of its original founder, and are currently available for study through private appointment only. The Tubbe family is considered to be one of the "founding families" of Nacogdoches,<ref name="wtblock.com"/> making their mark in many ways spanning over 150 years. August Tubbe was responsible for not only his large 2,000-acre plantation, sawmill, and participation in Milam Masonic Lodge,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milamlodge2.com/|title=Milam Masonic Lodge 2 A.F. & A.M. Nacogdoches Texas|website=www.milamlodge2.com|access-date=April 28, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913193020/http://milamlodge2.com/|archive-date=September 13, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> but also is credited with bringing the now defunct [[Texas and New Orleans Railroad]] spur into town. Tubbe estate as a whole is now owned and managed by Thomas VonAugust Tubbe-Brown, the fifth-generation grandson of August Tubbe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genealogy.com/ftm/p/i/e/Laura-B-Pierson/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0046.html|title=Laura-B-Pierson - User Trees - Genealogy.com|website=www.genealogy.com|access-date=April 28, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202101009/http://www.genealogy.com/ftm/p/i/e/Laura-B-Pierson/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0046.html|archive-date=December 2, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
In 1859, the first oil well in Texas began operation here, but it was never so well known as [[Spindletop]], drilled in 1901 near [[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]].<ref>''Cambridge Gazetteer''. p. 430</ref> Lyne Taliaferro Barret began this operation, which was interrupted by the [[American Civil War]]. However, after the war, Barret returned to Oil Springs, an area about 13 miles east of Nacogdoches, to resume his project by acquiring another drilling contract in 1865. Barret struck oil on September 12, 1866, at a depth of 106 feet. The well
===1900s–present===
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In 1912, the [[Marx Brothers]] came to town to perform their singing act at the old Opera House (now the SFA Cole Art Center). Their performance was interrupted by a man who came inside shouting, "Runaway mule!" Most of the audience left the building, and when they filed back in, Julius (later known as [[Groucho Marx|Groucho]]) began insulting them, saying "Nacogdoches is full of roaches!" and "The jackass is the flower of Tex-ass!" Instead of becoming angry, audience members laughed. Soon afterward, Julius and his brothers decided to try their hand at comedy instead of singing, at which they had barely managed to scrape together a living. A plaque commemorating the event is posted in downtown Nacogdoches.
On January 4, 1946, [[
In the edition of March 8, 1950, of ''[[You Bet Your Life]]'', Marx said, "I was once pinched in Nacogdoches for playing [[euchre]] on the front porch of a hotel. It happened to be on a Sunday. You're not allowed to play euchre in Nacogdoches on a Sunday. As a matter of fact, the way I played it they shouldn't have allowed it on Saturday, either." Marx would often mention Nacogdoches in the show if any contestant came from Texas.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}
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*Typically, the warmest month is August.
*The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|112|°F|1
*The typical coolest month is January.
*The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-3|°F|1
*The most precipitation usually occurs in May.
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|Mar record high F = 90
|Apr record high F = 94
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F = 108
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
|Sep record high F = 112
|Oct record high F = 98
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|Dec record high F = 90
|year record high F = 112
|Jan avg record high F = 76.3
|Feb avg record high F = 79.1
|Mar avg record high F = 84.2
|Apr avg record high F = 87.7
|May avg record high F = 92.3
|Jun avg record high F = 96.6
|Jul avg record high F = 100.5
|Aug avg record high F = 101.6
|Sep avg record high F = 97.4
|Oct avg record high F = 92.1
|Nov avg record high F = 83.6
|Dec avg record high F = 77.7
|year avg record high F = 102.7
|Jan high F = 57.7
|Feb high F = 62.3
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|Dec low F = 37.5
|year low F = 55.1
|Jan avg record low F = 21.6
|Feb avg record low F = 25.3
|Mar avg record low F = 28.7
|Apr avg record low F = 37.2
|May avg record low F = 48.3
|Jun avg record low F = 62.5
|Jul avg record low F = 67.8
|Aug avg record low F = 66.1
|Sep avg record low F = 53.8
|Oct avg record low F = 38.6
|Nov avg record low F = 28.1
|Dec avg record low F = 23.6
|year avg record low F = 19.6
|Jan record low F = 5
|Feb record low F = -3
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|Dec precipitation days = 10.6
|year precipitation days = 105.5
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.0
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.0
|year snow days = 0.0
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= nws>
{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=shv
| title = NowData
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = August 21, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
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| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00416177&format=pdf
| title = Station: Nacogdoches, TX
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = August 21, 2021}}</ref>
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According to the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], Nacogdoches had a population of 32,996. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 51.2% White, 28.4% Black, 0.5% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% reporting some other race, 2.3% reporting two or more races, and 16.8% Hispanic or Latino American.<ref>2010 general profile of population and housing characteristics of Nacogdoches from the US census</ref>
At the census of 2000,<ref name="GR2" /> 29,914 people, 11,220 households, and 5,935 families resided in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,185.9
{| class="wikitable"
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[[File:Commercial Bank of Texas in Nacogdoches IMG_3982.JPG|thumb|Commercial Bank of Texas on North Street in downtown Nacogdoches]]
The economy of Nacogdoches is heavily dependent on Stephen F. Austin State University. Like many college towns in the United States, Nacogdoches businesses heavily depend on university students as customers and regularly employ them.<ref>{{cite web |author=Washington |first=Francesca |date=August 23, 2013 |title=Nacogdoches businesses excited SFA students are back |url=http://www.ktre.com/story/23242804/nacogdoches-business-excited-sfa-students-are-back
According to the city's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref name="cafr">{{cite web
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Nacogdoches is represented in the [[Texas Senate]] by Republican [[Robert Nichols (Texas politician)|Robert Nichols]], District 3, and in the [[Texas House of Representatives]] by Republican [[Travis Clardy]], District 11.
The [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]] operates the Nacogdoches District Parole Office in Nacogdoches.<ref>
===Federal government===
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* [[Leslie Ludy]], author and public speaker
* [[Thomas Jefferson Rusk]], military leader and U.S. Senator
* [[Albert Thomas (American politician)|Albert Thomas]], U.S. Representative
* [[Lera Millard Thomas]], U.S. Representative
===Athletes===
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* [[Jeremiah Trotter]], football player
* [[Thomas Walkup]], basketball player
* [[Grayson Rodriguez]], baseball player
* [[Brandon Jones (safety)]], football player
* [[Jaxon Smith-Njigba]], football player for the [[Seattle Seahawks]]
===Entertainers===
*[[Tony Frank (actor)|Tony Frank]], actor
*[[Kasey Lansdale]], actress and musician
*[[Bob Luman]], musician
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*[[Ron Raines]], actor
*[[Alana Stewart]], actress, talk show host
== In popular culture ==
In [[Cormac McCarthy]] novel [[Blood Meridian]], Nacogdoches is the location in which the main character of "The Kid" first meets main antagonist [[Judge Holden]].
Nacogdoches is referenced in [[Red Dead Online]] through the Nacogdoches saddle, available to players in the game.
==See also==
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