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{{Short description|American diplomat and political scientist (born 1954)}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
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| office = 66th [[United States Secretary of State]]
| president = [[George W. Bush]]
| deputy = {{Plain list|
* [[Richard Armitage (politician)|Richard Armitage]] * * }}
| term_start = January 26, 2005
| term_end = January 20, 2009
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| doctoral_advisor =
}}
| module2 = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
}}
<!--Please See naming conventions at WP:MOSBIO, do not add details like "Dr." or "PhD"-->'''Condoleezza Rice''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɒ|n|d|ə|ˈ|l|iː|z|ə}} {{respell|KON|də|LEE|zə}}; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and [[political science|political scientist]] who is the current director of the [[Hoover Institution]] at [[Stanford University]]. A member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], she previously served as the [[List of secretaries of state of the United States#Secretaries of state|66th]] [[United States Secretary of State|United States secretary of state]] from 2005 to 2009 and as the 19th [[National Security Advisor (United States)|U.S. national security advisor]] from 2001 to 2005.<!--DO NOT CHANGE CAPITALIZATION – SEE MOS:JOBTITLE--> Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state and the first woman to serve as national security advisor. Until the election of [[Barack Obama]] as [[President of the United States|president]] in 2008, Rice and her predecessor, [[Colin Powell]], were the highest-ranking African Americans in the history of the federal executive branch (by virtue of the secretary of state standing fourth in the [[United States presidential line of succession|presidential line of succession]]). At the time of her appointment as Secretary of State, Rice was the highest-ranking woman in the history of the United States to be in the presidential line of succession.
Rice was born in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], and grew up while the South was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]]. She obtained her bachelor's degree from the [[University of Denver]] and her master's degree from the [[University of Notre Dame]], both in political science. In 1981, she received a PhD from the School of International Studies at the University of Denver.<ref name="faculty/condoleezza">{{Cite news|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/condoleezza-rice|title=Condoleezza Rice|work=[[Stanford Graduate School of Business]]
Following her confirmation as secretary of state, Rice pioneered the policy of [[Transformational Diplomacy]] directed toward expanding the number of responsible democratic governments in the world and especially in the [[Greater Middle East]]. That policy faced challenges as [[Hamas]] captured a popular majority in [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems (with U.S. backing). While in the position, she chaired the [[Millennium Challenge Account|Millennium Challenge Corporation]]'s board of directors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcc.gov/about/boardofdirectors/index.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607012010/http://www.mcc.gov/about/boardofdirectors/index.php|archive-date=June 7, 2008 |title=Board of Directors |publisher=[[Millennium Challenge Account|Millennium Challenge Corporation]]|quote=The Secretary of State is the Chair of the Board ... |access-date=January 21, 2009}}</ref> In March 2009, Rice returned to
==Early life==
Rice was born in
In her 2017 book, ''[[Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom]]'', she writes, "My great-great-grandmother Zina on my mother's side bore five children by different slave owners" and "My great-grandmother on my father's side, Julia Head, carried the name of the slave owner and was so favored by him that he taught her to read."<ref name="ricedemocracy27">{{cite book|last1=Rice|first1=Condoleezza|title=Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom|date=2017 |publisher=Grand Central Publishing|location=New York|isbn=9781455540181|page=27}}</ref> Rice grew up in the [[Titusville, Birmingham, Alabama|Titusville]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Growing up with Condoleezza Rice|first=Emma|last=Beck|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4302605.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=February 28, 2005|access-date=September 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916043741/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4302605.stm|archive-date=September 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> neighborhood of Birmingham, and then [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama]], at a time when the South was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]]. The Rices lived on the campus of Stillman College.<ref name="tuscaloosanewshortoneducatorsrecall"/>
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===Education===
In 1967, the family moved to Denver, Colorado. She attended [[St. Mary's Academy (Cherry Hills Village)|St. Mary's Academy]], an all-girls Catholic high school in [[Cherry Hills Village, Colorado]], and graduated at age 16 in 1971.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Condoleezza Rice, Former US Secretary of State |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-condoleezza-rice-4779269 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref> Rice enrolled at the
Rice initially majored in music, and after her sophomore year, she went to the [[Aspen Music Festival and School]]. There, she later said, she met students of greater talent than herself, and she doubted her career prospects as a pianist. She began to consider an alternative major.<ref name="episode"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://magazine.du.edu/alumni/facing-forward-looking-back/ |first=Tamara |last=Chapman |title=Facing Forward, Looking Back |work=University of Denver Magazine |date=Summer 2010 |access-date=September 1, 2010 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022945/https://magazine-archive.du.edu/alumni/facing-forward-looking-back/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She attended an International Politics course taught by [[Josef Korbel]], which sparked her interest in the [[Soviet Union]] and [[international relations]]. Rice later described Korbel (who is the father of [[Madeleine Albright]], then a future U.S. Secretary of State), as a central figure in her life.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Dobbs |author-link=Michael Dobbs |title=Josef Korbel's Enduring Foreign Policy Legacy; Professor Mentored Daughter Albright and Student Rice |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/28/josef-korbels-enduring-foreign-policy-legacy/8d31958e-07e6-4aff-a3a5-0426f487c9fe/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 28, 2000 |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527091615/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/28/josef-korbels-enduring-foreign-policy-legacy/8d31958e-07e6-4aff-a3a5-0426f487c9fe/ |archive-date=May 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 1974, at age 19, Rice was inducted into the [[Phi Beta Kappa Society]], and was awarded a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]], ''[[cum laude]]'', in political science by the University of Denver. While at the University of Denver she was a member of [[Alpha Chi Omega]], Gamma Delta chapter.<ref name="test">{{cite web |url=http://www.uscaxo.com/dynamic/?Action=show_custom_content&pageid=1688 |title=Famous Alumnae |work=USC Alpha Chi Omega |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017051717/http://www.uscaxo.com/dynamic/?Action=show_custom_content&pageid=1688 |archive-date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=September 12, 2018 }}</ref> She obtained a [[master's degree]] in political science from the
From 1980 to 1981, she was a fellow at
===Early political views===
Rice was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] until 1982, when she changed her political affiliation to
==Academic career==
[[File:condi rice.jpg|thumb|upright|Condoleezza Rice during a 2005 interview on ITV in London]]
Rice was hired by
At a 1985 meeting of arms control experts at Stanford, Rice's performance drew the attention of [[Brent Scowcroft]], who had served as
Because she would have been ineligible for tenure at Stanford if she had been absent for more than two years, she returned there in 1991. She was taken under the wing of [[George Shultz]] ([[Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration|Ronald Reagan]]'s secretary of state from 1982 to 1989), who was a fellow at the
===Provost promotion===
At Stanford, in 1992, Rice volunteered to serve on the search committee to replace outgoing president [[Donald Kennedy]]. The committee ultimately recommended [[Gerhard Casper]], the provost of the University of Chicago. Casper met Rice during this search, and was so impressed that in 1993, he appointed her as Stanford's [[Provost (education)|provost]], the chief budget and academic officer of the university in 1993<ref name = "Baker, 20080403"/> and she also was granted [[tenure]] and became full [[professor]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Condoleezza Rice |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/10/15/crice.html |magazine=[[Forbes]] |date=October 18, 2001 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007071435/http://www.forbes.com/2001/10/15/crice.html |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rice was the first female, first African-American, and youngest provost in Stanford's history.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stanford's New Provost Is First Woman, Black to Hold Position|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-20-mn-37447-story.html|newspaper=LA Times|date=May 20, 1993|access-date=November 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=John Hennessy, dean of the School of Engineering, named next provost|url=https://news.stanford.edu/news/1999/april14/hennessy-414.html|work=Stanford News|date=April 14, 1999|access-date=November 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Condoleezza Rice: U.S. national security adviser |url=http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2002/black.history/stories/13.rice/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020223173824/http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2002/black.history/stories/13.rice/index.html|archive-date=February 23, 2002|work=CNN|date=February 2002 |access-date=October 27, 2008}}</ref> She was also named a [[senior fellow]] of the [[Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies|Institute for International Studies]], and a senior fellow (by courtesy) of the
