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{{distinguish|Natchitoches, Louisiana}}
{{redirect|Nacogdoches|other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nacogdoches, Texas
| settlement_type = [[City (Texas)|City]]
| nickname = "The Oldest Town in Texas"
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| government_type = [[Council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
| leader_title = [[City Council]]
| leader_name = [[Mayor]] Randy Johnson <br /> Kathleen Belanger <br /> Brad Maule <br /> Chad Huckaby <br /> Blane
| leader_title1 = [[City manager]]
| leader_name1 = Richard K. “Rick” Beverlin, III
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| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1363573<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1363573}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nacogdoches''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|n|æ|k|ə|ˈ|d|oʊ|tʃ|ᵻ|s}} {{respell|NAK|ə|DOH|chis}}) is a city in [[East Texas]] and the [[county seat]] of [[Nacogdoches County, Texas]],<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> United States. The [[2010 United States Census|2020 U.S. census]] recorded the city's population at 32,147.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Geography Profile: Nacogdoches city, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4850256|access-date=2022-02-18|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> [[Stephen F. Austin State University]] is located in Nacogdoches and specializes in forestry and agriculture. Nacogdoches is also known as
==History==
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===Early years===
Evidence of settlement in the area dates back to 10,000 years ago. Nacogdoches is on or near the site of Nevantin, the primary village of the [[Nacogdoche]] tribe of [[Caddo]] Indians.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bolton
The name, Nacogdoches, originates from the [[Caddo language|Caddo]]-speaking [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe Nakúʔkidáawtsiʔ,<ref>Edmonds, Randlett. Nusht'uhtitiʔ Hasinay: Caddo Phrasebook. Richardson, TX: Various Indian Peoples Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-884655-00-9.</ref> and the area remained a Caddo Indian settlement until the early 19th century. In 1716, Spain established a [[Christian mission|mission]] there, [[Spanish missions in Texas#Misión Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe|Misión Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe]]
[[File:Old Stone Fort, Nacogdoches, Texas.jpg|thumb|[[Old Stone Fort Museum (Texas)|Old Stone Fort Museum]], Nacogdoches, Texas]]
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===1800s===
The city has been under more flags than the state of Texas, claiming nine flags. In addition to the [[six flags over Texas|Six Flags]] of Texas, it also flew under the flags of the [[Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition|Magee-Gutierrez Republic]], the [[Long Republic]], and the [[Fredonian Rebellion]]. People from the United States began moving to settle in Nacogdoches in 1820, and Texas's first English-language newspaper was published there.<ref>''The Cambridge Gazetteer of the United States and Canada''. p. 430</ref>
However, the first newspaper published (in the 1700s) was in Spanish. An edition of the newspaper (in Spanish) is preserved and shown at the local museum.
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[[File:NacDepot1.JPG|right|thumb|The recently renovated historic Nacogdoches train depot]]
[[Thomas Jefferson Rusk]] was one of the most prominent early Nacogdoches Anglo settlers. A veteran of the Texas Revolution, hero of [[battle of San Jacinto|San Jacinto]], he signed the [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] and was secretary of war during the [[Republic of Texas]]. He was president of the Texas Statehood Commission and served as one of the first two Texas U.S. Senators along with Sam Houston. He worked to establish Nacogdoches University, which operated from 1845 to 1895.<ref name="NacUni">{{cite web |
[[Sam Houston]] lived in Nacogdoches for four years prior to the Texas Revolution (1836) and opened a law office downtown. He courted Anna Raguet, daughter of one of the leading citizens, but Anna rejected him after finding that he was not divorced from his first wife [[Eliza Allen (Tennessee)|Eliza Allen]] of Tennessee.
William Goins (Goyens, Goings, Going), the son of a white mother and [[Multiracial|black]] father, operated a local inn, trucking service, and blacksmith works and maintained a plantation outside Nacogdoches on Goins Hill. He was married to a white woman and owned slaves.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blake |first=R. B.
[[File:Nacogdoches August 2017 31 (Sterne-Hoya House Museum and Library).jpg|right|thumb|[[Sterne–Hoya House Museum and Library|Sterne–Hoya House]] of [[Adolphus Sterne]], the first mayor of Nacogdoches, now a museum and library]]
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[[File:Commercial Bank of Texas in Nacogdoches IMG_3982.JPG|thumb|Commercial Bank of Texas on North Street in downtown Nacogdoches]]
The economy of Nacogdoches is heavily dependent on Stephen F. Austin State University. Like many college towns in the United States, Nacogdoches businesses heavily depend on university students as customers and regularly employ them.<ref>{{cite web |author=Washington |first=Francesca |date=August 23, 2013 |title=Nacogdoches businesses excited SFA students are back |url=http://www.ktre.com/story/23242804/nacogdoches-business-excited-sfa-students-are-back
According to the city's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref name="cafr">{{cite web
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Nacogdoches is represented in the [[Texas Senate]] by Republican [[Robert Nichols (Texas politician)|Robert Nichols]], District 3, and in the [[Texas House of Representatives]] by Republican [[Travis Clardy]], District 11.
The [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]] operates the Nacogdoches District Parole Office in Nacogdoches.<ref>
===Federal government===
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In [[Cormac McCarthy]] novel [[Blood Meridian]], Nacogdoches is the location in which the main character of "The Kid" first meets main antagonist [[Judge Holden]].
Nacogdoches is referenced in [[Red Dead Online]] through the Nacogdoches saddle, available to players in the game.
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