Wikipedia

Grand admiral: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Removed unsourced "in fiction" entry + added clean-up templates
(21 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 6:
 
===Austria-Hungary===
{{Infobox military rank
{{multiple image
| alignname = Grand = rightadmiral
| native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|de|Großadmiral}}|{{native name|hu|Tengernagy}}}}
| direction = horizontal
| widthimage = Habsburg Groß-Admiral’s =Flag (1853).svg
| caption_alignimage_size = center100px
| image1alt = KUK-Navy-Großadmiral.svg
| caption1 caption = sleeveCommand insigniaflag
| width1 image2 = 70KUK-Navy-Großadmiral.svg
| image_size2 = 50px
| image2 = Habsburg Groß-Admiral’s Flag (1853).svg
| caption2alt2 = command post flag
| width2caption2 = Sleeve = 80insignia
| image3 =
| header = Insignia of an Austrian {{lang|de|Großadmiral}}
| image_size3 =
| footer = {{color|white|'''Corps colour (Navy blue)'''}}
| footer_alignalt3 = center =
| caption3 =
| footer_background = #000080
| country = {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
| service branch = {{navy|Austria-Hungary}}
| abbreviation =
| rank group =
| rank =
| NATO rank =
| Non-NATO rank =
| pay grade =
| formation = 1916
| abolished = 1918
| higher rank =
| lower rank = {{lang|de|[[Admiral]]}}
| equivalents =
| history =
}}
 
The Austrian grand admirals were all members of the Imperial family, except for {{lang|de|[[Anton Haus]]|italic=no}}, the commander of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] for part of [[World War I]]:{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
* 1911: [[Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria]] (1860–1933)
! Portrait
* 12 May 1916: {{lang|de|Anton Haus|italic=no}} (1851–1917)
! Name<br />{{small|(born–died)}}
* 9 October 1916: [[Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)|Prince Henry of Prussia]] (1862–1929)
! Appointed
* 1 November 1916: [[Charles I of Austria|Kaiser Charles I of Austria]] (1887–1922)
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
* 22 February 1917: [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany]] (1859–1941)
|-
| [[File:Admiral Anton Haus, Kommandant der k. und k. Flotte.png|80px]]
| '''[[Anton Haus]]'''<br />{{small|(1851–1917)}}
| 12 May 1916
|
|-
| [[File:Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg|80px]]
| Prince<br />'''[[Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)|Henry of Prussia]]'''<br />{{small|(1862–1929)}}
| 9 October 1916
|
|-
| [[File:Emperor karl of austria-hungary 1917.png|80px]]
| Kaiser<br />'''[[Charles I of Austria]]'''<br />{{small|(1887–1922)}}
| 1 November 1916
|
|-
| [[File:Postcard Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany circa 1910.jpg|80px]]
| Kaiser<br />'''[[Wilhelm II|Wilhelm II of Germany]]'''<br />{{small|(1859–1941)}}
| 22 February 1917
|
|}
 
===France===
In [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] [[French Third Republic|France]], the rank was an honorific one equivalent to that of [[Marshal of France|marshal]] in the [[French Army]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
 
===Germany===
Line 41 ⟶ 76:
| image_size = 100px
| alt =
| caption = GeneraladmiralGroßadmiral rank flag (1939–1945)
| image2 = {{nowrap| [[File:Kriegsmarine-Großadmiral (s).gif|50px]] [[File:Kriegsmarine-Großadmiral.svg|50px]]}}
| image_size2 =
Line 62 ⟶ 97:
}}
 
In the [[Imperial German Navy]], and later in the {{lang|fr|[[Kriegsmarine]]}}, the rank ''Großadmiral'' was the equivalent of a British [[admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|admiral of the fleet]] or a United States [[fleet Admiraladmiral (United States)|fleet admiral]]; as a [[five-star rank]] (OF-10). LikeNo [[fieldGerman Marshalarmy (Germany)|field marshal]]sequivalent. itsIts holders were authorised to carry a [[baton (symbol)|baton]].<ref>BROCKHAUS, The encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 9: 3-7653-3660-2, page 164; definition: «Großadmiral»</ref>
 
The rank was created in 1901 and discontinued in 1945, afterby which time a total of eight men werehad been promoted to it. The next most junior rank was {{lang|de|[[General admiral|Generaladmiral]]}} (admiral-general).{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
 