Former Stanford president Gerhard Casper said the university was "most fortunate in persuading someone of Professor Rice's exceptional talents and proven ability in critical situations to take on this task. Everything she has done, she has done well; I have every confidence that she will continue that record as provost."<ref>{{cite press release |title=Casper selects Condoleezza Rice to be next Stanford provost |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |date=May 19, 1993 |url=https://news.stanford.edu/pr/93/930519Arc3267.html |access-date=October 27, 2008 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022945/https://news.stanford.edu/pr/93/930519Arc3267.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Acknowledging Rice's unique character, Casper told ''The New Yorker'' in 2002 that it "would be disingenuous for me to say that the fact that she was a woman, the fact that she was black and the fact that she was young weren't in my mind."<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Nicholas |last=Lemann |date=October 14, 2002 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |title=Without a Doubt |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/10/14/without-a-doubt-2 |url-access=subscription |page=181 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022946/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/10/14/without-a-doubt-2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=diplomatic>{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jan/16/local/me-rice16/2 |title=Not Always Diplomatic in Her First Major Post |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 16, 2005 |first=Mark Z. |last=Barabak |access-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410111510/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jan/16/local/me-rice16/2 |archive-date=April 10, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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===Return to Stanford===
During a farewell interview in early December 2008, Rice indicated she would return to Stanford and the
==Role in nuclear strategy==
In 1986, Rice was appointed special assistant to the director of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] to work on nuclear strategic planning as part of a [[Council on Foreign Relations]] fellowship. In 2005, Rice assumed office as
===North Korea===
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==Private sector==
Rice headed Chevron's committee on public policy until she resigned on January 15, 2001, to become
Rice has served as an instructor at [[MIT Seminar XXI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://semxxi.mit.edu/about/messages/from-the-director |title=From the Director: September, 2015 |last=Art |first=Robert |date=September 1, 2015 |website=MIT Seminar XXI |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]}}</ref> She also served on the [[board of directors]] for the [[Carnegie Corporation]], the [[Charles Schwab Corporation]], the [[Chevron Corporation]], [[Hewlett-Packard]], the [[Rand Corporation]], the [[Transamerica Corporation]], and other organizations.
In 1992, Rice founded the Center for New Generation, an after-school program created to raise the high school graduation numbers of [[East Palo Alto]] and eastern [[Menlo Park, California]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Condoleezza Rice to visit program she started |url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2007/05/22/condoleezza-rice-to-visit-program-she-started |first=Don |last=Kazak |work=Palo Alto Online News |date=May 22, 2007 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623094833/http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2007/05/22/condoleezza-rice-to-visit-program-she-started |archive-date=June 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> After her tenure as secretary of state, Rice was approached in February 2009 to fill an open position as a [[Pac-10]] Commissioner,<ref name=AP_20090203>{{cite news|access-date=July 8, 2011|url=http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=855740&lang=eng_news|title=Rice not interested in being Pac-10 commissioner|date=February 3, 2009|archive-date=June 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604161959/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=855740&lang=eng_news |agency=Associated Press|url-status=dead}}</ref> but chose instead to return to
In 2014, Rice joined the [[Ban Bossy]] campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls.<ref name="Jolie Lee">{{cite news |first=Jolie |last=Lee |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/03/10/ban-bossy-sheryl-sandberg-beyonce-gardner/6262309/ |title=Beyonce, Jennifer Garner, Jane Lynch join 'Ban Bossy' campaign |work=[[USA Today]]|date=May 10, 2014 |access-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728045825/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/03/10/ban-bossy-sheryl-sandberg-beyonce-gardner/6262309/ |archive-date=July 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYDNews1">{{cite news|title=Beyoncé, Jennifer Garner, Jane Lynch join prominent women in #BanBossy campaign|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/beyonce-jennifer-garner-join-banbossy-campaign-article-1.1716554|website=[[New York Daily News]]|access-date=August 8, 2014|date=March 10, 2014|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023001/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/beyonce-jennifer-garner-join-banbossy-campaign-article-1.1716554|url-status=live}}</ref>
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==Early political career==
In 1986, while an international affairs fellow of the
From 1989 through March 1991 (the period of the fall of [[Berlin Wall]] and the final days of the [[Soviet Union]]), she served in President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s administration as director, and then senior director, of Soviet and East European affairs in the
In 1991, Rice returned to her teaching position at Stanford, although she continued to serve as a consultant on the former Soviet Bloc for numerous clients in both the public and private sectors. Late that year, [[California Governor|California governor]] [[Pete Wilson]] appointed her to a bipartisan committee that had been formed to draw new state legislative and congressional districts in the state.
In 1997, she
During George W. Bush's [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]] campaign, Rice took a one-year leave of absence from
==National Security Advisor (2001–2005)==
[[File:Condoleezza Rice Colin Powell George W. Bush Donald Rumsfeld.jpg|thumb|Rice,
On December 16, 2000, Rice was named as
On January 18, 2003, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported that Rice was involved in crafting Bush's position on race-based preferences. Rice has stated that "while race-neutral means are preferable", race can be taken into account as "one factor among others" in university admissions policies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rice says race can be 'one factor' in considering admissions |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/17/rice.action/ |work=CNN|date=January 18, 2003 |access-date=November 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210195456/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/17/rice.action/ |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Terrorism===
During the summer of 2001, Rice met with [[CIA]] director [[George Tenet]] to discuss the possibilities and prevention of terrorist attacks on American targets. On July 10, 2001, Rice met with Tenet in what he referred to as an "emergency meeting"<ref name = "NYTimes-20061002 Tenet">{{cite news |first=Philip |last=Shenon |author2=Mark Mazzetti |title=Records Show Tenet Briefed Rice on Al Qaeda Threat |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/02/washington/03ricecnd.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 2, 2006 |access-date=November 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027033848/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/02/washington/03ricecnd.html |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> held at the White House at Tenet's request to brief Rice and the NSC staff about the potential threat of an impending [[al Qaeda]] attack. Rice responded by asking Tenet to give a presentation on the matter to Secretary
