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{{short description|Historic naval rank}}
{{Navalranks}}
'''Grand admiral''' is a historic [[naval]] [[military rank|rank]], the highest rank in the several European navies that used it. It is best known for its use in Germany as {{lang|de|Großadmiral}}. A comparable rank in modern navies is that of [[
==Grand admirals in individual navies==
===Austria-Hungary===
{{Infobox military rank
| name = Grand admiral
| native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|de|Großadmiral}}|{{native name|hu|Tengernagy}}}}
| image = Habsburg Groß-Admiral’s Flag (1853).svg
| image_size = 100px
| alt =
| caption = Command flag
| image2 = KUK-Navy-Großadmiral.svg
| image_size2 = 50px
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Sleeve insignia
| image3 =
| image_size3 =
| alt3 =
| caption3 =
| country = {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
| service branch = {{navy|Austria-Hungary}}
| abbreviation =
| rank group =
| rank =
| NATO rank =
| Non-NATO rank =
| pay grade =
| formation = 1916
| abolished = 1918
| higher rank =
| lower rank = {{lang|de|[[Admiral]]}}
| equivalents =
| history =
}}
The Austrian grand admirals were all members of the Imperial family, except for {{lang|de|[[Anton Haus]]|italic=no}}, the commander of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] for part of [[World War I]]:{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br />{{small|(born–died)}}
! Appointed
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
| [[File:Admiral Anton Haus, Kommandant der k. und k. Flotte.png|80px]]
| '''[[Anton Haus]]'''<br />{{small|(1851–1917)}}
| 12 May 1916
|
|-
| [[File:Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg|80px]]
| Prince<br />'''[[Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)|Henry of Prussia]]'''<br />{{small|(1862–1929)}}
| 9 October 1916
|
|-
| [[File:Emperor karl of austria-hungary 1917.png|80px]]
| Kaiser<br />'''[[Charles I of Austria]]'''<br />{{small|(1887–1922)}}
| 1 November 1916
|
|-
| [[File:Postcard Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany circa 1910.jpg|80px]]
| Kaiser<br />'''[[Wilhelm II|Wilhelm II of Germany]]'''<br />{{small|(1859–1941)}}
| 22 February 1917
|
|}
===France===
In [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] [[French Third Republic|France]], the rank was an honorific one equivalent to that of [[Marshal of France|marshal]] in the [[French Army]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
===Germany===
Line 15 ⟶ 76:
| image_size = 100px
| alt =
| caption =
| image2 = {{
| image_size2 =
| alt2 =
Line 31 ⟶ 92:
| abolished = 1945
| higher rank =
| lower rank = {{lang|de|[[General admiral|Generaladmiral]]}}
| equivalents = {{lang|de|[[Generalfeldmarschall]]}}
| history =
}}
In the [[Imperial German Navy]], and later in the {{lang|fr|[[Kriegsmarine]]}}, the rank
The rank was created in 1901 and discontinued in 1945,
====Imperial Germany====
Before and during World War I, the following were made grand admirals of the [[Imperial German Navy]] ({{lang|de|Kaiserliche Marine}}):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br />{{small|(born–died)}}
! Appointed
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
| [[File:Edward VII of the United Kingdom.jpg|80px]]
| King<br />'''[[Edward VII|Edward VII of the United Kingdom]]'''<br />{{small|(1841–1910)}}
| 26 June 1902
| <ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Latest intelligence - The German Emperor and the King |date=28 June 1902 |page=5 |issue=36806}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Koester, Admiral Hans von, Agence Rol, BNF Gallica.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Hans von Koester]]'''<br />{{small|(1844–1928)}}
| 28 June 1905
|
|-
| [[File:Porträtt av Oscar II i amiralsuniform. 1900-1907. Foto Lars Larsson (Cropped).jpg|80px]]
| King<br />'''[[Oscar II|Oscar II of Sweden]]'''<br />{{small|(1829–1907)}}
| 13 July 1905
|
|-
| [[File:Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg|80px]]
| Prince<br />'''[[Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)|Henry of Prussia]]'''<br />{{small|(1862–1929)}}
| 4 September 1909
|
|-
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C1743, Alfred von Tirpitz.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Alfred von Tirpitz]]'''<br />{{small|(1849–1930)}}
| 27 January 1911
|
|-
| [[File:Henning von Holtzendorff.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Henning von Holtzendorff]]'''<br />{{small|(1853–1919)}}
| 31 July 1918
|
|}
====Nazi Germany====
{{lang|de|Großadmiral}} was the most senior rank of the {{lang|de|[[Kriegsmarine]]}}, immediately senior to {{lang|de|[[General admiral#Nazi Germany|Generaladmiral]]}}. The rank was reintroduced in 1939 and was only awarded to the [[Oberkommando der Marine#List of commanders|Commander-in-Chief of the ''Kriegsmarine'']].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br />{{small|(born–died)}}
! Appointed
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1980-128-63, Erich Raeder.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Erich Raeder]]'''<br />{{small|(1876–1960)}}
| 1 April 1939
|
|-
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-127-06A, Karl Dönitz (cropped)(2).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Karl Dönitz]]'''<br />{{small|(1891–1980)}}
| 30 January 1943
|
|}
===Italy===
The rank of grand admiral ({{lang-it|grand'ammiraglio}}) was created by {{lang|it|[[Benito Mussolini]]|italic=no}} in 1924. It was established primarily to honour {{lang|it|[[Paolo Thaon di Revel]]|italic=no}}, who had been head of the Italian {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} during World War I — he was the only person to be awarded the rank. It was equivalent to [[marshal of Italy]] in the army and also [[marshal of the Air Force]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
===Peru===
In 1967 the rank of Grand Admiral of [[Peru]] ({{lang-es|Gran Almirante del Perú}}) was awarded posthumously to [[Miguel Grau Seminario]] and is equivalent to the army rank of [[Grand Marshal of Peru]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
=== Sweden ===
In Sweden the rank of grand admiral was only ever awarded twice. Once to [[Charles XIII|Prince Charles (XIII)]], whom was given the title at birth and which was used by him as the commander of the [[Swedish Navy|Swedish Royal Navy]] and once to [[crown prince]] [[Oscar I of Sweden|Oscar (I)]] as a courtesy title to honour his adoptive grandfather, the late king Charles XIII.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1918 |title=127-128 (Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 27. Stockholm-Nynäs järnväg - Syrsor) |url=https://runeberg.org/nfcg/0088.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv}}</ref>
=== Turkey ===
Grand Admiral ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Büyük Amiral'') is nominally a rank in the [[Turkish Naval Forces|Turkish Navy]]. It is the equivalent of the ranks of [[field marshal]] in the [[Turkish Land Forces|Army]] and [[Turkish Air Force|Air Force]]. Since the foundation of the [[Turkey|Republic]] in 1923, no person has held the rank. It is awarded by the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] to persons who are holding the rank of [[admiral]] and displayed distinguished merit in wartime.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
==In fiction==
Among the
==References==
Line 99 ⟶ 183:
[[Category:Military ranks of Italy]]
[[Category:Military ranks of France]]
[[de:Großadmiral]]
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