====Imperial Germany====
Before and during World War I, the following were made grand admirals of the [[Imperial German Navy]] ({{lang|de|Kaiserliche Marine}}):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
* [[Edward VII|King Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] (26 June 1902)<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Latest intelligence - The German Emperor and the King |date=28 June 1902 |page=5 |issue=36806}}</ref>
! Portrait
* {{lang|de|[[Hans von Koester]]|italic=no}} (28 June 1905)
! Name<br />{{small|(born–died)}}
* [[Oscar II|King Oscar II of Sweden]] (13 July 1905)
! Appointed
* [[Prince Henry of Prussia (1862—1929)|Prince Henry of Prussia]] (4 September 1909)
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
* {{lang|de|[[Alfred von Tirpitz]]|italic=no}} (27 January 1911)
|-
* {{lang|de|[[Henning von Holtzendorff]]|italic=no}} (31 July 1918)
| [[File:Edward VII of the United Kingdom.jpg|80px]]
| King<br />'''[[Edward VII|Edward VII of the United Kingdom]]'''<br />{{small|(1841–1910)}}
| 26 June 1902
| <ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Latest intelligence - The German Emperor and the King |date=28 June 1902 |page=5 |issue=36806}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Koester, Admiral Hans von, Agence Rol, BNF Gallica.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Hans von Koester]]'''<br />{{small|(1844–1928)}}
| 28 June 1905
|
|-
| [[File:Porträtt av Oscar II i amiralsuniform. 1900-1907. Foto Lars Larsson (Cropped).jpg|80px]]
| King<br />'''[[Oscar II|Oscar II of Sweden]]'''<br />{{small|(1829–1907)}}
| 13 July 1905
|
|-
| [[File:Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg|80px]]
| Prince<br />'''[[Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)|Henry of Prussia]]'''<br />{{small|(1862–1929)}}
| 4 September 1909
|
|-
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C1743, Alfred von Tirpitz.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Alfred von Tirpitz]]'''<br />{{small|(1849–1930)}}
| 27 January 1911
|
|-
| [[File:Henning von Holtzendorff.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Henning von Holtzendorff]]'''<br />{{small|(1853–1919)}}
| 31 July 1918
|
|}
 
====Nazi Germany====
{{lang|de|Großadmiral}} was the most senior rank of the {{lang|de|[[Kriegsmarine]]}}, immediately senior to {{lang|de|[[General admiral#Nazi Germany|Generaladmiral]]}}. The rank was reintroduced in 1939 and was only awarded to the [[Oberkommando der Marine#List of commanders|Commander-in-Chief of the ''Kriegsmarine'']].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
{{see also|Uniforms and insignia of the Kriegsmarine#Commissioned Officer ranks}}
''Großadmiral'' was the most senior rank of the {{lang|de|[[Kriegsmarine]]}}, immediately senior to ''{{lang|de|[[Generaladmiral]]}}''. There were no more grand admirals until 1939. The following men were made grand admirals during the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi regime]]:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
* {{lang|de|[[Erich Raeder]]|italic=no}}, then-[[commander-in-chief]] of the {{lang|de|Kriegsmarine}}, was made a grand admiral on 1 April 1939.
! Portrait
* {{lang|de|[[Karl Dönitz]]|italic=no}}, commander of the [[U-boat]] fleet, was made a grand admiral on 30 January 1943 upon succeeding Raeder as Commander-in-Chief.
! Name<br />{{small|(born–died)}}
! Appointed
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1980-128-63, Erich Raeder.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Erich Raeder]]'''<br />{{small|(1876–1960)}}
| 1 April 1939
|
|-
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-127-06A, Karl Dönitz (cropped)(2).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Karl Dönitz]]'''<br />{{small|(1891–1980)}}
| 30 January 1943
|
|}
 
===Italy===
The rank of grand admiral ({{lang-it|grand'ammiraglio}}) was created by {{lang|it|[[Benito Mussolini]]|italic=no}} in 1924. It was established primarily to honour {{lang|it|[[Paolo Thaon di Revel]]|italic=no}}, who had been head of the Italian {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} during World War I — he was the only person to be awarded the rank. It was equivalent to [[marshal of Italy]] in the army and also [[marshal of the Air Force]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
 
===Peru===
In 1967 the rank of Grand Admiral of [[Peru]] ({{lang-es|Gran Almirante del Perú}}) was awarded posthumously to [[Miguel Grau Seminario]] and is equivalent to the army rank of [[Grand Marshal of Peru]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
 
=== Sweden ===
In Sweden the rank of grand admiral was only ever awarded twice. Once to [[Charles XIII|Prince Charles (XIII)]], whom was given the title at birth and which was used by him as the commander of the [[Swedish Navy|Swedish Royal Navy]] and once to [[crown prince]] [[Oscar I of Sweden|Oscar (I)]] as a courtesy title to honour his adoptive grandfather, the late king Charles XIII.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1918 |title=127-128 (Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 27. Stockholm-Nynäs järnväg - Syrsor) |url=httphttps://runeberg.org/nfcg/0088.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv}}</ref>
 
=== Turkey ===
Grand Admiral ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Büyük Amiral'') is nominally a rank in the [[Turkish Naval Forces|Turkish Navy]]. It is the equivalent of the ranks of [[Fieldfield marshal|Field Marshal]] in the [[Turkish Land Forces|Army]] and [[Turkish Air Force|Air Force]]. Since the foundation of the [[Turkey|Republic]] in 1923, no person has held the rank. It is awarded by the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] to persons who are holding the rank of [[Admiraladmiral]] and displayed distinguished merit in wartime.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
 
==In fiction==
Among the twelve grand admirals<ref name="Treason">''[[Thrawn: Treason]]''</ref> appearing in fiction and [[science fiction]], one notable figure is [[Grand Admiral Thrawn]] of the ''[[Star Wars]]'' science fiction franchise.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Trendacosta|first1=Katharine|title=Who Is Grand Admiral Thrawn and Why Is His Appearance in Star Wars Rebels So Exciting?|url=http://io9.gizmodo.com/who-is-grand-admiral-thrawn-and-why-is-his-appearance-i-1783799672|work=[[io9]]}}</ref>
 
==References==
Line 105 ⟶ 183:
[[Category:Military ranks of Italy]]
[[Category:Military ranks of France]]
 
[[de:Großadmiral]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_admiral"