Rice characterized the August 6, 2001, [[President's Daily Brief]] ''[[Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US]]'' as historical information. Rice indicated "It was information based on old reporting."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB116/testimony.htm |date=April 8, 2004 |title=Excerpts from April 8, 2004 Testimony of Dr. Condoleezza Rice Before the 9/11 Commission Pertaining to The President's Daily Brief of August 6, 2001 |access-date=November 3, 2008 |work=[[9/11 Commission]] |publisher=[[National Security Archive]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825001321/http://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB116/testimony.htm |archive-date=August 25, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sean Wilentz of [[Salon magazine|''Salon'' magazine]] suggested that the PDB contained current information based on continuing investigations, including that Bin Laden wanted to "bring the fighting to America."<ref>{{cite news |first=Sean |last=Wilentz |author-link=Sean Wilentz |title=Don't know much about history |url=https://www.salon.com/2004/04/14/rice_12/ |work=[[Salon.com]] |date=April 13, 2004 |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527111824/https://www.salon.com/2004/04/14/rice_12/ |archive-date=May 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 11, 2001, Rice was scheduled to outline a new national security policy that included missile defense as a cornerstone and played down the threat of stateless terrorism.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top Focus Before 9/11 Wasn't on Terrorism |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/04/01/top-focus-before-911-wasnt-on-terrorism/a8def448-9549-4fde-913d-b69a2dd2bf25/ |date=April 1, 2004 |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Robin |last=Wright |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921170408/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/04/01/top-focus-before-911-wasnt-on-terrorism/a8def448-9549-4fde-913d-b69a2dd2bf25/ |archive-date=September 21, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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===Subpoenas===
In March 2004, Rice declined to testify before the [[9/11 Commission|National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States]] (the
In April 2007, Rice rejected, on grounds of executive privilege, a House subpoena regarding the prewar claim that Iraq sought [[Yellowcake|yellowcake uranium]] from [[Niger]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rice says Saddam questions answered |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/apr/26/20070426-120513-8451r/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |date=April 26, 2007 |access-date=November 3, 2008 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023009/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/apr/26/20070426-120513-8451r/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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In 2003 Rice, Vice President [[Dick Cheney]] and Attorney General [[John Ashcroft]] met with the CIA again and were briefed on the use of waterboarding and other methods including week-long [[sleep deprivation]], forced nudity and the use of stress positions. The Senate report says that the Bush administration officials "reaffirmed that the CIA program was lawful and reflected administration policy".<ref name=TheTimes/>
The Senate report also "suggests Miss Rice played a more significant role than she acknowledged in written testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee submitted in the autumn."<ref name=TheTimes/> At that time, she had acknowledged attending meetings to discuss the CIA's use of torture, but she claimed that she could not recall the details, and she "omitted her direct role in approving the
In a conversation with a student at
In 2015, citing her role in authorizing the use of so-called "[[enhanced interrogation techniques]]", [[Human Rights Watch]] called for the investigation of Rice "for conspiracy to torture as well as other crimes."<ref name="HRW Roadmap">{{cite journal |url=https://www.hrw.org/node/283564 |title=No More Excuses: A Roadmap to Justice for CIA Torture |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=December 2015 |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=December 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201203948/https://www.hrw.org/node/283564 |archive-date=December 1, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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{{See also|Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration|List of international trips made by Condoleezza Rice as United States Secretary of State}}
[[File:RICEBUSHSIGN.jpg|thumb|Rice signs official papers after receiving the oath of office during her ceremonial swearing in at the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]. Watching are, from left, [[Laura Bush]], Justice [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]], President
[[File:Condoleezza Rice and Michaëlle Jean.jpg|thumb|Condoleezza Rice visits [[Governor General of Canada]] [[Michaëlle Jean]] in [[Ottawa, Ontario]].]]
On November 16, 2004, Bush nominated Rice to be
As Secretary of State, Rice championed the expansion of democratic governments and other American values: "American values are universal."<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2000-01-01/campaign-2000-promoting-national-interest |last=Condoleezza |first=Rice |title=Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=79 |issue=1 |date=January 2000 |page=50 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916043748/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2000-01-01/campaign-2000-promoting-national-interest |archive-date=September 16, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> "An international order that reflects our values is the best guarantee of our enduring national interest{{nbsp}}..."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2008-06-01/rethinking-national-interest |first=Condoleezza |last=Rice |title=Rethinking the National Interest |work=[[Foreign Affairs]] |volume=87 |issue=4 |date=July 2008 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817161324/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2008-06-01/rethinking-national-interest |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rice stated that the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001 were rooted in "oppression and despair" and so, the U.S. must advance democratic reform and support basic rights throughout the greater Middle East.<ref name=wilson>{{cite press release |title=Princeton University's Celebration of the 75th Anniversary Of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=September 30, 2005 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/54176.htm |access-date=November 3, 2008 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023026/https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/54176.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
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[[File:2006 02 22 riyadh1 600al-Faisal-Rice.jpg|thumb|Rice with Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister [[Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Saud al-Faisal]] in 2006]]
As Secretary of State, Rice traveled heavily and initiated many diplomatic efforts on behalf of the Bush administration;<ref name="reut-trav"/> she holds the record for most miles logged in the position.<ref name="nyt-amplified">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/us/politics/scare-amplifies-fears-that-clintons-work-has-taken-heavy-toll.html |title=Scare Adds to Fears That Clinton's Work Has Taken Toll |last=Landler |first=Mark |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 4, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912165655/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/us/politics/scare-amplifies-fears-that-clintons-work-has-taken-heavy-toll.html%26pagewanted%3Dall%26_r%3D0 |archive-date=September 12, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her diplomacy relied on strong presidential support and is considered to be the continuation of style defined by former Republican secretaries of state [[Henry Kissinger]] and
[[File:Rice and Putin.jpg|thumb|right|Condoleezza Rice speaks with [[Vladimir Putin]] during her April 2005 trip to Russia.]]
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After the end of the Bush Administration, Rice returned to academia and joined the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/membership/roster?letter=R|title=Membership Roster|work=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=August 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818110259/https://www.cfr.org/membership/roster?letter=R|archive-date=August 18, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Public appearances and commentary ===
In October 2010, Rice met with President Obama for a discussion on national security issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2010/10/15/rice-meets-with-obama/|title=Rice meets with Obama|date=October 15, 2010|publisher=Denver Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rollcall.com/2010/10/14/obama-to-hold-oval-office-meeting-with-rice-on-friday/|title=Obama to Hold Oval Office Meeting With Rice on Friday|date=October 14, 2010|publisher=Roll Call}}</ref> In November, Rice participated in the groundbreaking of the [[George W. Bush Presidential Center]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smu.edu/news/2010/bush-center-groundbreaking-16nov2010|title=The George W. Bush Presidential Center breaks ground at SMU|date=November 16, 2010|publisher=SMU}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cecildaily.com/news/bush-presidential-library-groundbreaking/article_7360fd38-f1e1-11df-b5ef-001cc4c002e0.html|title=Bush presidential library groundbreaking|date=November 17, 2010|publisher=cecildaily.com}}</ref> Two years later, Rice introduced world leaders such as [[Tony Blair]] and [[Jose Maria Aznar]] at the center's dedication ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/general-news-27422e8136294b8d9a0d3e2e8c372529|title=Rice welcomes leaders to Bush library ceremony|date=April 25, 2013|publisher=AP News}}</ref>
In May 2011, after the [[killing of Osama bin Laden]], Rice told [[Zain Verjee]] that bin Laden's death was "gratifying because for our country this brings an important chapter to a close and it shows that the United States can, with patience and persistence, do something like this." She argued against removing troops from Afghanistan until the US finished helping the country "get more decent governance".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/condoleezza-rice-on-bin-ladens-death/|title=Condoleezza Rice on bin Laden's Death|date=May 3, 2011|publisher=CNN}}</ref> That year, she appeared as herself on the [[NBC]] sitcom ''[[30 Rock]]'' in the [[30 Rock (season 5)|fifth-season]] episode "[[Everything Sunny All the Time Always]]", in which she engages in a classical-music duel with [[Jack Donaghy]] ([[Alec Baldwin]]). Within the world of the show, Donaghy had had a relationship with Rice during the show's first season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2011/04/condoleezza-rices-strange-30-rock-cameo/350146/|title=Condoleezza Rice's Strange '30 Rock' Cameo|first=Ray|last=Gustini|date=April 29, 2011|publisher=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2011/04/condoleezza_rice_was_pretty_go.html|title=Condoleezza Rice Was Pretty Good on 30 Rock Last Night|date=April 29, 2011|first=Margaret|last=Lyons|publisher=Vulture}}</ref>
It was announced in 2013 that Rice was writing a book to be published in 2015 by [[Henry Holt & Company]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Condoleezza Rice to Write Book for Henry Holt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/business/media/condoleezza-rice-to-write-book-for-henry-holt.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Leslie |last=Kaufman |date=March 19, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023027/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/business/media/condoleezza-rice-to-write-book-for-henry-holt.html |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
In May 2012, Rice served as the keynote speaker at the [[Southern Methodist University]] commencement ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/education/2012/05/13/condoleezza-rice-offers-education-as-inspiration-during-smu-commencement-speech/|title=Condoleezza Rice offers education as inspiration during SMU commencement speech|date=May 12, 2012|publisher=Dallas News}}</ref> Rice delivered a speech at the [[2012 Republican National Convention]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/condoleezza-rice-rnc-speech-transcript-080402|title=Condoleezza Rice RNC speech (text, video)|date=August 29, 2012|publisher=Politico}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/condi-rice-speech-republican-national-convention-2012-8|title=The GOP Convention Went Nuts For Condi Rice's Speech|date=August 29, 2012|first=Brett|last=LoGiurato|publisher=Business Insider}}</ref> Daniel W. Drezner of ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' praised Rice's address as the best speech of the convention.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/08/30/if-you-skip-that-first-paragraph-condoleezza-rice-gave-a-great-speech/|title=If you skip that first paragraph, Condoleezza Rice gave a great speech|date=August 30, 2012|publisher=Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
In 2013, Rice charged Iran with having "done everything to make certain that you can't trust them", citing Iran's decades-long hiding of its nuclear program and giving the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] "the runaround."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/condoleezza-rice-iran-absolutely-cannot-be-trusted/|title=Condoleezza Rice: Iran "absolutely" cannot be trusted|date=October 2, 2013|publisher=CBS News}}</ref> In 2015, Rice initially declined taking a public position on [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] "because I know how hard it is to be in there as opposed to out here", but added, "This particular deal I think has some good elements but the price that was paid was pretty high. It’s entirely possible that they are already at threshold status and we will never know it."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/obama-administration-attacked-by-condoleezza-rice-over-iran-nuclear-deal-a6714026.html|title=Obama administration attacked by Condoleezza Rice over Iran nuclear deal|date=October 29, 2015|publisher=Independent}}</ref> As the Trump administration weighed pulling out of the agreement, Rice said she would have "stayed in for alliance management reasons more than anything else" and charged the verification methods of the deal as not being "very strong."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/385626-condoleezza-rice-defends-trump-leaving-iran/|title=Condoleezza Rice defends Trump leaving Iran nuclear deal|first=Mallory|last=Shelbourne|work=The Hill|date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2018-05-02/quitting-iran-deal-a-bad-idea-but-not-end-of-world-rice-says?embedded-checkout=true|title=Quitting Iran Deal a Bad Idea But Not End of World, Condoleezza Rice Says|first=Daniel|last=Flatley|date=May 2, 2018|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref>
In August 2015, [[High Point University]] announced that Rice would speak at the 2016 commencement ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highpoint.edu/blog/2015/08/condoleezza-rice-to-serve-as-hpus-2016-commencement-speaker/|title=Condoleezza Rice To Serve As 2016 Commencement Speaker|author=High Point University|date=August 18, 2015|work=High Point University|access-date=August 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825075058/http://www.highpoint.edu/blog/2015/08/condoleezza-rice-to-serve-as-hpus-2016-commencement-speaker/|archive-date=August 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Her commencement address was highlighted by ''[[The Huffington Post]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/condoleeza-rice-high-point-university_us_572fa01ce4b0bc9cb0472f44|title=Condoleeza Rice Tells Grads To Find People They Disagree WIth|date=May 17, 2016|website=The Huffington Post|access-date=May 27, 2016|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023123/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/condoleeza-rice-high-point-university_n_572fa01ce4b0bc9cb0472f44|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/05/25/women-best-advice-grads/|title=8 Inspiring Women Leaders Share Their Best Advice For 2016 Grads|date=May 25, 2016|website=Fortune|access-date=May 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528121715/http://fortune.com/2016/05/25/women-best-advice-grads/|archive-date=May 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Business Insider]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BFy71wpKTPu/|title=Instagram photo by Business Insider • May 24, 2016 at 3:58pm UTC|website=Instagram|access-date=May 27, 2016|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023040/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=%2Fp%2FBFy71wpKTPu%2F|url-status=live}}</ref> [[NBC News]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', and ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/04/30/rutgers-condoleezza-rice-protest/8508397/|title=Rutgers students decry Rice as commencement speaker|website=USA Today|language=en|access-date=February 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219190439/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/04/30/rutgers-condoleezza-rice-protest/8508397/|archive-date=February 19, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Condoleezza Rice and Donald Trump in the Oval Office, March 2017.jpg|thumb|Rice with President [[Donald Trump]], March 31, 2017]]
On January 26, 2017, Rice participated in a talk with the [[University of San Francisco]], where she opined the United States had entered "uncharted territory" with President [[Donald Trump]] due to his lack of government experience and that the new president should be given time to realize the limitations of his powers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Condoleezza-Rice-in-SF-talk-says-Trump-and-10887970.php|title=Condoleezza Rice, in SF talk, says Trump and nation must adjust|first=Erin|last=Allday|newspaper=SFGate}}</ref>
Rice supported the Trump administration "painting a very bleak picture for the Chinese", opining that the cabinet saw the region as the only country with leverage over North Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/349005-condoleezza-rice-supports-administration-painting-a-bleak-picture-of/|title=Condoleezza Rice: Trump right to paint 'bleak picture' of North Korea|first=Josh|last=Delk|date=September 2, 2017|work=The Hill}}</ref> In 2018, Rice called decisions by North Korean leader [[Kim Jong Un]] to make overtures to the South Koreans "clever" and expressed that he was more isolated and reckless than his father.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/14/politics/condoleezza-rice-david-axelrod-kim-jong-un-cnntv/index.html|title=Condoleezza Rice: Kim Jong Un is 'actually pretty clever'|date=January 14, 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ahead of the [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|Singapore Summit]], Rice stated her support for negotiations with North Korea, but warned the US should "go step by step, make sure there's good verification of everything the North Koreans are doing, and keep your eye on the prize of denuclearization. Because what we want to do is stop them short of threatening the American homeland."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/condoleezza-rice-north-korea-kim-jong-un-meeting-with-trump/|title=Condoleezza Rice warns ahead of North Korea talks: "Beware"|date=May 1, 2018|first=Jean|last=Song|publisher=CBS News}}</ref>
By September 2019, Rice publicly stated her dislike for Trump's rhetoric, especially on immigration, and warned that Trump needed "to be a lot more careful in the way that he speaks about these things because race is a very delicate and raw nerve in America."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://defendernetwork.com/news/national/condoleezza-rice-wants-trump-to-be-more-careful-with-his-rhetoric-insists-we-need-to-all-back-off/|title=Condoleezza Rice wants Trump to be 'More careful' with his Rhetoric, insists we 'need to all back off'|date=September 18, 2019|publisher=defendernetwork.com}}</ref> In November, as House Democrats moved forward with their impeachment inquiry into President Trump for his correspondence with Ukraine, Rice commented that she did not "like for the President of the United States to mention an American citizen for investigation to a foreign leader" and that she was troubled by "a state of conflict between the foreign policy professionals and someone in Rudy Giuliani who says he was acting on behalf of the President."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/12/politics/condoleezza-rice-donald-trump-zelensky-call-joe-biden/index.html|title=Condoleezza Rice says Trump asking Ukraine to investigate Biden is 'out of bounds'|first=Devan|last=Cole|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=CNN}}</ref>
In August 2021, Rice wrote an op-ed arguing that the United States withdrew from Afghanistan too quickly and called claims that Afghans were to blame for Taliban takeover a "corrosive and deeply unfair narrative".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/condoleeza-rice-bush-afghanistan-taliban-b1904679.html|title=Condoleezza Rice speaks out on Afghan withdrawal: 'The Afghan people didn't choose the Taliban'|date=August 18, 2021|publisher=Independent}}</ref> In October, Rice appeared as a guest cohost on ''[[The View (talk show)|The View]]'', where she asserted that Americans were more interested in household issues than continuing to investigate the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/condoleezza-rice-january-6-riot-move-on-lawmakers-economy-2021-10|title=Condoleezza Rice says Jan. 6 riot was 'wrong' and yet lawmakers should 'move on' as Americans are more concerned about 'their kitchen-table issues'|date=October 24, 2021|publisher=Business Insider|first=John L.|last=Dorman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2021/10/21/condoleezza-rice-the-view-time-move-on-jan-6/6116419001/|title=Condoleezza Rice says that while Jan. 6 Capitol riot was 'wrong,' it's time to move on|first=Gabriela|last=Miranda|date=October 21, 2021|publisher=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/10/21/condoleezza-rice-the-view-capitol-riot/|title=Condoleezza Rice said she cried on Jan. 6, but it's time to 'move on'|date=October 21, 2021|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> In December, Rice joined [[Governor of Alabama]] [[Kay Ivey]] in Birmingham to announce the recommendations of the Alabama Innovation Commission, which had worked with the Hoover Institution, on means of advancing statewide technology and entrepreneurship.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbs42.com/news/local/gov-kay-ivey-condoleezza-rice-share-plans-to-grow-states-economy/|title=Gov. Kay Ivey, Condoleezza Rice share plans to grow Alabama's economy|date=December 14, 2021|first=Michael|last=Clark|publisher=CBS42}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al.com/news/2021/12/gov-ivey-condoleezza-rice-tout-vision-for-innovation-in-alabama.html|title=Gov. Ivey, Condoleezza Rice, tout vision for innovation in Alabama|date=December 14, 2021|publisher=AL.com}}</ref>
In April 2022, Rice attended Madeleine Albright's funeral, where she delivered a reading from the Bible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-clintons-lead-tributes-deceased-secretary-state-madeleine-albright-2022-04-27/|title=Biden, Clintons herald Madeleine Albright as force for good at Washington funeral|date=April 27, 2022|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> In July, Rice participated in an Aspen Security Forum with fellow former National Security Advisors [[Thomas E. Donilon]] and [[Stephen Hadley]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jewishinsider.com/2022/07/condoleeza-rica-aspen-security-forum-israel-saudi-arabia/|title=Rice: Israel's booming tech sector key to warming relations in region|date=July 25, 2022|first=Melissa|last=Weiss|publisher=Jewish Insider}}</ref> In October, Rice met with Secretary of State [[Antony Blinken]] at the Hoover Institution Hauck Auditorium and asked the incumbent about issues such as protests in Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2022/10/17/secretary-of-state-antony-blinken-visits-campus-seeks-to-harness-technology-to-solve-global-challenges-on-americas-terms/|title=Secretary of State Antony Blinken visits campus, seeks to harness technology to solve global challenges on America's terms|date=October 17, 2022|publisher=Stanford Daily}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ktvu.com/news/secretary-of-state-antony-blinken-sits-down-with-condoleezza-rice-at-stanford|title=Secretary of State Antony Blinken sits down with Condoleezza Rice at Stanford|first=Ann|last=Rubin|date=October 17, 2022|publisher=ktuv.com}}</ref>
In 2023, after former President Trump and [[Governor of Florida]] [[Ron DeSantis]] criticized US support for Ukraine, Rice stressed the need for any potential presidential candidates to understand the essence of the conflict, which she defined as "defending a rules-based system that says might doesn’t make right, you can’t just extinguish your neighbor."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/3874824-condoleezza-rice-warns-gop-candidates-against-pulling-back-from-ukraine-these-conflicts-always-come-home/|title=Condoleezza Rice warns GOP candidates against pulling back from Ukraine: 'These conflicts always come home'|date=February 26, 2023|work=The Hill}}</ref>
=== Author ===
In February 2009, it was announced that Rice had signed a three-book deal with [[Crown Publishers]] worth at least $2.5 million. Crown reported that Rice would "combine candid narrative and acute analysis to tell the story of her time in the White House and as America's top diplomat, and her role in protecting American security and shaping foreign policy during the extraordinary period from 2001-2009."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/condoleezza-rice-agrees-three-book-deal-wbna29333317|title=Condoleezza Rice agrees to a three-book deal|date=February 22, 2009|publisher=Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2009/02/23/rice-crown-agree-to-3-book-deal/|title=Rice, Crown agree to 3-book deal|date=February 23, 2009|publisher=Tampa Bay Times}}</ref> In 2010, Rice released ''Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family'', an account of her upbringing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2010/11/05/review-extraordinary-ordinary-people/|title=Review: 'Extraordinary, Ordinary People'|first=Micah|last=Siegel|date=November 5, 2010 |publisher=The Stanford Daily}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/10/12/rice.memoir/index.html|title=Condoleezza Rice's civil rights era memoir goes on sale|date=October 12, 2010|first=Pamela|last=Sellers|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/condoleezza-rice-reveals-details-of-first-memoir/|title=Condoleezza Rice Reveals Details of First Memoir|date=January 26, 2010|first=Dave|last=Itzkoff}}</ref> [[John McWhorter]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' summarized, "If there is a lesson from Rice’s book, it is that the civil rights revolution made it possible for an extremely talented black person (a woman, no less) to embrace a race-neutral subject and ride it into service as secretary of state, all the while thinking of herself largely as just a person."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/books/review/McWhorter-t.html|title=A Life Between|date=October 15, 2010|work=The New York Times|first=John|last=McWhorter}}</ref> In 2011, Rice wrote ''No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington'', a memoir of her time in the Bush administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/books/la-xpm-2011-nov-04-la-et-1105-book-20111105-story.html|title=Book review: Condoleezza Rice is thorough in 'No Higher Honor'|date=November 4, 2011|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204528204577009732948841296|title=Present at the Re-creation|date=November 1, 2011|first=Stephen F.|last=Hayes|publisher=Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rice-reflects-bush-tenure-gadhafi-memoir/story?id=14846833|title=Rice reflects on Bush tenure, Gadhafi in new memoir|date=October 30, 2011|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> In an interview with [[George Stephanopoulos]], Rice explained that she chose the title "because there really is no higher honor than serving your country" and named the Bush administration's attempts to consider "a different kind of Middle East" the hardest challenge they faced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/11/full-transcript-george-stephanopoulos-and-condoleezza-rice|title=Full Transcript: George Stephanopoulos and Condoleezza Rice|date=November 2, 2011|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> Susan Chira wrote that the book "shows us two Condoleezza Rices: one, the impatient unilateralist who was national security adviser, the other the born-again diplomat who, as secretary of state, worked to repair some of the damage that had been done to American credibility by its unilateralism."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/books/review/no-higher-honor-a-memoir-of-my-years-in-washington-by-condoleezza-rice-book-review.html|title=Condoleezza Rice Looks Back|first=Susan|last=Chira|work=The New York Times|date=December 9, 2011}}</ref>
▲It was announced in 2013 that Rice was writing a book to be published in 2015 by [[Henry Holt & Company]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Condoleezza Rice to Write Book for Henry Holt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/business/media/condoleezza-rice-to-write-book-for-henry-holt.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Leslie |last=Kaufman |date=March 19, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023027/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/business/media/condoleezza-rice-to-write-book-for-henry-holt.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2017, Rice released ''[[Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom]]'', a book in which she makes the case for democracy over totalitarianism or authoritarianism.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mead|first1=Walter Russell|title=America First? No, Says Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/03/books/review/democracy-stories-long-road-to-freedom-condoleezza-rice.html|accessdate=January 1, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=May 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ikenberry|first1=G. John|title=Democracy: Stories From the Long Road to Freedom|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2017-08-15/democracy-stories-long-road-freedom|accessdate=January 1, 2018|work=Foreign Affairs|date=September–October 2017}}</ref> In an interview, Rice said she began writing the book three years before its release and pondered that her desire to write about democracy stemmed from her youth in Birmingham "when black citizens did not experience full democracy" under segregation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/05/15/condoleezza-rice-the-full-transcript-215133/|title=Condoleezza Rice: The Full Transcript|date=May 15, 2017|first=Susan B.|last=Glasser|publisher=Politico}}</ref>
===College Football Playoff Selection Committee===
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During an interview with the editorial board of ''[[The Washington Times]]'' on March 27, 2008, Rice said she was "not interested" in running for vice president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Transcript of Secretary Condoleezza Rice's Interview with the Washington Times Editorial Board |work=The Washington Times |publisher=United States Department of State |date=March 28, 2008 |access-date=March 28, 2008 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/03/102757.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205075814/http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/03/102757.htm |archive-date=February 5, 2009 |url-status=live }}Question: "And would you consider vice president?" Rice: "Not interested."</ref> In a [[Gallup poll]] from March 24 to 27, 2008, Rice was mentioned by eight percent of Republican respondents to be their first choice to be [[John McCain]]'s Republican vice presidential running mate, slightly behind [[Mike Huckabee]] and [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video_log/2008/04/gallup_polls_on_gop_vp_prefere.html |title=Gallup Polls on GOP VP Preferences |work=[[RealClearPolitics]] |date=April 4, 2008 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023027/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video_log/2008/04/gallup_polls_on_gop_vp_prefere.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Republican strategist [[Dan Senor]] said on ABC's ''[[This Week (ABC TV series)|This Week]]'' on April 6, 2008, that "Condi Rice has been actively, actually in recent weeks, campaigning for" the vice presidential nomination. He based this assessment on her attendance of [[Grover Norquist]]'s [[Americans for Tax Reform]] conservative leader's meeting on March 26, 2008.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mary |last=Bruce |title=Dan Senor: Condoleezza Rice Is Pursuing the VP Spot |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=April 6, 2008 |url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/04/dan-senor-condo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407194621/http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/04/dan-senor-condo.html |archive-date=April 7, 2008 |access-date=September 12, 2018 }}</ref> In response to Senor's comments, Rice's spokesperson denied that Rice was seeking the vice presidential nomination, saying, "If she is actively seeking the vice presidency, then she's the last one to know about it."<ref>{{cite news|first=Glenn |last=Kessler |author-link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |title=Rice: Still Not Running for VP |url=http://blog.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/04/07/rice_still_not_running_for_vp.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 7, 2008 |access-date=November 3, 2008 |quote=[[Sean McCormack|McCormack]] dismissed both as perfectly ordinary. 'I think if you look back at her tenure, in terms of her activities, you will find all of these activities perfectly normal and consistent with the way she has done her job over the past three years or so,' he said. 'If she is actively seeking the vice presidency, then she's the last one to know about it.' |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326212451/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/04/07/rice_still_not_running_for_vp.html |archive-date=March 26, 2012 }}</ref>
In August 2008, the speculation about a potential McCain–Rice ticket finally ended when then-Governor [[Sarah Palin]] of Alaska was selected as McCain's running-mate.
In early December 2008, Rice praised President-elect
Rumors arose once again during the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 presidential race]] that presumptive nominee [[Mitt Romney]] was looking into vetting Rice for the vice presidency. Rice once again denied any such intentions or desires to become the vice president, reiterating in numerous interviews that she "is a policy maker, not a politician."<ref>{{cite web|title=Condoleezza Rice's thoughts on a vice presidency|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6r4mqNmjXo|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-01-13|website=YouTube|archive-date=December 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230233702/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6r4mqNmjXo}}</ref> Speculation ended in August 2012 when Romney announced that Representative [[Paul Ryan]] was chosen as his running-mate.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 11, 2012 |title=Mitt Romney chooses Paul Ryan as running mate |url=https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/08/11/mitt-romney-chooses-paul-ryan-as-running-mate}}</ref> Rice campaigned for the Romney-Ryan ticket in the general election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/10/condoleezza-rice-joins-paul-ryan-on-the-campaign-trail|title=Condoleezza Rice Joins Paul Ryan on the Campaign Trail|date=October 17, 2012|first=Shushannah|last=Walshe|publisher=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2012/10/17/condoleezza-rice-gives-paul-ryan-a-boost/|title=Condoleezza Rice gives Paul Ryan a boost|first=Felicia|last=Sonmez|date=October 17, 2012|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>
According to [[Bob Woodward]]'s 2018 book ''[[Fear: Trump in the White House]]'', then-[[Republican National Committee]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] told then Republican nominee Donald Trump, that he should drop out of the race for the good of the party following the release of the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|''Access Hollywood'' tapes]]. During these discussions, it was revealed that [[Mike Pence]], the vice presidential nominee, had agreed to replace Trump on the top of the ticket as the Republican presidential nominee, with Rice agreeing to be Pence's running mate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Here are the top takeaways from Bob Woodward's new book on Donald Trump|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/top-takeaways-bob-woodwards-book-donald-trump/story?id=57611974|date=September 4, 2018|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref>
While promoting his book ''[[Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants]]'', former President Bush revealed he wrote-in Rice in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]] and said that although Rice was aware of the vote, she told him she "would refuse to accept the office."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/23/george-w-bush-2020-presidential-election-vote-condoleezza-rice|title=George W Bush reveals he voted for Condoleezza Rice in 2020 US election|date=April 23, 2021|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/23/politics/george-w-bush-condoleezza-rice-2020-election/index.html|title=Bush says he wrote in Condoleezza Rice for president in 2020|first=Veronica|last=Stracqualurs|date=April 23, 2021|publisher=CNN}}</ref>
==Political positions==
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[[File:Rangin Dadfar Spanta et Condoleezza Rice.jpg|thumb|Rice meets with Afghan Foreign Minister [[Rangin Dadfar Spanta]] to discuss anti-terrorism efforts, 2006]]
Rice's policy as
Rice has promoted the idea that counterterrorism involves not only confronting the governments and organizations that promote and condone terrorism, but also the ideologies that fuel terrorism. In a speech given on July 29, 2005, Rice asserted that "[s]ecuring America from terrorist attack is more than a matter of law enforcement. We must also confront the ideology of hatred in foreign societies by supporting the universal hope of liberty and the inherent appeal of democracy."<ref>{{cite web |work=U.S. State Department |url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/50375.htm |title=Remarks With Senator Richard Lugar on the U.S. Department of State and the Challenges of the 21st century |date=July 29, 2005 |access-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232931/http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/50375.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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==Legacy==
[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 050515-F-0571C-017.jpg|thumb|Rice greets U.S. military personnel at the American Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq, on May 15, 2005.]]
Rice has appeared four times on the [[Time 100]], [[Time magazine|''Time'' magazine]]'s list of the world's 100 most influential people. Rice is one of only nine people in the world whose influence has been considered enduring enough to have made the list—first compiled in 1999 as a retrospective of the 20th century and made an annual feature in 2004—so frequently. However, the list contains people who have the influence to change for better or for worse, and ''Time'' has also accused her of squandering her influence, stating on February 1, 2007, that her "accomplishments as Secretary of State have been modest, and even those have begun to fade" and that she "has been slow to recognize the extent to which the U.S.'s prestige has declined."<ref>{{cite magazine |first1=Elaine |last1=Shannon |first2=Romesh |last2=Ratnesar |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1584810,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204074544/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1584810,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2007 |title=Rice's Toughest Mission: How Condoleezza Rice hopes to bring peace to the Middle East - and salvage the Administration's foreign policy |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 1, 2007 |access-date=September 12, 2018 }}</ref> In its March 19, 2007, issue it followed up stating that Rice was "executing an unmistakable course correction in U.S. foreign policy."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1597226,00.html |title=Cheney In Twilight |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 19, 2007 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406151439/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1597226,00.html |archive-date=April 6, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2004 and 2005, she was ranked as the most powerful woman in the world by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine and number two in 2006 (following the [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|chancellor of Germany]], [[Angela Merkel]]).<ref>{{cite news |last1=MacDonald |first1=Elizabeth |first2=Chana R. |last2=Schoenberger |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/08/31/most-powerful-women_cz_em_06women_0831intro.html |title=The World's Most Powerful Women |work=[[Forbes]] |date=September 1, 2006 |access-date=August 16, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023032/https://www.forbes.com/2006/08/31/most-powerful-women_cz_em_06women_0831intro.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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[[File:Rice and Downer at the Reagan Library May 23, 2007.jpg|thumb|Rice and Australian Foreign Minister [[Alexander Downer]] participate in a news conference at the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]] in [[Simi Valley]], [[California]], 2007.]]
In August 2005, American musician, actor, and [[social activist]] [[Harry Belafonte]], who
Rice dismissed these criticisms during a September 14, 2005 interview when she said, "Why would I worry about something like that? ... The fact of the matter is I've been black all my life. Nobody needs to tell me how to be black."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/53155.htm |title=Interview with Bill O'Reilly of the O'Reilly Factor on Fox News |via=state.gov |work=[[O'Reilly Factor]] |date=September 14, 2005 |access-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022055436/http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/53155.htm |archive-date=October 22, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Black commentators have defended Rice, including [[Mike Espy]],<ref>{{cite news |via=[[Mmegi]] |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/2005/October/Tuesday25/825547845951.html |archive-date=March 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303100627/http://www.mmegi.bw/2005/October/Tuesday25/825547845951.html |title=Mrs President |date=October 25, 2005 |access-date=August 16, 2018 }}</ref> [[Andrew Young]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=CNN.com - Transcripts |url=https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/ip/date/2005-01-25/segment/01 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=transcripts.cnn.com}}</ref> [[C. Delores Tucker]] (chair of the National Congress of Black Women),
==Family and personal life==
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Rice's mother, Angelena Rice, died of breast cancer in 1985, aged 61, when Rice was 30.<ref>{{cite web |last=Reitwiesner |first=William Addams |url=http://www.wargs.com/political/rice.html |title=The Ancestors of Condoleezza Rice |work=WARGS |author-link=William Addams Reitwiesner |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916043910/http://www.wargs.com/political/rice.html |archive-date=September 16, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1989, Rice's father, John Wesley Rice, wed Clara Bailey,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/29/us/john-wesley-rice-jr-77-father-of-bush-adviser.html |title=John Wesley Rice Jr., 77, Father of Bush Adviser |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 29, 2000 |access-date=January 20, 2009 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023040/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/29/us/john-wesley-rice-jr-77-father-of-bush-adviser.html |url-status=live }}</ref> to whom he remained married until his death in 2000, aged 77.<ref name="Ancestry of Condoleezza Rice">{{cite web |first=William Addams |last=Reitwiesner |url=http://www.wargs.com/political/rice.html |title=Ancestry of Condoleezza Rice |access-date=March 8, 2010 |author-link=William Addams Reitwiesner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202003701/http://wargs.com/political/rice.html |archive-date=December 2, 2010 |url-status=live }}{{self-published source|date=March 2010}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=March 2010}}
From 2003 to 2017, Rice co-owned a home in [[Palo Alto, California]] with Randy Bean. According to public records, the two initially purchased the home with a third investor,
On August 20, 2012, Rice was one of the first two women to be admitted as members to [[Augusta National Golf Club]]; the other was [[South Carolina]] financier [[Darla Moore]].<ref name="augusta">{{cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/8284599/augusta-national-adds-first-two-female-members |title=Augusta adds first woman members |work=ESPN.com |date=August 20, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817125018/http://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/8284599/augusta-national-adds-first-two-female-members |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, Rice was named to the [[ESPNW]] Impact 25.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/impact25/slideshow/12020053/19/condoleezza-rice-60-former-secretary-state-college-football-playoff-selection-committee-member |title=2014 espnW Impact 25|work=espnW|access-date=August 27, 2015}}</ref>
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===Music===
[[File:yoyoma rice.jpg|thumb|[[Yo-Yo Ma]] and Rice after performing together at the 2001 National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal Awards, April 22, 2002]]
At the age of 15, she played Mozart with the [[Denver Symphony Orchestra|Denver Symphony]], and while Secretary of State she played regularly with a chamber music group in Washington.<ref name=tommasini/> She does not play professionally, but has performed at diplomatic events at embassies, including a performance for [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/3540634/Condoleezza-Rice-plays-piano-for-the-Queen.html |title=Condoleezza Rice plays piano for the Queen |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=December 1, 2008 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022946/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/3540634/Condoleezza-Rice-plays-piano-for-the-Queen.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7759872.stm |title=Rice performs recital for the Queen |work=[[BBC News]] |date=December 2, 2008 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140234/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7759872.stm |archive-date=July 30, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and she has performed in public with cellist
In 2005, Rice accompanied [[Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick#cite note-0|Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick]], a 21-year-old soprano, for a benefit concert for the Pulmonary Hypertension Association at the Kennedy Center in Washington.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Lantos-the-master-storyteller-communicator-2626195.php |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |first=Edward |last=Epstein |date=January 1, 2007 |title=Lantos the master storyteller, communicator |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022947/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Lantos-the-master-storyteller-communicator-2626195.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/condoleezza-rice-plays-it-again-for-charity-2sz855bkkd7 |location=London |work=[[The Times]] |first=Roland |last=Watson |title=Condoleezza Rice plays it again for Charity |date=June 13, 2005 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022947/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/condoleezza-rice-plays-it-again-for-charity-2sz855bkkd7 |url-status=live }}</ref> She performed briefly during her cameo appearance in the "[[Everything Sunny All the Time Always]]" episode of ''[[30 Rock]]''. She has stated that her favorite composer is [[Johannes Brahms]], because she thinks Brahms's music is "passionate but not sentimental."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tommasini |first=Anthony |date=2006-04-09 |title=Condoleezza Rice on Piano |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/arts/music/condoleezza-rice-on-piano.html |access-date=2024-05-30 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On a complementary note, Rice has revealed on
As Secretary of State, Rice was ''ex officio'' a member of the [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts#Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] of the [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]]. As the end of their tenures approached in January 2009, outgoing President Bush appointed her to a six-year term as
==Honorary degrees==
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| {{Flagu|District of Columbia}} || '''2002''' || [[National Defense University]] || Doctor of National Security Affairs
|-
| {{Flagu|Mississippi}} || '''2003''' || [[Mississippi College School of Law]] ||
|-
| {{Flagu|Kentucky}} || '''2004''' || [[University of Louisville]] || Doctor of Public Service
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| {{Flagu|Michigan}} || '''2004''' || [[Michigan State University]] || [[Doctor of Humane Letters]] (DHL)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vp.research.msu.edu/msu-honorary-degree-recipients-alphabetical-list#R|title=MSU Honorary Degree Recipients: Alphabetical List|work=msu.edu|access-date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023043/https://vp.research.msu.edu/msu-honorary-degree-recipients-alphabetical-list#R|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Massachusetts}} || '''2006''' || [[Boston College]] ||
|-
| {{Flagu|Alabama}} || '''2008''' || [[Air University (United States Air Force)|Air University]] || [[Doctor of Letters]] (D.Litt.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2008/apr/103394.htm|title=U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to Receive Honorary Air University Degree|date=April 9, 2008|work=state.gov|access-date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023043/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2008/apr/103394.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|North Carolina}} || '''2010''' || [[Johnson C. Smith University]] ||
|-
| {{Flagu|Texas}} || '''2012''' || [[Southern Methodist University]] ||
|-
| {{Flagu|Virginia}} || '''2015''' || [[College of William and Mary]] || [[Doctor of Public Service]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2015/wm-celebrates-more-than-2,000-new-graduates.php|title=W&M celebrates more than 2,500 new graduates|author=Erin Zagursky|date=May 16, 2015|work=wm.edu|access-date=May 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813164952/http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2015/wm-celebrates-more-than-2,000-new-graduates.php|archive-date=August 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{Flagu|Tennessee}} || '''2018''' || [[Sewanee: The University of the South]] || [[Doctor of Civil Law]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sewanee.edu/newstoday/top-stories-homepage/baccalaureate-2018.php|title=Condoleezza Rice: "Education is transformative|work=sewanee.edu|access-date=May 19, 2018|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023046/http://www.sewanee.edu/newstoday/top-stories-homepage/baccalaureate-2018.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagu|New York}} || '''2021''' || [[Siena College]] ||
|}
{{Incomplete list|date=July 2015}}
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*[[File:Order_of_San_Carlos_-_Grand_Cross_(Colombia)_-_ribbon_bar.png|55px|ribbon bar]] [[Order of San Carlos|Grand Cross with Gold Badge of the Order of San Carlos]], 2009<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historico.presidencia.gov.co/fotos/2009/enero/13/foto11.html|title=::SP FOTOS - Presidencia de la República de Colombia::|website=historico.presidencia.gov.co}}</ref>
*[[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|55px|ribbon bar]] [[Order of the Rising Sun|Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun]], 2017
==See also==▼
* [[List of African-American United States Cabinet members]]▼
* [[List of female United States Cabinet members]]▼
==Published works==
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* Rice, Condoleezza with [[Philip D. Zelikow|Zelikow, Philip D.]] (1995). ''Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft''. Harvard University Press. (1995), 520 pp., {{ISBN|0-674-35324-2|0-674-35325-0}}.
* Rice, Condoleezza, "[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2000-01-01/campaign-2000-promoting-national-interest Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest]" in ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', 2000.
* Rice, Condoleezza, with Kiron K. Skinner, Serhiy Kudelia, and [[Bruce Bueno de Mesquita]] (2007). [https://www.press.umich.edu/353460 ''The Strategy of Campaigning: Lessons from Ronald Reagan and Boris Yeltsin''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527124549/https://www.press.umich.edu/353460 |date=May 27, 2019 }}, paperback, 356 pp., {{ISBN|978-0-472-03319-5}}. [[University of Michigan Press]], Ann Arbor.
* Rice, Condoleezza (2010), ''Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family'', Crown Archetype, {{ISBN|978-0-307-58787-9}}
* Rice, Condoleezza (2011), ''No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington''. Crown Archetype, {{ISBN|978-0-307-58786-2}}
* Rice, Condoleezza (2017), ''[[Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom]]'', Twelve, 496 pp., {{ISBN|978-1455540181}}.
*{{cite book|last1=Rice|first1=Condoleezza|last2=Zegart|first2=Amy|title=Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity|date=2018|publisher=Twelve|location=New York|isbn=978-1455542352|oclc=1019846069}}
▲==See also==
▲* [[List of African-American United States Cabinet members]]
▲* [[List of female United States Cabinet members]]
==References==
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==Further reading==
===Academic studies===
* {{cite journal | last=Alexander-Floyd
* {{cite book | last=Bashevkin
* {{cite book | last=Bracey
* {{cite journal | last=Burke
* {{cite book |last1=De Castilla
* {{cite journal | last1=Dolan
* {{cite journal | last1=Gates
* {{cite journal | last=Jones
* {{cite book | last=Lusane
* {{cite book | last=Mann
* {{cite journal | last=Pennington
===Popular books and commentary===
* Bumiller, Elisabeth. ''Condoleezza Rice: an American life: a biography'' (Random House, 2007).
* Cunningham, Kevin (2005). ''Condoleezza Rice: U.S. Secretary Of State (Journey to Freedom)'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20100316181126/http://www.childsworld.com/ Child's World] {{ISBN|1-59296-231-9}}
* Ditchfield, Christin (2003). ''Condoleezza Rice: National Security Advisor (Great Life Stories)'' middle school audience [http://www.franklinwatts.co.uk// Franklin Watts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424040303/http://www.franklinwatts.co.uk/ |date=April 24, 2023 }} {{ISBN|0-531-12307-3}}
* Flanders, Laura. (2004). '' Bushwomen: Tales of a Cynical Species (Verso)'' {{ISBN|978-1-85984-587-5}}
* Kessler, Glenn (2007). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080420184029/http://www.holtzbrinckpublishers.com/stmartins/search/SearchBookDisplay.asp?BookKey=5097381 The Confidante: Condoleezza Rice and the Creation of the Bush Legacy]''. {{ISBN|978-0-312-36380-2}}
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* Marcus Mabry. ''Twice As Good: Condoleezza Rice and Her Path to Power'' (Modern Times/Rodale, 2007).
* Rice, Condoleezza, and President George W. Bush. ''Hand-Off: The Foreign Policy George W. Bush Passed to Barack Obama'' (Brookings Institution Press, 2023). [https://www.amazon.com/Hand-Off-Foreign-Policy-George-Passed/dp/081573977X excerpt]
* Ryan, Bernard
* Wade, Linda R. (2002). ''Condoleezza Rice: A Real-Life Reader Biography (Real-Life Reader Biography)'' Mitchell Lane Publishers {{ISBN|1-58415-145-5}}, middle school audience
* Wade, Mary Dodson (2003). ''Condoleezza Rice: Being The Best'' Millbrook Press [https://web.archive.org/web/20030922223357/http://www.lernerbooks.com/ Lerner Books] {{ISBN|0-7613-1927-1}}, middle school audience [https://archive.org/details/condoleezzaricea00bumi_1 online]
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=== Online articles ===
* "[http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/rice/profile.html Smart, savvy, strong-willed Rice charts her own course]". CNN (2001).
* Cornwell, Rupert (January 20, 2005). "[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/from-the-axis-of-evil-to-the-outposts-of-tyranny-
* Nordlinger, Jay (August 30, 1999). "[https://archive.today/20080220180827/http://www.findarticles.com/m1282/16_51/55432936/p1/article.jhtml Star-in-waiting: meet George W.'s foreign-policy czarina]". ''National Review''.
* Richter, Paul (March 15, 2005). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20050315113245/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-rice15mar15%2C0%2C7449545.story?coll=la-home-headlines Rice Reshaping Foreign Policy]". ''Los Angeles Times''.
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{{s-aft|after=[[Hillary Clinton]]|as=Former US Secretary of State}}
{{s-end}}
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